万达集团乔梦云
文章 读完后，还要学习归纳、综合和推理判断。有时候，将比较难的英文 句子 译成中文对准确的理解英文很有好处。中学英语课本中的课文和一些英语名篇都可以作为精读的材料。泛读是中学生容易忽略的一种阅读方式。我带来了 高二英语 选修八的知识点解析，希望能帮助到你!
高二英语选修八的知识点解析1
Ⅰ.Hot words and hot phrases常用词与常用词组
1.Medical studies show that AIDS virus cannot be transmitted via the following routes：cups，glasses，toilet seats，swimming pools，mosquitoes，other insects or blood donation.(P.49)
2.AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body's immune system and leaves a person defenceless against infections and illness.(P.51)
3.People get AIDS after having been infected with the HIV virus.(P.51)
4.People transmit HIV by having unprotected sex，by receiving infected blood transfusions or，as in Xiaohua's case，through birth.(P.51)
5.Xiaohua's mother contracted the HIV virus when she was 28，and she died of AIDS only three years after Xiaohua was born.(P.51)
6.The disease is spreading faster in Africa and parts of Asia，mainly because of a lack of proper health care，prevention and education.(P.51)
7.The drugs that are available are much too expensive and difficult to find.(P.51)
8....but she does not let that knowledge discourage her.(P.51)
9.She also goes to visit other AIDS patients in hospitals across the country to support them and cheer them up.(P.51)
10.The disease is not the only thing that AIDS patients have to suffer from.(P.52)
11....that can persuade hospitals and companies to allocate more funds for AIDS research and education.(P.52)
12.Xiaohua has learnt to live with HIV and the fact she will eventually get AIDS.(P.52)
13.Two years ago，Dr Richards had asked me a great many questions and had taken samples of my blood.(P.55)
14.Mum held my hand and I saw that she was weeping.(P.55)
15.Cancer is a disease that begins in cells.(P.55)
16.In my body，the production of cells is disrupted.(P.55)
17.Doctors do know that cancer is not caused by injury and is not contagious—it does not spread from one person to another.(P.55)
18.The cancer in my body has been defeated for the moment.(P.55)
19.Living with cancer has made me realize how precious life is and how important it is for us to take every chance to live life to the fullest.(P.55)
20.Every day is a new opportunity and I have learnt to appreciate every minute of each day.
Ⅱ.Language points and grammar focus语言点和语法重点
A.Language points语言点
1.HIV/AIDS is incurable...(P.49)
AIDS is a disease that...leaves a person defenceless against infections and illness.(P.51)
本单元中由前缀或后缀派生出的 反义词 的小结
2.People get AIDS after having been infected with the HIV virus.(P.51)
完成时的动名词的被动式的内涵及用法
3.As with most diseases and disasters，the young suffer the most.
“定冠词 + 形容词/过去分词”表示“一类人”的用法的小结
4.I had been feeling sick for a long time and my mum had taken me to hospital to have me examined.(P.55)
1)过去完成进行时的内涵及用法
2)“to have + 宾语 + 过去分词”的两个内涵及用法
5.The treatment was successful and I was able to go home after exactly fourteen months，two days and six hours in hospital.(P.55)
was/were able to do与could do在内涵上的区别及各自的用法
6.I have been living with cancer for two years and...(P.55)
现在完成进行时的内涵及用法
Ⅲ.Skills of the four essential abilities：listening，speaking，reading and writing听、说、读、写四项基本能力的学习技巧
1.Listening：Master the main idea of a long dialogue through the inner connections among the questions so as to have better understanding of the questioned details
从各设问间的内在联系把握较长对话的中心思想，更好理解各检测点的细节
2.Speaking：Talk about deadly diseases and attitudes towards AIDS，cancer，etc.
关于那些致命疾病及对待艾滋病、癌症等的态度的谈论
3.Reading：Make full use of informational words and phrases
充分利用信息词
4.Writing：How to write a personal narrative
如何写一篇个人经历过的叙述性 故事
高二英语选修八的知识点解析2
1. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, ... you may want to try hiking. Instead和instead 0f的用法
2. Say "Hi" / "Hello" / "Thanks" to sb. (for me) 问候的句型
3. Is anybody seeing you off? 进行时表将来
4. She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet. (= keep struggling)
5. You should not go rafting unless you know... unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if... not
6. By staying at..., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds. 目的状语从句
7. She was so surprised that she couldn't move. 结果状语从句
8. Tree after tree went down, cut down by water. 过去分词作状语
9. The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. 现在分词作状语
10. However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. It didn't take long before the building was destroyed. before的用法
高二英语选修八的知识点解析3
1. cultural relics 文化 遗产
Many unearthed cultural relics were exhibited at the museum.
