诗诗雨天
牛津的书应该是LOOKING GOOD,FEELING GOOD内容如下：Unit 3 Looking good,Feeling good Part 1 Words 1.stay link-v= continue in a certain state 保持，维持(后面跟形容词或名词作表语) You must get enough sleep to stay healthy. The shop stays open until ten at night. They stayed friends for years. 2.ashamed adj. 羞愧的，感到难为情的（后跟+of 。。。/to do 。。/ that。。。） She was ashamed of having failed in the examination. He felt ashamed of having done so little work . I'm quite ashamed to have troubled you so many times. I feel ashamed that I haven't written for so long. 3.since conj. 1) = because 2)=now that Great changes have taken place in China since the open-policy system was carried out Since you have finished your work ,you may go now. 4.work vi Everyone has to work to live.（工作） My watch doesn't work.（运转） The medicine worked .After I took it ,I felt better.（起作用，有效果，奏效） 5.recover vt =get /find something again With the help of the police ,she recovered her lost watch. He was determined to recover his honor. After the operation ,it took the patient a long time to recover his health. Vi = become well again Now he is recovering from a bad cold . Trade soon recovered from the effects of the war. 6.contain vt 包含，容纳,含有 This theatre can contain 4000 people. We can't eat much food that contains too much fat. 注意：contain /include 都有包含的意思。Contain可表示包含所含之物的全部或部分，而include则只是包含一部分。Include 着重被包含者只是整体中的一部分；contain 着重"内有"。 I have a story-book which contains a lot of interesting stories .The wolf is coming is included . 7.match v 和。。相配/相称 ;敌得过,比得上 The color of the shirt doesn't match that of the tie. No one can match him in singing. n. 相配的人或物。配对物 The blue shirt and gray tie are a good match Bill is no match for his brother on it . 注意： go with 与…相配/配套 You'd better buy some tapes to go with your English book. 8.damage vt 损害,毁坏 The car was damaged in the serious accident. It's wrong of you to damage your health by smoking . n 损害,损失 Human activities are doing great damage to the earth . Smoking causes much damage to one's health. 注意:类似的词 如destroy /harm /spoil 9.embarrass vt 使…窘迫/使..不好意思/局促不安 He has been embarrassed by his debts for years. be/feel/get embarrassed about He was embarrassed about that stupid mistake. Don't feel embarrassed about being different from others in public. When he was asked to answer that embarrassing question , he became very embarrassed. embarrassment n 尴尬 10. diet vi 节食;控制饮食 The doctor has dieted the patient strictly. "No sugar in my coffee, please; I'm dieting." n 节食;日常饮食 The Chinese diet contains lots of fruit and green vegetables ,while the western diet contains too much sugar and fat. The doctor put his patient on a diet of low fat and sugar. I mustn't have too much potato because I'm now on a diet. 注意 : diet 指习惯上吃的食物,又指规定的食物,特指维持健康的定质或定量的食物 food 是一般用语,指任何能吃且有营养的东西. 10.consider vt 1)考虑 ~ +sth /doing sth / 从句 Have you considered this problem? I have considered changing my job. He considered whether he should do it . 2) 认为;把…视为~ + to be …/ as …/that 从句 He is considered ( to be) / as an expert in computer science . She considered herself( to be) lucky. I consider that driving at such a speed is dangerous. consideration n. 考虑 take sth into consideration 考虑… 11.affect vt 1)影响 Smoking affects a person's health. 2)感动 He was deeply affected by the moving story. n. effect have an effect on sb/sth have much /no / little effect on 12.risk vt ~ one's life /fortune/health ~ doing sth. He risked his life in saving the child. I risked losing my job by arguing with the boss. n He saved the child at the risk of losing his life. During my life ,I have to take/run risks. 13.recognize vt 认出，识别；认可，公认 I recognized Peter although I hadn't seen him for 10 years. lrealize vt 实现，认识到，了解 I hope we can realize our dreams. I realized that I was wrong. 14.control vt （controlled ,controlled）控制 We should learn to control our feelings and don't get angry easily. Nobody can control him ;he is free to do what he wants to . n in control of 对。。。控制 out of control （某物）失控 15．count vt 1) 数，记数Can you count from 1 to 20 ? 2) 有价值/有重要性 Her opinion counts because of her experience. 3) 认可，有效 You didn't shut your eyes before you made the wish ,so it doesn't count! 4)认为 (~ sb as ~ )We count her as one of our oldest friends. 16 concentrate vt /vi 集中（注意力，思想等）；全神贯注 You should concentrate on/upon your study. concentration n focus on 集中。。于。。 