英国地标建筑英文

英国1. 圣保罗大教堂 Sallo Paulo cathedral A Cathedral dedicated to St Paul has overlooked the City of London since 604AD, a constant reminder to this great commercial centre of the importance of the spiritual side of life. The current Cathedral – the fourth to occupy this site – was designed by the court architect Sir Christopher Wren and built between 1675 and 1710 after its predecessor was destroyed in the Great Fire of London. Its architectural and artistic importance reflect the determination of the five monarchs who oversaw its building that London’s leading church should be as beautiful and imposing as their private palaces. Since the first service took place here in 1697. Wren's masterpiece has been where people and events of overwhelming importance to the country have been celebrated, mourned and commemorated. Important services have included the funerals of Lord Nelson, the Duke of Wellington and Sir Winston Churchill; Jubilee celebrations for Queen Victoria; peace services marking the end of the First and Second World Wars; the launch of the Festival of Britain; the Service of Remembrance and Commemoration for the 11th September 2001: the 80th and 100th birthdays of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother; the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, to Lady Diana Spencer and, most recently, the thanksgiving services for both the Golden Jubilee and 80th Birthday of Her Majesty the Queen. Over the centuries, St Paul’s has changed to reflect shifting tastes and attitudes. Decoration has been added and removed, services have been updated, different areas have been put to new uses. Today, the history of the nation is written in the carved stone of its pillars and arches and is celebrated in its works of art and monuments. 2.London Eye 伦敦巨眼摩天轮 The London Eye (Millenium Wheel) at a height of 135 metres (443 ft), is the biggest Ferris wheel in Europe, and has become the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom, visited by over 3 million people a year.At the time it was erected it was the tallest Ferris wheel in the world, until it was surpassed by the Star of Nanchang (160m) in May 2006, and then the Singapore Flyer (165m) on February 11, 2008. However, it is still described by its operators as "the world's tallest cantilevered observation wheel" (because the entire structure is supported by an A-frame on one side only).]The London Eye is located at the western end of Jubilee Gardens, on the South Bank of the River Thames in London, United Kingdom, between Westminster Bridge and Hungerford Bridge. The site is adjacent to that of the former Dome of Discovery, which was built for the Festival of Britain in 1951.3.伦敦大桥 London Bridge London Bridge is a bridge between the City of London and Southwark in London, England, over the River Thames. Situated between Cannon Street Railway Bridge and Tower Bridge, it forms the western end of the Pool of London. On the south side of the bridge are Southwark Cathedral and London Bridge station; on the north side are the Monument to the Great Fire of London and Monument tube station.It was the only bridge over the Thames downstream from Kingston until Westminster Bridge opened in 1750.The bridge carries part of the A3 road, which is maintained by the Greater London Authority; the bridge itself is owned and maintained by the Bridge House Estates ( see City Bridge Trust), an independent charity overseen by the City of London Corporation.4.大英博物馆 the British Museum The British Museum is a museum of human history and culture in London. Its collections, which number more than 7 million objects, are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. The museum is a Non-Departmental Public Body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.