博物馆展出了许多出土文物。By definition the capital is the political and cultural center of a country. 根据定义,首都是一个国家的政治文化中心。
2. rare and valuable 珍贵稀有
It is rare to find such a genius nowadays.
这样的天才现在很少见。
The flaw in this vase makes it less valuable. 这个花瓶因为有点缺陷，不那么值钱了。
3. in search of 寻找，寻求 = in search for
He's sailed the seven seas in search of adventure. 他闯荡七大洋去历险.
He went to the south in search for a better future.他为了寻找更好的前途到南方去。
4. in the fancy style 以别致的风格 in … style/ in the style of ……以……风格
These clothes are too fancy for me, I prefer plainer ones. 这些衣服对我来说有些花哨，我还是喜欢素净些的。
5. popular
She is popular at school. 她在学校里很受人喜欢。
This dance is popular with young people. 这种舞很受青年人喜爱。
6. …a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make. 用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品，一批国家秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把它完成。
decorate with 以...装饰
7. be designed for …为……而设计
by design 故意地
My brother designs to be an engineer. 我弟弟立志要当工程师。
This room was originally designed to be my study. 这间屋子原预定做我的书房。
His parents designed him for the army, but he preferred the navy. 他父母打算要他当陆军，但是他却喜欢当海军。
8. belong to 属于
We belong to the same generation. 我们属于同代人。
9. in return 作为回报/报答/交换
in turn 依次地，轮流的;转而，反过来
10. a troop of 一群He is surrounded by a troop of friends. 他被一群朋友围住了。
11. become part of… 变成……的一部分
It is part of the way we act.
它是我们行为表现的一部分。
12. serve as
作为，用作，充当，起作用
The room can serve as a study. 这间房子可作书房用。
13. a small reception hall for important visitors 接待重要来宾的小型会客室。
14. Later，Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. 后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。
have sth done
请/让别人做某事，使得，蒙受某种损失
We had the machine repaired.
我们请人把机器修好了。
15. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. 1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。 ( I was never allowed to do things the way /that/ in which I wanted. 我从来不允许按照自己的想法去做事情。)
16. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is missing. 可悲的是，尽管琥珀屋被认为是世界上的一大奇迹之一，可是现在它却消失了。
I am considering going abroad. 我正在考虑 出国 。
I consider it a great honor.我认为这是极大的荣幸。
We consider that the driver is not to blame. 我们认为这不是司机的过错。
We consider it (to be ) true.=(We consider that it is true.) 我们认为这是真实的。
a couple of words missing 缺的两三个字
There is a page missing. 缺少一页。
Police are combing the woods for the missing children.警察搜遍树林以寻找失踪的孩子.
17. be at war 处于战争状态,交战
18. remove some furture and small art objects 把一些家具和小件艺术品搬走
He removed the mud from his shoes. 他去掉鞋上的泥。
This old table is a valuable piece of furniture. 这张旧桌子是一件很珍贵的家具。
19. in less than two days 在不到两天的时间里
20. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for… 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上了运往……的火车。
There is no doubt that she will keep her word.毫无疑问她会遵守诺言的.
There is no doubt that Taiwan belongs to China. 这是毫无疑问的,台湾属于中国。
There is no doubt that she is capable of the job.她能胜任这个工作,这是毫无疑问的.
21. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 从那以后，琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜。
it remains to be seen 尚待分晓
The fact remains to be proved.事实尚待证明?
remain in呆在家里 remain out呆在外面, 留在户外
These matters remain in doubt. 这些事情仍然值得怀疑
He's determined to remain loyal to the team whatever comes his way. 他决心不管发生什么事都忠于球队。
Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman. 彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是个渔民。
22. By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one. 通过研究琥珀屋原来的照片，他们建造的新琥珀屋样子和旧的看起来非常像。
23. One day he was looking in a second-hand furniture shop when he saw an amazing object among the many different vases and jewels. 一天，他正在一家二手家具商店查找，突然他在众多不同的花瓶和首饰中看见一个神奇的东西。
24. without doubt 无疑地，确实地
He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught.
他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的.
25. the UN peace-keeping force 联合国维和部队
26. The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and receiving it.
那位老人看见一些德国人把琥珀屋拆开搬走了。 take apart 拆卸，拆开
Take apart the pieces before putting the toys away. 玩具拿开前先将它拆成一件件的。
27. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. 在审讯中，法官必须确定哪些目击者可信哪些不可信。
28. rather than
胜于，而不是
Tom rather than Jack is to blame. 该受责备的是汤姆，而不是杰克。
I prefer to read rather than sit idle. 我宁愿读书而不愿闲坐着。
We aim at quality rather than quantity. 我们的目的是重质不重量。
29. by the light of the moom 借助于月光
30. for oneself 亲自，独自地
One should not live for oneself alone. 一个人不应只是为自已活着。
31. To my surprise the entrance to the mine was closed 使我感到惊奇的是矿口被封闭了。…….
32. I think highly of those who are searching for the Ambe Room. 我认为那些在找寻琥珀屋的人们很了不起。
33. Nor do I think they should give it to any government. 我也不认为他们会把它交给任何政府。
34. do with 处理，忍受，对付
I can't do with his insolence.