17 amount n 量 ，数量 a large amount of money in amount=in all 1）修饰可数名词的（词或词组）: a good /great many books a large number of books quite a few books many a/an +单数可数名词 2）修饰不可数名词 a great deal of money a large sum of money 3) 两者都可修饰 a lot of =lots of plenty of a large quantity of /large quantities of Part Ⅱ Phrases and expressions 1.be healthy attractive 2.dying to be thin 3.hear from sb 4.used to do 5.work out 6.stay slim 7.lose some weight/put on 8.be ashamed of sth 9.be popular among/with sb 10.keep doing sth 11.recover from liver failure 12.regret to do /doing 13.contain a harmful chemical 14.cause my liver to fail 15.donate sth to sb 16.follow the doctor's advice 17.damage your health 18.a touching story 19.be embarrassed about your weight 20.go on diets 21.learn from 22.come across 23.in secret 24.get hurt 25.build up your strength 26.on your own 27.consider doing sth 28.fall out 29.side effects 30.take the risk 31.recommend sth to sb 32.get sth for free 33.along with 34.in the long /short term 35.give up on sport 36.prepare you for the day to come 37.as a matter of fact 38.take in 39.make some suggestions 40.give adivice 41.in no time 42.in time / on time /at any time/ at times/from time to time/at a time/at one time/ Part Ⅲ Patterns and structures 1.be dying to do sth /for sth 渴望做某事 She is dying to go home. He is dying for success. 2.Is everything okay with you ? 一切都好吗？ Is everything going well with you ? 3.I've lost 7 kg in the last two months.在过去的两个月里我减了7公斤。 与in the last / past/ recent +一段时间在一起使用，句子的谓语部分用现在完成时。 4．I think you look great as you are .我觉得你现在的样子很棒。 5. It's the same in China ?C many people are always going on diets . always 与现在进行时连用，表示不满或者责备等情绪。 He's always telling lies . He is always listening carefully in class. 6.Healthy eating along with regular exercise is the only way to become fit. 做某事的方法 the way to do sth /of sth 也可用定语从句 Can you tell me the way to work out the problem /of working out the problem? Can you tell me the way in which/that (省掉) I can work out the problem. 7. Walking and riding your bike count ,and so do school sports. 行走和骑自行车就算，在学校里进行的体育活动也算。 I like music ,and so does he. I don't like music . Neither/ Nor does he . I like music and I can sing well. So it is with him / It is the same with him. --Does he like music ? -- So he does . 8. My mother is too old for such a long operation.我妈妈年纪太大，不能承受如此长时间的手术。 too… for The coat is too big for me . The work is too much for me. 9.It isn't worth it.不值得那样做。 The book is worth five yuan. The book is not worth that price. The place is worth visiting. The place is worth a visit. The book is well worth reading. 10.You look great as you are.你这样很好。As作连词，引导方式状语从句，表示像。。。。 一样，按照 You must do everything as I do . Keep the book as it is. Part Ⅳ Grammar and usage 一 、Non-restrictive attributive clauses 1.了解限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别（意思与标点符号） 2.关系词的选择（特别主语as与which的区别） 二、Question tags（见反意疑问句的讲义） 1.反意疑问句的构成和意义。 2.常见反意疑问句的句式 3.反意疑问句的回答 Part Ⅴ Writing Page 109 (课本) Liangliang is no longer the boy he used to be ?Che has changed considerably. Only a year ago, he was overweight and a little lazy. He got tired easily and did not like sport. His favorite meal was fried chicken and chips .One day, he realized that he couldn't continue like this .So, he decided to change. He started to exercise. He ran on the school playground every day .He also began eating a healthier diet of more fruits and vegetables ,and less meat .These changes helped him lose a lot of weight .He is now a very happy boy in very good shape ,and he is always so energetic. P 78 (课时训练) How Max Keeps Fit It's important for us to stay healthy. Max give us a good example .He always takes exercise in the open air .He likes sports such as swimming ,running and playing basketball .He goes to bed at 10 at night and gets up at six in the morning. He takes god care of himself .He takes a shower every day and washes his hands before meals .When he has meals ,he eats all skins of food like fish, eggs, vegetables and meat .He also eats a lot of fruit .So he looks strong and healthy .He often says doing sport makes him become a top student. P 88 (课时训练) Dear nice to hear from you again .You want to know what is going on in schools in China ? In short ,things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load .I don't know about others ,but I used to work even at weekend doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time .I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums and taking computer lessons .In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. What' s more ,I can go to bed earlier .As far as I know ,everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things. Li Hua P 60（A B卷） Dear editor , Nowadays in our city ,more and more people own cars .I think there are god reasons for owning a car .First ,with a car a person can get around freely and conveniently ,without spending a lot of time .Second ,a car is comfortable to travel in .Finally ,it is safer to drive a car than ride a bike . However ,I am afraid more amore cars will cause heavier air pollution .What's more ,more traffic jams and accidents are happening every day . Personally ,I hope the government should control the number of the