钱小小小疯纸
wiki上摘的，比较准确啦，中文确实没功夫翻，楼主参考参考吧Social Security in the United States currently refers to the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.The original Social Security Act[1] and the current version of the Act, as amended[2] encompass several social welfare or social insurance programs. The larger and better known initiatives of the program are: * Federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance * Unemployment benefits * Temporary Assistance for Needy Families * Health Insurance for Aged and Disabled (Medicare) * Grants to States for Medical Assistance Programs (Medicaid) * State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) * Supplemental Security Income (SSI)U.S. Social Security is a social insurance program funded through dedicated payroll taxes called Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA). Tax deposits are formally entrusted to[3] Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, or Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund, Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund or the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund. The main part of the program is sometimes abbreviated OASDI (Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance) or RSDI (Retirement, Survivors, and Disability Insurance). When initially signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935 as part of his New Deal, the term Social Security covered unemployment insurance as well. The term, in everyday speech, is used to refer only to the benefits for retirement, disability, survivorship, and death, which are the four main benefits provided by traditional private-sector pension plans. In 2004 the U.S. Social Security system paid out almost $500 billion in benefits.[4] By dollars paid, the U.S. Social Security program is the largest government program in the world and the single greatest expenditure in the federal budget, with 20.9% for social security and 20.4% for Medicare/Medicaid, compared to 20.1% for military expenditure. [5] Social Security is currently the largest social insurance program in the U.S., constituting 37% of government expenditure and 7% of the gross domestic product[6] and is currently estimated to keep roughly 40% of all Americans age 65 or older out of poverty.[7] The Social Security Administration is headquartered in Woodlawn, Maryland, just to the west of Baltimore.Largely because of the rise of neoliberalism, Social Security privatization became a major political issue for more than three decades during the presidencies of Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush.
昆山angelababy
先说 societal 吧:adj.（形容词）Of or relating to the structure, organization, or functioning of society.社会的：和社会的结构、组织或功能有关的所以说这个词的范围很大,指"所有与社会或社会学有关的范畴",在社会学著作中经常使用,一般来将比较抽象,书面化.socialadj.Abbr. soc.（形容词）缩写 soc.Living together in communities.社会上的：在社区中住在一起的Of or relating to communal living.社会生活的：社会生活的或与社会生活有关的Of or relating to society.社会的：社会的或与社会有关的Living together in organized groups or similar close aggregates:群居的：生活在有组织的群体或相似的紧密集合体中的：Ants are social insects.蚂蚁是群居的昆虫Involving allies or members of a confederacy.联邦的：和联邦的同盟者或成员有关的Of or relating to the upper classes.上流社会的：属于或关于上层社会的Inclined to seek out or enjoy the company of others; sociable.好交际的：愿意寻找和喜欢别人陪伴的；合群的Spent in or marked by friendly relations or companionship.社交的：在友好的关系或陪伴之中度过的或有其特征的Intended for convivial activities.交谊的：倾向于饮酒作乐活动的Of, relating to, or occupied with matters affecting human welfare:社会福利的：属于、关于或影响人类福利的事物：social problems; a social policy.社会福利问题；社会福利政策n.（名词）An informal social gathering, as of the members of a church congregation.社交聚会：一种非正式的社交集会，如教会成员聚会你会看到它的意思非常多,有形容词也有名词,它是的意思就少得多了,指局限于 societal 范畴中的一小部分.它们两个的区别就好比 historic 与 historical 的区别是意义范畴大小的问题,如果你细心就会发现英语有好多这样的词,你可以归类一起学习.不知道你现在是否明白了.
