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大大的熨斗

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一般是形容词,如:functional,personal希望能帮到你,如有疑问,可追问~

否认英文词性

229 评论(9)

小韵子39

be afraid of doing害怕做某事(习惯性的)be afraid to do不敢做某事(具体、一次性的)go on doing继续做同一件事go on to do继续去做另一件事stop与go用法相同。mean doing意味着mean to do打算做try doing尝试做try to do努力做regret doing后悔做了regret to do遗憾要去做

246 评论(10)

芳菲七月

在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。 1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有: (1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如: They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. (2)都可以被状语修饰: The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. (3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如: He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态) He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式) We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时) Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式) (4)都可以有逻辑主语 They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语) The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语) We are League members.(谓语动词的主语) We being League member, the work was well done. (现在分词的逻辑主语) 2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有: (1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 (2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。 (3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。 (二)非谓语动词的句法功能: 二、非谓语动词用法: (一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 1.不定式的形式:(以动词write为例) 否定式:not + (to) do (1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后, 例如: I'm glad to meet you. He seems to know a lot. We plan to pay a visit. He wants to be an artist. The patient asked to be operated on at once. The teacher ordered the work to be done. (2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如: The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. (3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如: I regretted to have told a lie. I happened to have seen the film. He is pleased to have met his friend. 2.不定式的句法功能: (1)作主语: To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure. 动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,例如上面两句可用如下形式: It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. (2)作表语: Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold. (3)作宾语: 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如: Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如: I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如: He gave us some advice on how to learn English. (4)作宾语补足语: 在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如: With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema. 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如: I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road. (5)作定语: 动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系: ①动宾关系: I have a meeting to attend. 注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如: He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. What did you open it with? 如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词: He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem. 如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式: Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent? ②说明所修饰名词的内容: We have made a plan to finish the work. ③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语: He is the first to get here. (6)作状语: ①表目的: He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致: wrong:To save money, every means has been tried. right:To save money, he has tried every means. wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. ②表结果: He arrived late to find the train gone. 常用only放在不定式前表示强调: I visited him only to find him out. ③表原因: They were very sad to hear the news. ④表程度: It's too dark for us to see anything. The question is simple for him to answer. (7)作独立成分: To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked. (8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。 If you don't want to do it, you don't need to. (9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。 He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. (二)动名词: 动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。 1.动名词的形式: 否定式:not + 动名词 (1)一般式: Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 (2)被动式: He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。 (3)完成式: We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。 (4)完成被动式: He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。 (5)否定式:not + 动名词 I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。 (6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词 He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。 His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。 2.动名词的句法功能: (1)作主语: Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。 It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。 (2)作表语: In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。 (3)作宾语: They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。 注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如: We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语: enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like (4)作定语: He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。 Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗? (5)作同位语: The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。 His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged. 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。 (三)现在分词: 现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。 1、现在分词的形式: 否定式:not + 现在分词 (1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成 式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如: They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。 Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。 (2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动 词之前的被动的动作。 The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。 2.现在分词的句法功能: (1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语 放在名词后。 In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher. (2)现在分词作表语: The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。 The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。 be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。 (3)作宾语补足语: 如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语: see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如: Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗? He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。 (4)现在分词作状语: ①作时间状语: (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。 ②作原因状语: Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。 ③作方式状语,表示伴随: He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。 ④作条件状语: (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。 ⑤作结果状语: He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。 ⑥作目的状语: He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。 ⑦作让步状语: Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。 ⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格: I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard. 我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。 All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。 Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。 有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。 ⑨作独立成分: udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看,他一定是个演员。 Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。 (四)过去分词: 过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。 过去分词的句法功能: 1.过去分词作定语: Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。 注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 2.过去分词作表语: The window is broken. 窗户破了。 They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。 注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别: The window is broken.(系表) The window was broken by the boy.(被动) 有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如: boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶) newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳) the changed world(变了的世界) 这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。 3.过去分词作宾语补足语: I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语: With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。 4.过去分词作状语: Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因) Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间) Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件) Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步) Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞。

94 评论(12)

曾在气院呆过

forget doing sth是忘记做了某事就是事情已经作过了,例如:i have forgotten watering the flower.就是我浇过花了,但是把这件事情忘了。forget to do sth是忘记没有做某事就是事情还没被做。例如:i have forgotten to do my homework. 作业没做,我把这件事忘了

259 评论(15)

