Agent数码Reaper
人称代词(Personal Pronoun)定义语法上对说话者、说话者的对手、以及所说及的人或事物所作的区分叫作人称(Person),而表达人称之区别的代词就叫作人称代词(Personal pronoun)。人称共有下列三种:(1)第一人称(First Person):指说话者本身(包括个人及团体。)(2)第二人称(Second Person):指说话者的对方(包括个人及团体。)(3)第三人称(Third Person):指所说及的人或事物(包括个体或整体。)人称代词在词形上没有复数的词尾变化,但是在数(Number)、性(Gender)、及格(Case)却有其各不相同的代表词,A.人称代词的用法(1)人称代词依其格的区分,用法如下:(a)主格:作主语或主语补语。例:I speak English better now.(我现在英语讲得比较好了。——主语)例:It is she who sings the best in my class.(在我的班里歌唱得最好的就是她。——主语补语)注:① “It is I”与“It is me.”传统文法以“It is I.”为正确,但是现代英语使用“It is me.”已很普遍,甚至于要说“It is I who…”也常改说“I am the one who…”,以避开“It is I…”。② 第三人称单数为主语时,应注意与单数动词一致。例:He does everything very carefully.(他做事都很小心。)例:She was not at the party yesterday.(昨天她没有参加宴会。)(b)所有格:表达对人、事物等的拥有或所有。例:This is our school.(这是我们的学校。)例:He always did his best to help others.(他总是会尽他的一切去帮助别人。)注:“所有格代词+own”可表达自身的拥有或所有。例:This is his own house(=This house is his own.)(这是他自己的房子。——表示非租借的意思。)(c)宾格:作直接宾语、间接宾语、宾语补语、介词的宾语。例:We all know him.(我们都认识他。——直接宾语)例:The teacher asks us questions in class.(老师在上课中都会问我们问题。——间接宾语)例:The new teacher took Amy for me this morning.(今天早上新到的老师把Amy错认是我。——宾语补语)例:I sometimes go camping with them.(我有时候和他们去露营。——介词的宾语)注:① 主语的比较皆使用主格。例:Mary is older than he by two years.(玛丽年岁比他大两岁。)请注意下列例句的不同比较例:I love you more than he (loves you).(我比他更爱你。)I love you more than (I love) her.(我爱你甚于爱她。)② 作补语用的人称代词,其格与相关的名词或代词须一致。例:I believe (that ) it was he who wrote that letter.(我相信写了那封信的人是他。——“it”为主语)Do you really believe it to be him?(你真的相信是他吗?——“it”为宾语)③ 两个以上的人称代词并列时,礼貌的表达次序是:you and I/meyou, he/she, and I/mehe/she and I/meyou and he/she例:You and I are to blame, not she.(不对的是你和我,不是她。)例:Would you and Mary like to come with us?(你和玛丽要不要和我们一道来?)例:She didn't know whether to ring you or me.(她不知道是否该打个电话给你或我。)(2)We, You, They的特别用法(a)We(i)总称:如中文的“我们,咱们”。例:Indeed we want freedom, but we must obey laws.(诚然我们要自由,但是我们必须服从法律。)(ii)本地:指自己出生或所在的地方例:We grow rice in Taiwan.(台湾是生产稻米的。——说话者是台湾人,说话时人可能在台湾,亦有可能不在台湾。)例:We don't have much rain here in autumn.(本地秋天雨量不多。)(b)You指包括对方的一般大众。例:Nowadays you young people don't marry so early as we did years ago.(当今你们年轻人不像多年前的我们那样早婚。)例:When you are in Rome, do as the Romans do.(入乡随俗。——格言)(c)They(i)指有关人士、团体或政府当局等。例:They always say the same words when an accident happens.(一有意外事故发生他们总是说同样的话。)(ii)其他地方:“We”(ii)的相反例:They grow corn in those states.(那几州是生产玉米的。)(iii)They = People例:They say that there will be a new war in the Middle East.(=People say that…)(=It is said that…)(大家都说中东将会发生一场新的战争。)B.