“ The wonders of the museum brought here to Bloomsbury from all around the world's imagined corners are numberless. How can they be named? As well tally each leaf of a tree. They come here out of the living minds of generations of men and women now dead – Greek and Assyrian, Aztec and Inuit, Chinese and Indian – who have conceived and carved and hammered and tempered and cast these objects to represent the worlds around them, visible and invisible. ” The British Museum was established in 1753, largely based on the collections of the physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane. The museum first opened to the public on 15 January 1759 in Montagu House in Bloomsbury, on the site of the current museum building. Its expansion over the following two and a half centuries has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions, the first being the British Museum of Natural History in South Kensington in 1887. Until 1997, when the current British Library building opened to the public, the British Museum was unique in that it housed both a national museum of antiquities and a national library in the same building. Since 2001 the director of the Museum has been Neil MacGregor.As with all other national museums and art galleries in Britain, the Museum charges no admission fee, although charges are levied for some temporary special exhibitions 美国Independence Hall Philadelphia's Independence Hall (Independence Hall), where the three rooms, however, which a few tables, however, a dozen or so of the chairs of the three houses, is that the U.S. Congress and the location of the High Court, is signed "Declaration of Independence "And ratify the Constitution of the United States. Legislative, judicial, administrative separation of powers from the beginning, just and fair in this process on the basis of established. Statue of Liberty Statue of Liberty (Statue of Liberty, Statue de la liberté), also known as "freedom illuminate the world" (English: Liberty Enlightening the World, French: Liberté éclairant le monde), geographical coordinates: 40.69 ° N, 74.04 ° W, France In 1876 the United States presented to the 100th anniversary of the independence of gifts, in New York City near the Hudson River Estuary. Is the statue of the freedom of the island's important tourist attractions. French sculptor Bartholdi last 10 completed the statue of the hard work of sculpture, the goddess of the appearance of design from the sculptor's mother, and hold high the torch of the goddess of the right hand while his wife is a sculptor in the arm for the blueprint. Statue of Liberty wearing ancient Greek style clothing, by wearing a symbol of the first world crown Qi Taizhou and seven oceans seven sharp Mans. Goddess symbol of the right hand held high the torch of freedom, Peng Zhao engraved with his left hand on July 4, 1776 the "Declaration of Independence", is broken at the foot of the handcuffs, leg irons and chains. She symbolizes freedom, freed themselves from tyranny bound by the October 28, 1886 and the completion of the opening. Duantie statue of the internal structure was built by the Eiffel Tower in Paris, Gustave Eiffel designed. Statue of Liberty 46 meters high, Jiaji Block 93 metres and weighing over 200 tons, metal casting, placed in a concrete system on the platform. The base of the Statue of Liberty is well-known Joseph Pulitzer built to raise 100,000 U.S. dollars, the base is now a U.S. immigration history museum. 1984, the Statue of Liberty was listed as world cultural heritage. The whole statue to 120 tons of steel for the skeleton, 80 tons of copper for the jacket to 300,000 rivets in the assembly fixed on the stent, the total weight of 225 tons. Chaco National Historic Park Chaco National Historic Park, located in the western United States, New Mexico, the Indian representative during the heyday of the cultural sites. 