cars so that we can have a clean, quiet living environment. P80 （AB卷） Studying abroad In recent years ,studying abroad has been popular .Tens of thousands of Chinese students have gone to foreign countries to study. many people are trying their best to apply their children to go abroad . There are many advantages in attending schools abroad .First ,students who have studied abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures .Second ,we can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries .Third ,we can learn foreign languages more quickly . However ,the there are some disadvantages .Most of the students are too young to live alone without any living experience .Besides ,being far way from their home country ,they may feel lonely and homesick .Also ,the costs are much higher there than at home. In spit of these ,advantages are more than disadvantages .In my opinion ,it is advisable to attend schools abroad. Exercises : 1.--?CCan I help you ,sir ? --- Yes ,I bought this raio here yesterday ,but it ______. A didn't work B won't work C can't work D doesn't work 2.-?CYou were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. --Well .Now I regret ____ that . A to do B to be doing C to have done D having done 3.Most of us went to the exhibition, ____ some girls . A include B including C contain D to contain 4.Don't all speak at once ! _____,please. A Each at one time B One by one time C One for each time D One at a time 5.If you want help ?Cmoney for anything ,let me know,____ you ? A don't B will C shall D do 6.I don't think you are serious ,____ ? A do I B don't I C are you D aren't you 7.Mrs. Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera ,_____? A is she B isn't she C doesn't she D does she 8.Now that she is out of a job ,Lucy ____ going back to school ,but she hasn't decided yet. A had considered B has been considering C considered D is going to consider 9.--Oh it's you .I ______ you . --I've just had my hair cut and I'm wearing new glasses . A didn't recognize B hadn't recognized C haven't recognize D don't recognize 10.Sailing on a stormy day means ___ in the sea. A to risk sinking B risking sinking C to risk to sink D risking to sink 11.I hope that all the things will _____ well. A turn in B work out C carry out D change 12.Jack advised that we ____ there in his car but the smile on his face suggested that it ____ a trick . A go /was B should go /should be C go /be D went /should be 13. Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday,_____ made me very happy. A what B that C who D which 14._____ most of us can understand, it is hard to bring the situation under control. A It B As C That D Which 15.Daniel is good at physics and runs very fast in sports meeting .____. A So is his brother B Nor does his brother C So it is with his brother D It is the same as his brother. 16.The flu is believed ___ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A causing B being caused C to be caused D be have caused 17.What a lovely day ,isn't it ?--- Yes ,a bit cold ,________. A although B but C though D yet 18.Great attention should be paid to _______ our environment from _____. A protect /polluting B protecting /being polluted C protect /being polluted D protecting /polluting 19.He has no ______ in his class . A loser B match C enemy D winner 20.In order to keep ___,you must drink that water ,for it ______. A fit /fits to drink B fit /is fit to drink C suitable /fits to drink D sit /is suitable to drin
梦回红楼
对不起啊,这些资料可能对你来说不对,但我只能找到这么多了.还有因为这些资料我是从WORD上复制下来,所以格式上有点乱,请见谅.定语从句1. 定语从句的结构及理解2. 定语从句的关系词的使用3. 定语从句的简化表达知识总结归纳（一）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.（二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.（三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知识重点与难点（一）当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all, no, only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.（二）当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when, where, why 还有which, that1. I’m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn’t tell the truth to me.4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.（三）定语从句的简化表达： 1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question that is being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形式：doing短语，done短语，being done短语，to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：1. 被修饰名词+doing短语： 正在做….的人/正在发生的事。2. 被修饰名词+ done短语： 被…..的人/事3. 被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被…..的人/事4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被…..的人/事（1）Do you know the man talking to my sister ?（2）The “crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call” in Brazil.（3）Did you see that car being repaired ?（4）In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.