“It”的用法(1)指事物,人(不明性别或何人时),婴孩、动物(不提性别)或昆虫等。例:“Where is my watch, dear?”(我的手表在哪儿,亲爱的?)“I saw it in your drawer last night.”(昨晚我看到它在你的抽屉里。)例:“Who is it?”(是谁?——如敲门时,不明对方的性别或何人。)“It's me, Peter.”(是我,彼得。)例:Mrs. Huang had a baby last night.It weighs 4 kilos.(黄太太昨夜生了一个婴儿,体重达四公斤。)例:What's that?(那是什么?)It's a silkworm.(是蚕。)(2)表达时间、日期、季节、天气、距离、环境等。例:“What time is it?”—“It's five to twelve.”(几点钟了?——现在是十一点五十五分。)例:“What's the date?”—“It is the third of October.”(今天几月几日?——今天是十月三日。)例:It is very hot in summer.(夏天的天气都是很热。)例:How far is it from here to the station?(这里到车站有多远?)例:I like it here very much.(我很喜欢这里的环境。)(3)表达强调句型It +be…+that(who)…例:It was Paul that (who) broke the window.(=Paul broke the window.)(打破了窗的人是保罗。)解说 “It… that…”是表达强调的正常句式,但是若强调点是“人”,则使用“It…who…”也很普通。本句式可用于一个句子中的任何强调点,例如:例:Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.→It was Peter who met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.(昨天在戏院看到海伦和比尔的人是彼得。)→It was Helen and Bill that Peter met at the theater yesterday.(昨天彼得在戏院所遇见的人是海伦和比尔。)→It was at the theater that Peter met Helen and Bill yesterday.(昨天彼得遇见海伦和比尔的地点是戏院。)→It was yesterday that Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater.(彼得在戏院遇见海伦和比尔的时间是昨天。)(4)形式主语例:It is shameful the way he behaves himself before girls.(他在女生面前的举止真叫人脸红。)例:It is easy to find fault with others.(批评别人是容易的。)例:It is wrong for you to speak ill of her.(你讲她的坏话是不对的。)例:It is a great convenience living / to live in a big city.(住在大城市里事事都方便。)例:It is surprising that she should have married a farmer.(她居然和农民结婚实在令人意想不到。)解说 上面各例句都可以把“It”所代表的实际主语移到句首来,例如:The way he behaves himself before girls is shameful.To find fault with others is easy.虽然如此,现代英语仍以“It…”较普通。(5)形式宾语例:I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination.(我认为考试作弊是不对的。)例:Don't you find it a waste of time watching television too much?(你不觉得电视看得太多是浪费时间吗?)例:I thought it strange that Jack should have had so much money to spend these days.(我觉得杰克近日来会有这么多的钱可花费是一件奇怪的事。)解说 本句式都用于有宾语补语的不完全及物动词的句子,“it”代表着宾语补语之后的实际宾语(不定式、动名词、或that-clause)。本句式的实际宾语不可以移入“it”的位置而把“it”省略。常可用本句式来表达的不完全及物动词有:find(发现,觉得),think(想,觉得),believe(相信),consider(认为),make,take,etc.(6)“it”可以代表前述的短语或句子例:Don't let your children play with matches or lighters.It is dangerous.(不要让你的小孩们玩火柴或打火机。那是危险的。)例:“Jim can solve that puzzle.”(吉姆能解答那个谜题。)“I don't believe it.”(我不相信。)(7)“it”常作非人称动词的主语例:It happened that I was there then.(碰巧当时我也在场。)例:It appears that he'll be elected.(他像是会当选的样子。)