1987 UNESCO will Chaco National Historic Park as a cultural heritage to the "World Heritage List." Chaco National Historic Park is the center of a 16 km long and 2-3 kilometers wide valley, north of the cliff as high as 50 meters. Sunningdale in the side, from the 9th century AD -11 century later, Puweibuluo tribes with the construction of the wall around the 12 large villages. Villages within the housing from Level 2 to Level 5 ranging from hundreds of rooms and food storage component. Also use the basement storage of food. In Beiyin side has more than 400 small villages. Fully shows that they respect the engineering and construction can be. Many housing is used for holding the ceremony, but also for people from afar residential use. In order to solve water supply, are still on the rocks Zaochu drains into storage tanks. The north side of the "village" in the year 900 years after completion, with sandstone walls around. The big tribes built on the ground for the semi-circular building, covers an area of 12,000 square meters, is a four-story buildings, some more than 800 rooms. The construction of the south have openings, including the size of the 36 different Dexue. From the center of the Chaco ruins scattered around the villages to the road network to connect each other, radial roads connected, the road can still see the relics. Dongnanxibei direction to extend the range road, the total length of more than over 600 kilometers. These roads are usually four meters wide -6 meters, a straight-line distance to the extension. From the unearthed pottery, malachite, shellfish and tropical birds survive the bone, feather to the then well-developed commercial activities. Year 12 from the 1930s, prolonged drought makes people have to give up here, he relocated to the Department. Demise of the Chaco culture. Puweibuluo tribal shows the superb skills of construction-mao. Thick stone walls, small windows and doors, the Chaco, the temperature instability has played a regulatory role. Northern Dynasty ruins sit throughout the South, from north to south were lower, at the end of each class housing in the winter can maximize the enjoyment of light.独立大厅 独立大厅 美国费城的独立大厅（Independence Hall），那里的房间不过三间，而这桌子不过几张、椅子不过十几把的三间房子，却是当年美国国会和高级法院的所在地，是签署《独立宣言》和批准美国宪法的地方。立法、司法、行政三权分立从此开始，公正和公平在这个程序基础上建立起来。 自由女神像 自由女神像（Statue of Liberty，Statue de la liberté），又称“自由照耀世界”（英语：Liberty Enlightening the World，法语：Liberté éclairant le monde），地理坐标：40.69°N，74.04°W，是法国在1876年赠送给美国的独立100周年礼物，位于美国纽约市哈德逊河口附近。是雕像所在的自由岛的重要观光景点。 法国著名雕塑家巴托尔迪历时10年艰辛完成了雕像的雕塑工作，女神的外貌设计来源于雕塑家的母亲，而女神高举火炬的右手则是以雕塑家妻子的手臂为蓝本。 自由女神穿着古希腊风格的服装，所戴头冠有象征世界七大洲及七大洋的七道尖芒。女神右手高举象征自由的火炬，左手捧着刻有1776年7月4日的《独立宣言》，脚下是打碎的手铐、脚镣和锁链。她象征着自由、挣脱暴政的约束，在1886年10月28日落成并揭幕。雕像锻铁的内部结构是由后来建造了巴黎埃菲尔铁塔的居斯塔夫·埃菲尔设计的。 自由女神像高46米，加基座为93米，重200多吨，是金属铸造，置于一座混凝土制的台基上。自由女神的底座是著名的约瑟夫·普利策筹集10万美金建成的，现在的底座是一个美国移民史博物馆。 1984年，自由女神像被列为世界文化遗产。 整座铜像以120吨的钢铁为骨架，80吨铜片为外皮，以30万只铆钉装配固定在支架上，总重量达225吨。 查科国家历史公园 查科国家历史公园,位于美国西部的新墨西哥州，有全盛时期印第安人代表性的文化遗址。1987年联合国教科文组织将查科国家历史公园作为文化遗产，列入《世界遗产名录》。 查科国家历史公园的中心是一条长16公里,宽2-3公里的峡谷，北面有高达50米的悬崖。在向阳的一侧，从公元9世纪-11世纪后期，普韦布罗部落建造了用城墙环绕的12座大村庄。村庄内的房屋从2层到5层不等，由数百间房间和粮食仓库组成。也有利用地下室贮藏食物的。在背阴的一面也有400多小村庄。充分显示出他们在工程和建筑方面的才能。许多房屋是供举行仪式用的，也有供远道而来的人们住宿使用的。为了解决供水，还在岩石上凿出水渠引向贮水槽。北侧的"大村庄"是在公元 900年以后建成的，有砂岩城墙围绕。这座大部落为建在地面上的半圆形建筑，占地面积1.2万平方米，是一座4层建筑，有约800多房间。这座建筑朝南有开口部，包括有大小不同的36座地穴。 由查科遗址中心地向四周分散的村落以道路网相互连接，放射状的道路四通八达，现仍可看到道路遗迹。向东南西北方向延伸的区间道路，其总长度超过了600多公里。这些道路通常宽4米-6米，呈直线向远处延伸。从出土的陶器、孔雀石、贝壳以及热带生存的鸟类骨骼、羽毛来着，当时的商业活动相当发达。 从公元12世纪30年代开始，持续的干旱使得人们不得不放弃了这里，迁往他处。查科文化消亡了。 普韦布罗部落显示了高超的建筑技茂。厚重的石墙、很小的窗户和门，对查科不稳定的气温起到了调节作用。整个遗址坐北朝南，从北向南依次降低,使每末级房屋都能在寒冬最大限度地享受光照。