我忍受不了他那傲慢无礼的态度
What do they do with the coin?
他们是怎样处理这枚硬币的?
35. take notes of 记录，把……记下来
Please take notes of the important while you read. 请边读边把重要的事情记下来。
36. Read the information that is provided for the visitors. 阅读一下为参观者提供的信息。
They provide us with food. 他们供给我们食物。
We provided food for the hungry children. 我们为饥饿的孩子们提供食物。
It's wise to save some money and provide for the future. "积蓄点钱,为将来使用作些准备是明智的。"
He has a wife and seven children to provide for. 他需要赡养妻子和七个孩子。
37. It will not only give you a chance of practising your English but also of developing an interest in local history at the same time.它不仅给你了练习英语的机会而且在同时也给你了培养对当地历史感兴趣的机会。
38. for fun 为了消遣，为了开心
He plays violin just for fun.
他拉小提琴只是为了自娱自乐。
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狂想妄想不想
幸福不在知识之中，而在对知识的获取之中!在永远的获取中，我们永远被赐福;无所不知则是魔鬼的诅咒，下面我给大家分享一些高中英语选修八重点知识，希望能够帮助大家，欢迎阅读!
高中英语选修八重点知识1
①课内高频词汇
1.means (n.) 方法 ;手段→meaning (n.) 意思→mean (v.) 打算;意味→meaningful (adj.) 有意义的
2.boom (n.) (人口、贸易的)繁荣 (vi.) 处于迅速发展时期
3.majority (n.) 大多数;大半→major (adj.) 主要的 (v.) 主修→minority (n.) ( 反义词 ) 少数;少数民族→minor (adj.) 较小的;次要的
4.distinct (adj.) 清晰的;明显的;明确的→distinction (n.) 差别;区分;卓著
5.indicate (vt.) 指出;标示;表明;暗示→indication (n.) 象征;标示;表明;暗示
6.racial (adj.) 人种的;种族的→race (n.) 种族;比赛→racism (n.) 种族主义;种族歧视
7.elect (vt.) 选择;决定做某事;选举某人→election (n.) 选举
8.appear (v.) 看上去;出现→apparent (adj.) 显而易见的;显然的;表面上的→apparently (adv.) 显然地;显而易见地
9.applicant (n.) 申请人→apply (vi.) 申请→application (n.) 申请书 ;申请
10.society (n.) 社会→social (adj.) 社会的→socialism (n.) 社会主义→socialist (n.) 社会主义者
11.punish (vt.) 惩罚→punishment (n.) 惩罚
12.occur (vi.) 发生;出现→occurence (n.) 事件;发生的事→occurred (过去式/过去分词)
13.luggage (n.) 行李→( 近义词 )baggage (n.) 行李;超重行李
14.hire (vt.&n.)租用;雇用→(反义词)fire (vt.) 解雇
15.customs (n.) 海关;关税;进口税→custom (n.) 风俗;习惯 →customer (n.) 顾客;主顾
16.slip (vi.) 滑动;滑行;滑跤 (n.) 滑动;滑倒→slipper (n.) 拖鞋→slippery (adj.) 滑的
②重点 短语
1.by_means_of用……方法;借助……
2.keep_up 坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)
3.team_up_with 与……合作或一起工作
4.take_in 包括;吸收
5.live_on 继续存在
6.make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
7.apply_for 申请;请示得到
8.back_to_back 背靠背
9.mark_out 画线;标出……界线
10.a_great_many 许多
③课内重点句型汇总
1.it is likely that...“很可能……”
However, it_is_likely_that (很可能)Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
2.why引导的表语从句，表示“……的原因”
That_is_why(那就是为什么)today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
3.过去分词作原因状语(必修五学习过的重点内容，需要加强巩固)
People from different parts of the world, attracted_by (被吸引)the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California.
4.名词性从句作介词的宾语
Exactly when the first people arrived in what_we_now_know_as (我们现在称之为) California, no one really knows.