例:It occurred to me then that I had an appointment with her that evening.(当时我突然想起来我本来和她在当天晚上有约会。)C.独立所有格代词定义:代词能独立表达对事物的拥有或所有,并在句子中扮其所代表的名词的功能者叫做独立所有格代词(Independent Possessive)注:“its”几乎不作独立所有格使用。用法(1)代表前述或后述的名词例:This is your umbrella and mine(=my umbrella)is the one in your hand.(这一把是你的雨伞,我的是你手拿着的那一把。)例:These are your balls, mine(=my balls)are those in that basket.(这些是你的球,我的是在那个篮子里的那些。)例:Ours(=Our car)is a sports car so it runs the fastest.(我们的是一辆赛车,所以它跑得最快。)解说 独立所有格可以作句子的主语、补语、宾语等使用,全为第三人称,其数则由它所代表的名词来决定(由上示各例可知)。(2)代表对话内共知的事物例:You eat yours,and I eat mine.(你吃你的,我吃我的。——他们在吃什么?这自是对话者之间共知的事。)(3)独立用法:Yours truly(sincerely…).Sincerely(Truly…)yours.这种用法都是书信结尾的客套语,等于中文的“……敬启”,只用于“yours”。(4)of +独立所有格代词:双重所有表达法例:He is an old friend of mine.(他是我的一个老朋友。)例:They are beautiful,those flowers of yours.=Those flowers of yours are beautiful.(你的这些花很美。)(请参考第十五章,第六节,C3双重所有格。)D.反身代词定义:人称代词的宾格或所有格词尾加“-self,-selves”的代词称为反身代词(Reflexive Pronoun),亦称复合人称代词(Compound Personal Pronoun)。用法(1)反身用法:及物动词的宾语即为主语本身的用法叫作反身用法。例A:The old man killed himself last night.(那个老人昨夜自杀了。)例B:We enjoyed ourselves very much at the party last night.(昨夜我们在宴会中过得很愉快。)例C:Help yourselves,please.(请各位不要客气。)解说 如各例句所示,各反身代词都是指其主语本身。这种用法有些已成为惯用表达法(例B),例如:例:He absented himself from school this morning.(他今天早晨缺席,没有到学校。)例:She seated herself by the window.(她拣了窗边的一个座位坐下来。)例:I was late this morning because I overslept myself.(今天早晨我迟到是因为我睡过头了。)例:Don't overeat yourself,or you'll get sick.(不要暴食,否则你会生病的)例:They dressed themselves up quickly and left the house.(他们匆匆地穿好衣服后就出去了。)(2)作介词的宾语用:也是属于反身用法。例A:The door opened of itself. (无外力干预,即"自动")(门自动地开了。)例B:I like to travel by myself. (无外人参加,即"独自")(我喜欢独自旅行。)例C:She was beside herself with grief. (脱离自我, 即"失常")(她悲伤过度,神经失常了。)(3)表达强调例:I myself heard him say so yesterday.(我昨天亲自听他这么说的。)例:she did it herself.(=She herself did it.)(她自己做的。)例:The story itself is not interesting.(故事本身并不令人感到有趣。)
starjing99
function
读音:英 ['fʌŋkʃn] 美 ['fʌŋkʃn]
n. 职务;功能;函数;重大聚会;应变量,有相关关系者;取决于
vi. 运行;起作用
单词变形:
1、形容词: functionless
2、过去式: functioned
3、过去分词: functioned
4、现在分词: functioning
5、第三人称单数: functions
双语例句:
The teacher did not explain its grammatical function.
老师没有解释它的文法功能。
扩展资料:
近义词
role读音:英 [rəʊl] 美 [roʊl]
1、role作“作用,职责”解时,后面常接介词“in〔of,for〕+名词或动名词”。
2、role也可作戏剧、电影等中的“角色”解。
3、表示“……的角色”可用“the role of ...”,一般不在其后面所接的名词前加冠词a/an。
He will appear in the role of mediator.
他会出庭,充当调停者的角色。
4、role所指的角色一般指人扮演的角色或发挥的作用;
5、由于role与roll在语源上一样,应注意两者的不同,极易混淆。roll指的是“卷,滚动,名单”等。
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