一、白金汉宫

白金汉宫（英语：Buckingham Palace）是英国君主在伦敦的主要寝宫及办公处，坐落于威斯敏斯特，是英国国家庆典和王室欢迎礼举行场地之一，也是一处重要的旅游景点。

在英国历史上的欢庆或危机时刻，白金汉宫也是一处重要的集会场所。1703-1705年，白金汉和诺曼比公爵约翰·谢菲尔德在此兴建了一处大型镇厅建筑“白金汉宫”，构成了今天的主体建筑。

1761年，英王乔治三世获得该府邸，并作为一处私人寝宫。此后宫殿的扩建工程持续超过了75年，主要由建筑师约翰·纳西和爱德华·布罗尔主持，为中央庭院构筑了三侧建筑。

二、伦敦塔桥

伦敦塔桥（Tower Bridge），是一座上开悬索桥，位于英国伦敦，横跨泰晤士河，因在伦敦塔（Tower of London）附近而得名，是从泰晤士河口算起的第一座桥（泰晤士河上共建桥15座），也是伦敦的象征。该桥始建于1886年，1894年6月30日对公众开放，将伦敦南北区连接成整体。

在19世纪下半叶，随着伦敦东区商业的上升发展，带动了对伦敦桥下游一座穿过泰晤士河的新桥梁的需求。但这座桥不能建成是传统的固定桥，因为将会切断当时位于伦敦桥和伦敦塔之间的港口设施， 假如新桥太低的话船就无法开到码头了。1870年泰晤士河下的一条人行地道开通了，但它依然无法取代一座新的桥梁的需要。

三、伊丽莎白塔

伊丽莎白塔（the Elizabeth Tower），旧称钟塔（the Clock Tower），俗称大本钟（Big Ben），联合王国国会大厦威斯敏斯特宫的附属钟塔，世界上著名的哥特式建筑之一，伦敦乃至英国的标志性建筑。

伊丽莎白塔是坐落在英国伦敦泰晤士河畔的一座钟楼，是伦敦的标志性建筑之一。钟楼高95米，钟直径7米，重13.7吨。每15分钟响一次，敲响威斯敏斯特钟声。自从兴建地铁Jubilee线之后，伊丽莎白塔受到影响，测量显示伊丽莎白塔朝西北方向倾斜约半米。

四、威斯敏斯特教堂

威斯敏斯特教堂（Westminster Abbey），通称威斯敏斯特修道院（Westminster Abbey，意译为西敏寺），坐落在伦敦泰晤士河北岸，原是一座天主教本笃会隐修院，始建于公元960年，1045年进行了扩建，1065年建成，1220年至1517年进行了重建。

威斯敏斯特教堂在1540年英王创建圣公会之前，它一直是天主教本笃会（天主教的隐修院修会之一）教堂。1540年之后，成为圣公会教堂。

五、圣保罗大教堂

圣保罗大教堂(St Paul's Cathedral)是世界著名的宗教圣地，世界第五大教堂，英国第二大教堂（第一是利物浦大教堂），教堂也是世界第二大圆顶教堂，位列世界五大教堂之列。

圣保罗大教堂最早在604年建立，后经多次毁坏、重建，由英国著名设计大师和建筑家克里斯托弗·雷恩爵士（Sir Christopher Wren）在17世纪末完成这伦敦最伟大的教堂设计，整整花了35年的心血。

圣保罗教堂另一个建筑特色，是少数设计、建筑分别仅由一人完成，而非历经多位设计、建筑师的教堂之一，教堂内还有一个雷恩的墓碑，上书“If you seek his monument, just look around”（如果你在寻觅他的纪念碑，只需要看看周围）。

里面还有一所具有不凡地位的法学院，位于教堂区内的圣保罗十字学院是伦敦的首届“议会”所在地。圣保罗大教堂是伦敦的宗教中心，建筑为华丽的巴洛克风格，是世界第二大圆顶教堂，17世纪末建成。

参考资料来源：百度百科——白金汉宫

参考资料来源：百度百科——伦敦塔桥

参考资料来源：百度百科——大本钟

参考资料来源：百度百科——西敏寺

参考资料来源：百度百科——圣保罗大教堂

议会大厦，“伦敦眼”，中国城，白金汉宫，西敏寺，圣保罗大教堂，大英博物馆，伦敦塔桥和大本钟。

圣保罗大教堂大英博物馆