大学英语二ppt

MusicTurkey is a Eurasian country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, and is a crossroads of cultures from across Europe, North Africa, the Caucasus and South and Central Asia. The music of Turkey includes elements of Central Asian folk music, Arabic, Persian classical music, ancient Greco-Roman music and modern European and American popular music. Turkey, rich in musical heritage, has developed this art in two areas, Turkish classical music (similar to Greco- Roman) and Turkish folk music (Similar to Central Asian). The biggest Turkish pop star of the 20th century was probably Sezen Aksu, known for overseeing the Turkish contribution to the Eurovision Song Contest and was known for her light pop music. European classical composers in the 18th century were fascinated by Turkish music, particularly the strong role given to the brass and percussion instruments in Ottoman Janissary bands called Mehter who were the first marching military band in History. Joseph Haydn wrote his Military Symphony to include Turkish instruments, as well as some of his operas. Turkish instruments were also included in Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony Number 9. Mozart wrote the "Ronda alla turca" in his Sonata in A major and also used Turkish themes in his operas. Although this Turkish influence was a fad, it introduced the cymbals, bass drum, and bells into the symphony orchestra, where they remain.Jazz musician Dave Brubeck wrote his "Blue Rondo á la Turk" as a tribute to Mozart and Turkish music.Turkish pop music boasts numerous mainstream artists with wide followance since the 1960s like Ajda Pekkan and Sezen Aksu, and younger pop stars like Sertab Erener, Tarkan and Mustafa Sandal. Underground music and the genres of electronica, hip-hop, rap and dance music saw an increased demand and activity following the 1990s.Turkish rock music, sometimes referred to as Anatolian rock, initiated during the 1960s by individuals like Cem Karaca, Barış Manço, and Erkin Koray, has seen wide-range success and has grown a considerable fan base. A few of the more mainstream Turkish rock bands include Mor ve Ötesi, Duman, and maNga. Individual rock performers like Şebnem Ferah, Özlem Tekin, and Teoman have substantial fan-bases. Turkey also boasts numerous large-scale rock festivals and events. Annually held rock festivals include Barışarock, H2000 Music Festival, Rock'n Coke, and RockIstanbul, during many of which internationally renowned bands / artists frequently take the stage together with Turkish artists.In 2003, a Turkish singer Sertab Erener won the Eurovision Song Contest with her song Everyway That I Can.SportsSoccer (Turkish: futbol) is by far the most popular sport in modern Turkey. The four most popular football clubs in Turkey are Beşiktaş J.K., Galatasaray S.K., Fenerbahçe S.K. and Trabzonspor, all collectively referred to as the "big four". Galatasaray won the UEFA Cup 1999-00, beating Arsenal F.C. 4-1. The Turkish national football team were also the 3rd best team in the 2002 FIFA World Cup, having just been defeated 1-0 by Brazil in the semi-finals. Nevertheless, that was the furthest Turkey had ever progressed in a World Cup tournament.Like all major soccer teams, their popularity has been heavily commercialised, resulting in the creation of just about anything colored in one of the "big four"'s team colors.Famous pehlivans of yağlı güreş (oil wrestling), the Turkish national sportDespite soccer's much larger popularity, oil wrestling (Turkish: yağlı güreş) is Turkey's national sport. The wrestlers are referred to in Turkish as pehlivan (plural form: pehlivanlar). Oil wrestling is also very popular, and a tournament (Kırkpınar) is held annually in Edirne. It is the oldest continuously running, sanctioned sporting competition in the world, having taken place every year since 1362.Basketball is also very popular, with the team colloquially referred to in popular culture as 12 dev adam (12 giant men). Turkey will be hosting the 2010 FIBA World Championship.Turkey hosted the 2005 Summer Universiade in Izmir, and is scheduled to host the 2011 Winter Universiade in Erzurum. Turkey is currently a candidate to host the 2018 Winter Olympics in Bursa.CuisineTurkish cuisine inherited its Ottoman heritage which could be described as a fusion and refinement of Turkic, Arabic, Greek, Armenian and Persian cuisines.[2] Turkish cuisine also influenced these cuisines and other neighbouring cuisines, as well as western European cuisines. Ottomans fused various culinary traditions of their realm with influences from Middle Eastern cuisines, along with traditional Turkic elements from Central Asia such as yogurt. The Ottoman Empire indeed created a vast array of technical specialities. It can be observed that various regions of the Ottoman Empire contain bits and pieces of the vast Ottoman dishes.Taken as a whole, Turkish cuisine is not homogenous. Aside from common Turkish specialities which can be found throughout the country, there are also region-specific specialities. The Black Sea region's cuisine (northern Turkey) is based on corn and anchovies. The southeast—Urfa, Gaziantep and Adana—is famous for its kebabs, mezes and dough-based desserts such as baklava, kadayıf and künefe. Especially in the western parts of Turkey, where olive trees are grown abundantly, olive oil is the major type of oil used for cooking.[3] The cuisines of the Aegean, Marmara and Mediterranean regions display basic characteristics of Mediterranean cuisine as they are rich in vegetables, herbs and fish. Central Anatolia is famous for its pastry specialities such as keşkek (kashkak), mantı (especially of Kayseri) and gözleme.The name of specialities sometimes includes the name of a city or a region (either in Turkey or outside). This suggests that a dish is a speciality of that area, or may refer to the specific technique or ingredients used in that area. For example, the difference between Urfa kebab and Adana kebab is the use of garlic instead of onion and the larger amount of hot pepper that kebab contains.