语法结构英语

【英语】简单句的五种基本句型作者：佚名来源：天星教育网更新时间：2014-04-11 10:11点击：38286简单句是英语中的基本句子，了解和掌握这五种基本句型对学好英语极为重要。这五种基本句型是：1.主语+不及物动词（主谓结构）本结构是由主语加不及物动词构成，常用来表示主语的动作。此句型中不及物动词的常用法：（1）一般表达型。此类不及物动词常与表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。如：They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。（2）主动形式表示被动含义型。此类动词常见的有：read, sell, wash, write, clean等。如：The theatre tickets sold well. 戏票很畅销。This kind of cloth washes well.这种布料很容易洗。2.主语+系动词+表语（主系表结构） 本结构是由"主语+系动词+表语"组成，主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。此句型中常见的系动词：be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, keep等。（1）主语+系动词+形容词(作表语) 如：That argument sounds reasonable. 那个论据听起来有道理。 It feels good to be home.在家的感觉真好。（2）主语+系动词+名词(作表语) 如：Later he became a scientist.他后来成为一个科学家。 He is a student. 他是个学生。（3）主语+系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词(作表语) 如：He is near. 他在附近。 This is of importance. 这很重要。 You’re not looking yourself today. 今天你看上去气色不太好。 3. 主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾结构） 此结构是由"主语+谓语+宾语"构成。其中的谓语动词须是及物动词(短语),宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。（1）主语+及物动词＋名词或代词(作宾语)如：He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。 Will you spend your holidays abroad this year? 你今年去国外度假吗?（2）主语+及物动词＋动名词(作宾语)。此类及物动词(短语)有：advise, consider, avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practise, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off, insist on, give up, can’t help, stick to等。如：I suggested taking a walk. 我建议去散步。You should not give up studying. 你不该放弃学习。（3）主语+及物动词＋不定式(作宾语)。此类及物动词有：afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn, offer, plan, refuse等。如：I hope to go to college. 我希望上大学。The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. 公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。（4）既可接动名词又可接不定式的及物动词。如：remember to do sth.记住要做某事/remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事；stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事/stop doing sth.停止做某事；forget to do sth.忘记去做某事/forget doing sth.忘了做过某事；regret to do sth.遗憾去做某事/regret doing sth.后悔做了某事；go on to do sth.做完一件事接着做另一件事/go on doing sth.继续做同一件事；try to do sth. 试图做某事/try doing sth.尝试着做某事等。如：Did you remember to feed the birds?你记着喂鸟了吗？I remember feeding the birds. 我记得已喂了鸟。4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（主谓+双宾语结构）此句型中常见的接双宾语的动词：（1）用to变换间接宾语的动词：give, hand, offer, show, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend等。如：Could you give me the letter?或Could you give the letter to me? 你能把那封信递给我吗？Can you lend me that book? 或Can you lend that book to me? 你能把那本书借给我吗？（2）用for变换间接宾语的动词：make, buy, cook, find, get, order, sing, spare, fetch等。如：He bought me a bottle of ink. /He bought a bottle of ink for me.他为我买了一瓶墨水。Can you get me some stamps?或Can you get some stamps for me? 你能帮我拿些邮票吗？5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（主谓+复合宾语结构）此结构中宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。此句型中常见的接宾语补足语的及物动词：（1）接名词作宾补的动词：find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等。如：They usually call the baby Dick. 他们通常叫那婴儿Dick。I would make him king over the earth. 我会让他当世界之王。（2）接形容词作宾补的动词：keep, get, make, leave, find, paint, set, turn, drive, call, cut, consider等。如：She will make him happy. 她将使他幸福。Please cut the stick short. 请把这根棍子砍短。（3）接分词、省略to的动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词：see, notice, hear, watch, observe等。如：He left me waiting in the rain. 他让我在雨中等。（4）接副词、介词短语等作宾补的动词有leave, put等。如：The police put the thief in prison. 警察把这小偷关进了监狱。（5）有些动词后常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，这是英语中常用的句型,即"主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正的宾语"。常见动词有think, find, consider等。如：I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。节选自