（5）The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.（6）Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.（7）The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。2. 分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的，to be done表示将要被做的情态动词1. 情态动词的推测表达2. 情态动词表达虚拟语气3. 某些情态动词的特殊用法知识重点与难点总结知识重点：情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用：（一）用情态动词表达事实的推测。can，could，might，may，must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小，must表示“肯定…”，may / might / can / could表示“可能……”， must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 “可能不……”, 而can / could可以用于疑问句，表示“可能，可能……吗?”，其否定式can’t / couldn’t 表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。（二）对现在的事实进行推测：主要结构：…must / may / might +动词原形 be+名词/形容词/介词短语 be + doing例句：1. You must be Jeanne. I’m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well. 2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.3. The teacher must be joking.4. Freda isn’t in class. She must be sick.5. There must be something wrong.6. She might be very clever, but she hasn’t got much common sense.7. He may be arriving this evening.8. He may be traveling around the world.9. The keys can’t be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.10. Can the news be true ?（三）对过去的事实进行推测：结构：情态动词+have done / been+名词/形容词/介词短语例句：1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.2. He couldn’t have seen Anna yesterday. She’s gone abroad.3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.4. He might have overslept again.5. Where can Tom have gone ?情态动词表达虚拟语气：表达“本来…”，“不然早就…”。这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨，后悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加 have done 结构。根据要表达的意思，有如下结构：should have done / ought to have done：本应该……shouldn’t have done / oughtn’t to have done：本不该……could have done：本来可以……needn’t have done：本来没必要……would like to have done：本来很想……would rather not have done: 本来不愿意……could / might / have done: 不然早就……例句：1. You shouldn’t have laughed at his mistakes.2. You could have told us earlier.3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.6. They would like to have seen that film last film.7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.知识难点：某些情态动词的特殊用法：need 和dare 的两种形式的用法need 和dare可以用做实义动词，后面接不定式（to do）结构，在疑问句和否定句中，加助动词do/does/did/或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。作为情态动词使用时，主要用于疑问句和否定句中。情态动词needn’t（没有必要，不必）相当于don’t have to例句：1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.2. Need I stay here with you for a while ? Thank you, you needn’t.3. How dare you speak to parents like that ?注意：句型I dare say+从句。 意思是：我肯定…… = I’m sure或There is no doubt that+从句。例句：I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.will和would表示“意志”或“愿意”，would 则指过去愿意做……例句：1. He said that he would help us.2. You may telephone if you will accept this job.would可以表达“过去习惯做……”类似于“used to do”例句：1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.表示请求，固定的句型：Will/Would you please do…? / Would you like to do…?例句：Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ?shall1. 用于第一，三人称，表示“请求”；“建议” 或“推荐”例句：1. Shall we start the meeting now?2. Shall I watch TV now ?3. Shall my son carry the case for you ?2. 用于第二人称，表示“命令，“要求”，“许诺”例句：1. You shall take whatever you like.2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.在表示推测的否定句或疑问句中，常用can /can’t /could / couldn’t表示，意思是：“可能…吗?”；“…不可能…”。而不能使用mustn’t或must等词。与it有关的主要句型it强调句型知识总结归纳：（一）it用做形式主语或形式宾语：根据句子结构的需要，it用做形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语或宾语（to do 短语，doing短语，名词性从句）则放在句尾。主要句型：It’s +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句to do sth.doing sth.find / make / think / feel it +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句to do sth.doing sth.例句：1. It will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English . 2. It’s usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs . 3. It’s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier.4. It’s no use going there so early.5. Out teacher thinks it no good learning without practice.6. Didn’t I make it clear to you that I was not coming ?7. We found it strange that no one would take the money.（二）其他句型1. It takes+时间段+sb.+ to do sth.2. 表示“据说，据报道，/人们认为/相信/建议等It’s said that…….It’s reported that ……It’s believed/thought/suggested that……例句：1. It generally takes time to reach this point—being on the same wavelength . 2. It is believed that the two children went off exploring（探险）on their own and get stuck on the cliff . 3. It’s suggested that we should have a meeting to discuss the problem . 4. It was once predicted（预测）that British and American English would become separate languages finally . （三）it在强调句型中：在英语中，为了突出强调句子的某一个成分（谓语除外），达到强调或使听话人特别注意这一部分的目的。便形成了一种强调句型。It is / was+被强调的部分+that / who+句子的其他部分。It is / was not until+时间+that+句子的其他部分。