网络英语应用

Uses and Gratifications (U & G) is a communications theory paradigm developed to understand media-use motivations. This research paradigm has recently been applied to understand motivations for Internet use. Internet U & G typically orient to distinct process-based, content-based, and socially based motivations for use of the network. This study applies U & G to examine the Internet usage motivations of technology students enrolled in an Internet-enabled distance education course and finds that digital content is highly sought after by students in Internet-supported distance education classes. Distance education students are also motivated to use Internet communication resources to offset the lack of social interaction found in normal classrooms. Students' Internet usage process motivations actually diverge into two distinct areas, related generally to searching versus browsing in the support of learning objectives.Psychologists have bee studying abnormal Internet use since the late 1990s. In another article I discussed a presentation on pathological Internet use by Mark Griffiths at the American Psychological Association's 1997 annual convention. Griffiths used a model of addiction to analyze the behavior of several different people who had problems with their Internet use. What is normal Internet use? Several different answers were presented as a part of a symposium at APA. Victor Brenner studied Internet use through a World Wide Web survey. His preliminary results were published in Psychological Reports in 1997. He presented further results at APA that were consistent with the earlier results.Brenner's subjects reported an average of 19 hours per week of Internet use. Many reported up to 10 signs of interference in role functioning (primarily failure to manage time, missing sleep, missing meals, etc.) . A surprising result is that 80% of the sample reported at least five of these signs. These numbers suggest that the presence of some level of these problems is normal, and therefore should not be considered as pathological. The Internet seems to be a compelling medium, and some disruption in our lives is normal if we spend much time online.Other studies have come up with different numbers. Kathleen Scherer studied 531 students at the University of Texas at Austin. 381 students who used the Internet at least once per week were studied further. 49 of these students (13%) were classified as "Internet dependent" because they had at least 3 out of 10 problems which parallel chemical dependencies. 71% of the "dependent" users were men and 29% were women. "Dependent" users averaged only 11 hours per week online while the average for the whole sample was 8 hours. Defining people as "dependent" based on their self-report of three problems seems a bit excessive in light of Brenner's study.Scherer's numbers are probably lower than Brenner's for several reasons. She used a college sample and recruited from a cross-section of students. Brenner recruited online and his technique would have attracted heavy Net users. The more time you spend online the more likely you are to stumble across the survey.Janet Morahan-Martin and Phyllis Schumaker presented the results of a study which support Scherer's lower numbers. They surveyed 283 college students in courses which required Internet use. They measured pathological use by administering a 13 item survey which assessed evidence that the Internet was causing personal problems, withdrawal symptoms and mood altering use.They classified users into three groups. Pathological users averaged 8.5 hours of Internet use per week, persons with limited symptoms averaged 3.2 hours per week, and those with no symptoms averaged 2.4 hours per week.Pathological users also differed from other users in other ways. They reported significantly more loneliness (as measured by the UCLA Loneliness Scale). They used online games more than other users, and they also used more technologically sophisticated aspects of the net (such as FTP, virtual reality, and remote support communication software) more than other students. They did not use Internet Relay Chat more than other students.What is normal Internet use? We still don't know. For the majority of the population normal Internet use remains zero hours per week. Studies suggest that some college students average 8 hours or so per week, and web surfers can average 20 hours online without having major problems. What you do online may be as important as how long you spend online. Some online activities seem to be more compelling and potentially "addictive" than others. Games and chat have been mentioned in this context, although these studies found limited support for the addictiveness of chat.When is Internet use pathological? The simple answer: when it gets in the way of the rest of your life. Addictions involve "compulsive use despite harm." The longer definition of addiction in the previous article illustrates some ways that substances and activities can get in the way. Look for more research in the next few years as we wrestle with these issues.While Internet use patterns may have changed since 1997, some people still develop problems. If you are having a problem with excessive Internet use you may want to see a therapist in person. Online help is probably not ideal for pathological Internet use since it contributes to even more time online. Internet World Stats is an International website that features up to date world Internet Usage, Population Statistics and Internet Market Research Data, for over 233 individual countries and world regions. See the Big Picture here.Internet World Stats is a useful resource for online international market research, containing the latest Internet statistics, broadband and penetration data, world population statistics and telecommunications markets information and reports.Site navigation and usability has been made easy with active links at the bottom of most pages and content menus on the left hand side column of main pages. This site also offers useful links to telecommunications country reports, maps, statistics sources, local directories, and population information. For a complete description of the content and surfing tips, visit the Site Guide.

我英语不好，想补习英语

我用的是老师给我建议的学习英语的软件学习的，提高挺快的，是一套的角斗士英语系列的，单词、音标、语法、口语什么的都可以学，比如背单词，可以每天规定自己背多少个，每天都会根据艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线自动提醒该复习的单词，如果是不熟悉的单词，还会多次重复要求记忆知道会了为止，带有查词的词典，不会的词可以随时查词并保存下来复习，还可以做成单词mp3播放随身听，你可以找一下角斗士英语软件的角斗士我爱背单词9（注意一定是角斗士系列的flyenglish）下载试试看，是北大老师开发的，还有手机版的随时可以学习很方便，和电脑版的还能同步，淘宝就有的你去找下。