璐璐308738

一、动词变名词

1、v+ ment结尾

achieve——achievement成就

advertise——advertisement广告

agree——agreement同意

amuse——amusement娱乐

commit——commitment奉献

develop——development发展

disagree——disagreement不赞同

equip装备——equipment装备,器材

govern统治——government政府

manage——management经营,管理

argue——argument争吵

2、V+ ion结尾

attract——attraction吸引

discuss——discussion讨论

express——-expression词语;表达

instruct——instruction指导,介绍

invent——invention发明

predict——prediction预言

impress——impression印象

suggest——suggestion建议,暗示

educate——education教育

graduate——graduation毕业

operate——operation操作,动手术

illustrate——illustration阐明,举例说明

pollute——pollution污染

introduce——introduction介绍

organize——organization组织

imagine——imagination想象力

inspire——inspiration灵感,鼓舞人心的

invite——invitation邀请

compete——competition竞争,比赛

pronounce——pronunciation发音

admit——admission承认

permit——permission允许

conclude——conclusion结论

decide——decision决定

describe——description描写,描绘

resolve——resolution决心

solve——solution解决方法

3、V+ ance结尾

allow——allowance允许

appear——appearance外貌,出现

perform——performance演出

exist——existance存在

4、V+ ing结尾

end——ending结尾,结局

train——training训练

mean——meaning意义

say——saying谚语

remind——reminding提醒

bathe——bathing沐浴

5、词尾加-er或-or后变成表示“某一类人”的名词

work——worker工人

teach——teacher老师

sing——singer歌手

jump——jumper跳高运动员

play——player表演者、运动员

learn——learner学习者

visit——visitor访问者

invent——inventor发明家

6、V+其他

beg——beggar乞丐

sit——seat座位

believe——belief信仰

behave——behavior行为

know——knowledge知识

fly——flight飞行

mix——mixture混合物

press——pressure压力

serve——service服务

succeed——success成功

pursue——pursuit追求,从事

propose——proposal建议

withdraw——withdrawal取钱;收回;撤退

survive——survival--survivor幸存者

arrive——arrival到达

analyze——analysis分析

形容词变名词

1、词尾ent改为ency或ence

efficient有效率的——efficiency效率

patient——patience/impatience耐性/无耐心

dependent——dependence依赖性

independent——independency独立性

urgent——urgency紧急

2、ble结尾,ble改为bility

possible——possibility可能

responsible——responsibility责任;职责

3、其他

accurate——accuracy准确性

prosperous——prosperity繁荣

true——truth真相

wide——width宽度

long——length长度

high——height高度

二、名词/动词变形容词

1、名词+y

honest——honesty诚实的

guilt罪恶——guilty内疚的

health——healthy健康的

luck——lucky幸运的

cloud——cloudy多云的

wind—windy多风的

rain——rainy多雨的

snow——snowy多雪的

tourist——touristy游客多的

er结尾,改er为ry

hunger——hungry饥饿的

anger——angry生气的

fog——foggy有雾的

sun——sunny阳关灿烂的

fur——furry毛皮的

shine——shiny发亮的

taste——tasty美味的

2、名词/动词+ed

以辅音+辅音结尾的单词,直接加ed

talent——talented有天赋的

offend——offended生气的

crowd——crowded拥挤的

以元音字母e结尾的单词直接加d

balance——balanced平衡的

organize——organized有组织的

pollute——polluted被污染的

please——pleased高兴的

元音加辅音结尾的单词,词尾辅音双写再加ed

spot——spotted有斑点的

3、名词+ful/less

care——careful/ careless小心的/粗心的

help——helpful / helpless有帮助的/无助的

use——useful/ useless有用的/无用的

meaning——meaningful / meaningless有意义的/无意义的

colour——colourful /colourless多彩的/无色的

pain疼痛——painful /painless痛苦的/不痛的

thank——thankful / thankless充满感激的/不知感恩的

peace和平——peaceful和平的

play游戏——playful爱玩耍的

home——homeless无家可归的

4、名词/动词+able

change——changeable易变的

adjust——adjustable可调整的

comfort——comfortable舒适的

knowledge——knowledgeable知识渊博的

suit——suitable合适的

动词以辅音加y结尾把y变i加able,

deny——deniable可否认的

rely——reliable可靠的

5、名词+ous

courage——courageous勇敢的

danger——dangerous危险的

以y结尾,改y为i再加ous

mystery神秘——mysterious神秘的

6、ce变t

confidence——confident自信的

difference——different不同的

dependence——dependent依赖他人的

independence——independent独立的

7、词尾加al

addition——additional附加的,额外的

music——musical音乐的

person——personal (私人的)

nation——national国家的

education——educational有教育意义的

tradition——traditional传统的

origin起源——original新颖的;独创的

以元音字母结尾的单词,去掉词尾元音加al

nature——natural自然的

globe——global全球的

特例:

class——classical经典的

medicine药——medical医学的

grammar——grammatical语法的

8、名词+ly

friend——friendly友好的

live——lively活跃的,有生气的

love——lovely可爱的

week——weekly每周的

man——manly男子气概的;强壮的

9、词尾+en

wood——wooden木制的

wool——woolen羊毛的

10、表示方位的词

East——eastern

West——western

South——southern

North——northern

11、四大洲

Asia亚洲——Asian

Africa非洲——African

Europe欧洲——European

America美洲——American

12、其他

energy精力——energetic精力充沛的

strategy——strategic战略的

scientist——scientific科学的

fool傻子——foolish愚蠢的

love——loving慈爱的

pleasure——pleasant令人愉快的/ pleased高兴的

pride——proud自豪的

三、形容词变动词

1、词尾加ize

modern——modernize使...现代化

social——socialize使...社会化

2、词尾加en

fast——fasten使固定;集中于

short——shorten缩短

wide——widen放宽

less——lessen使...减少

特例(有变形):

long——lengthen使延长

strong——strengthen加强;巩固

3、词前加en

large——enlarge扩大;放大

四、形容词变副词

1、形容词+ly

bad——badly坏地

bright——brightly明亮地

casual——casually随意地

clear——clearly清楚地

complete——completely完全

correct——correctly正确地

final——finally最后

fortunate——fortunately幸运地

general——generally一般来讲

loud——loudly大声地

particular——particularly特别地

polite——politely礼貌地

proper——properly适当地

main——mainly主要地

most——mostly多半,大多数

normal——normally正常地

quick——quickly迅速地

quiet——quietly轻轻地,安静地

real——really真正地

recent——recently最近;近来

sad——sadly悲哀地

slow——slowly缓慢地

special——specially专门,特殊地

specific——specifically特定地,明确地

strong——strongly坚决地,强烈地

sudden——suddenly突然

usual——usually通常

2、以le结尾的,去e + y

comfortable——comfortably舒服地

gentle——gently温柔地

possible——possibly可能地

simple——simply仅仅;只;简单地

terrible——terribly非常;极度地

3、辅音字母+y变y为ily

easy——easily容易地

heavy——heavily沉重地

happy——happily快乐地

4、特殊

good——well好地

true——truly真实地

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