例句：1. I saw John on my way to school this morning.It was John who/that I saw on my way to school this morning. It was on my way to school that I saw John this morning.It was this morning that I saw John on my way to school.2. It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.3. It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.4. It was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that frightened me so much . 5. It was the kindness and sympathy in their eyes that prevented me from doing so . 知识难点：（一）注意强调句型的变形，即以一般疑问句或特殊疑问句的形式出现的强调句型。1. What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom ? 2. Where was it that you met the foreign guests from Australia? 3. I can’t quite remember when it was that we married. 4. Was it because he was very ill that he asked for leave?（二）是强调句型还是that主语从句或其他复合句 1. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 2. It is these poisonous products that can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. 3. It was almost ten o’clock when our soldiers came back from the front. 4. Was it in this place that the last king died ?（三）注意强调句型中被强调部分带有定语从句Was it at the air battle on June 8, 1944, which was led by Captain Johnson that Peter lost his life.知识总结归纳（一）概述：主语与谓语的一致：在英语表达中，谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。主要体现在be动词，助动词do, have 以及一般现在时态中的动词形式。谓语动词与主语保持一致的基本原则：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。名词或代词做主语有人称和单，复数之分，动词的单数就是第三人称单数形式，而动词的复数形式即动词的原形。例句：1. I am seventeen, and he is sixteen.2. There is a desk in the room, but there are no chairs in it.3. John gets up at six o’clock every morning.4. What is the latest news about the Olympic Games ?5. The family are sitting at the breakfast table.（二）语法一致：1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。例句：① My brother and I have both seen that film.② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.④ Reading, writing and arithmetic are called the three R’s.（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：① The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.② War and peace is a constant theme in history.③ One more knife and fork is needed.④ The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.⑤ Law and order has been established.⑥ Bread and butter is our daily food.⑦ Fish and chips is a popular fast food.⑧ The stars and stripes is the national flag of U.S.A.（3）这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例句：① Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt.② No sound and no voice is heard.③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.④ Every minute and every second is precious.2. 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：① Reading is a great pleasure in life.② To live means to create.③ That we need more time is obvious.④ What is needed is food and medicine.3. 表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：① Three thousand miles is a long distance.② Eight hours of sleep is enough.4. 不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：① Is anybody going to tell him the news ?② Someone wants to see you.（三）就近原则由连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。例句：1. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.2. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.3. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.4. George or Tom is wanted.注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。例句：1. There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today.2. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.3. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。例句：1. All but one were here just now.2. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.3. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.4. You as well as I are wrong.（四）意义一致1. 代词none, neither, all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定例句：（1）All hope has gone.（2）All are agreed on this point.（3）—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none.（4）None has returned from the meeting.2. 集合名词group, class, family, army, enemy, team等名词的单，复数形式根据它们强调的内容而定。例句：（1）The class were all cheerful.（2）The team were taking over some new plays.（3）The group are reading the newspapers.（4）The army is going to remain in this town.（5）The army have rescued the travelers.3. 限定词短语all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分数/百分数+of ….修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。例句：（1）None of these suggestions are very helpful.（2）I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.（3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.难点突破1. 主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样的题时，要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。2. one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。 the only one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。例句：Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.