臻品之心
下面只是参考！有些地方有错误！ 看我这么辛苦还不给分就伤心拉！美国社会保障制度由社会保险、社会福利、社会救济三部分组成。美国自30年代建立保障制度以来，已形成庞大的社会保障体系，其主要特点是： （1）适时建立和逐步完善社会保障体系。本世纪初，随着工业化的发展、生活水平的提高，在美国引起了人们对老年生活的普遍关注。30年代的经济大萧条，使老年人生活处于最困难境地，社会退休金成了老年人的希望所在。1934年，罗斯福成立了经济保险委员会，1936年公布了社会保障法，1939年增加了伤残保险和老年配偶养老保险。经过几年准备。在积累了一大笔基金后，于1942年付诸实施，开始支付退休金。二次大战中没有新的变动。50年代经济有了很大发展，1965年增加了老人医疗保险，1972年又增加了残废者医疗保险。经过50多年的逐步发展与健全，形成了庞大的社会保障体系。 （2）老年法定退休保险具有强制性、贡献性和福利性，退休和医疗保险基金有正常来源渠道，能自我调整和自我调整。其退休金的收与支是按照现收现付、收支平衡的原则确定的，根据人口老龄化的预测、退休费支出的需要，不断调整保险税税率，通过自我调整达到自我循环正常运转的目的。 （3）发展保险公司经营的自愿投保退休金保险，吸收闲散资金增强经济实力，为人口老龄化做准备。美国的一些人寿保险公司除经营人寿保险、财产保险、死亡保险外、还大力经营集体和个人自愿投保性质的私人退休金保险，作为法定退休保险的补充。集体退休保险，由企业雇主为雇员投保，根据企业经营好坏和雇员个人情况投保可多可少，雇员退休后逐月领取。政府通过对退休保险金免税手段予以支持。并通过投资获取的利润，用来弥补膨胀使投保金额贬值的问题，以保证退休者收入，增强老年人的社会保障感。 （4）严格控制失业救济金发放标准和发放时间，以利于失业者积极再就业。联邦立法规定由企业雇主缴纳失业保险税款，雇员不缴。利率由各州自行确定，全国不统一。救济发放时间，大多数规定需经一周等待期后方可使用，最多支付26周，联邦法规定在失业高峰期可延长合乎法定救济周数的50%，即最多追加13周。严格限制发放周数的目的在于促使失业者积极再就业。 （5）采取措施，增收节支，迎接老龄化的严重挑战。其研究采取的主要措施是：注重研究管理与效率、保障目标与水平问题，逐步提高保险税税率；退休金也要纳入个人所得税范围之内，把负担加在高收入者身上；适当降低各项福利待遇水平，使之不要紧跟工资水平的增长；利用退休基金搞投资经营，增中储备，减少年轻人的社会负担。U.S. social security system by social insurance, social welfare, social relief of three parts. 30, the United States since the establishment of security systems since the 1990s, has become a huge sociSecurity Act, 1939, an increase of disability insurance and old age pension insurance spouse. After several years of preparation. In the accumulation of a large fund, implemented in 1942, began to fund it. World War II, no new changes. 50's economy has made significant progress, in 1965 an increase of health insurance for the elderly, in 1972 an increase of disability and medical insurance. After 50 years of progressive development of a sound and formed a huge social security system. (2) the statutory old age retirement insurance mandatory, and contribution to the welfare, health insurance and retirement funds are the source of the normal channels can be self-adjusting and self -I have to adjust. His pension and received support in accordance with pay, the principle of balance of payments, according to the aging of the population projections, retiree premiums expenditure needs, and constantly adjusting insurance tax rate, through self-adjustment of the normal cycle of self-operation目的. (3) the development of voluntary insurance of insurance companies operating pension insurance, to absorb idle funds to enhance the economic strength to prepare for the aging population desertification. Some of the U.S. life insurance company operating in addition to life insurance, property insurance, death insurance, but also strong business collective and individual nature of the voluntary insurance of private pension insurance, retirement insurance as a legal supplement. Collective retirementInsurance from employers to insure employees, according to the quality of business and personal circumstances of the insured employees can be less, employees receive a monthly retirement. The government retirement insurance money tax-free means of support. And by investing profits to make up for inflation so that the depreciation of the insured amount, in order to ensure retirement income, elderly people to enhance a sense of social security. (4) strictly control the payment of unemployment benefits and paid time standards in order to facilitate the active re-employment of the unemployed. Federal legislation to require employers to pay by the unemployment insurance tax, non-payment of employees. By the states to determine their own interest rates, not national unity. Time payment of relief,Most of the provisions subject to a week waiting period before they could use to pay a maximum of 26 weeks, federal law provides that unemployment was at its peak in line with statutory relief may be extended a few weeks of 50%, that is, up to an additional 13 weeks. Strictly limit the issuance of several weeks is aimed at promoting a positive re-employment of the unemployed. (5) to take measures to increase revenue and reduce expenditure, to meet the serious challenges of aging. Study of its main measures taken are: To study the management and efficiency, security objectives and the level of the problem, gradually increase the insurance tax rate; pension should also be within the scope of personal income tax, the burden on high-income people; appropriate to reduce the The level of benefits so that they do notKeep up the level of wages growth; engage in the use of pension fund investment management, increase in reserves to reduce young people's social burdens.
优质英语培训问答知识库