5.it作形式主语的主语从句
It_is_believed_that (人们认为)before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
高中英语选修八重点知识2
课内高频词汇
1.differ(vi.) 不同;相异→difference(n.) 不同;差异→different(adj.) 不同的
2.exact(adj.) 精确的;准确的→exactly(adv.) 精确地;准确地
3.undertake(vt.) 着手;从事;承担→undertook(过去式)→undertaken (过去分词)→undertaking (n.) 任务;项目;事业
4.regulation(n.) 规则;规章;法规→regular(adj.) 规则的;有规律的
5.cast(vt.) 扔;投;掷→cast(过去式/过去分词)
6.altogether(adv.) 总共;完全地
7.object(vi.) 反对;不赞成→objection(n.) 不赞成;反对;异议
8.moral(adj.) 道德(上)的;伦理的→morally(adv.) 道德上地;伦理上地
9.accumulate(vt. & vi.) 积累;聚积→accumulation(n.) 积累;聚积
10.assumption(n.) 假定;设想→assume(vt.) 假定;设想
11.shortly(adv.) 立刻;不久
12.retire(vi.) 退休;离开→retirement(n.) 退休，退职;退役→retired(adj.) 退休的; 离职 的
13.bother(vt.) 打扰(vi.) 操心(n.) 烦扰
14.resist(vt.) 抵抗;对抗→resistance(n.) 抵抗力;反抗→resistant(adj.) 有抵抗力的;耐……的
15.obtain(vt.) 获得;赢得→obtainable(adj.) 可获得的;可得到的
16.reason(n.) 理由;原因→reasonable(adj.) 合情理的;讲道理的;公道的→unreasonable(adj.) (反义词)不合情理的
17.fair(adj.) 公平的;适当的;合理的→fairness(n.) 公平→fairly(adv.) 公平地;相当地
02重点短语
1.pay_off得到好结果;取得成功;偿清
2.cast_down 沮丧;不愉快
3.have_a_great_impact_on 对……有重大影响
4.object_to 反对
5.in_favor_of 赞成;支持
6.owe..._to_ 把……归功于……
7.(be)_bound_to_(do) 一定或注定(做)……
8.strike...into_one's_heart 使……刻骨铭心
9.from_time_to_time 不时;偶尔
10.bring...back_to_life 使复生;使复活
11.in_vain 白费力气;枉费心机
12.in_good/poor_condition 状况很好(坏);情况很好(坏)
03课内重点句型汇总
1.while表对比关系，“然而;可是”
Cloning plants is straightforward while(然而)cloning animals is very complicated.
2.当now，then位于句首，谓语是come，appear等时，主句完全倒装。(小伙伴们记得去回顾一下必修五的倒装句)that引导同位语从句
Then_came(传来)the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.
3.Theadvantage is that...“其优点是……”，that引导表语从句
The_advantage_is_that(优点是)if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others willsurvive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.
4.based on...“建立在……的基础之上”，过去分词作状语
Based_on(建立在……基础之上)what we know now, you can not clone animals that have been extinct longer than10,000 years.
高中英语选修八重点知识3
课内高频词汇
1.distinguish(vi.&vt.) 显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别→distinguished(adj.)杰出的;著名的
2.passive(adj.) 被动的;消极的;被动语态的→activeadj.(反义词)积极的
3.seize(vt.) 抓住;捉住;夺
4.freezing(adj.) 冰冻的;严寒的→frozen(adj.) 冷冻的;结冰的
5.bear(vt.) 忍受;忍耐;负担→bore(过去式)→born (过去分词)
6.tap(vt.&vi.) 轻打;轻拍;轻敲(n.) 轻轻地敲击(声);(水)龙头
7.practical(adj.) 实际的;实践的;实用的→practise(v.) 练习→practice(n.) 练习，实践
8.merciful(adj.) 宽大的;仁慈的;慈悲的→mercy(n.)宽大;仁慈
9.convenient(adj.) 便利的;方便的;就近的→convenience(n.) 便利;方便→inconvenient(adj.) (反义词)不方便的;引起麻烦的
10.caution(n.) 小心;谨慎→cautious(adj.) 小心的;谨慎的→cautiously(adv.) 小心地;谨慎地
11.expectation(n.) 预料;期待;期望→expect(v.) 预料;期待;期望;认为→unexpected(adj.) 未预料到的
12.innocent(adj.) 清白的;无罪的;天真的→innocence(n.) 天真;清白
13.associate(vt.) 联想;联系(n.) 同伴;伙伴→association(n.) 协会;社团;联合;联想
14.current(n.)(水或气)流;电流(adj.)现在的;当前的→currently(adv.)现时;当前;普遍地→currency(n.)流行;通货;货币;通用
02
0
重点短语
1.call_up给……打电话
2.set_about 开始;着手
3.dive_into 迅速把手伸入;一心投入
4.set_out_(to_do) 开始(做)
5.get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过
6.now_and_then 偶尔;有时
7.hang_on 不挂断;紧紧握住;稍等
8.out_of_order 次序颠倒;发生故障
9.ring_back 回复电话
10.ring_off 挂断电话
课内重点句型汇总
1.thereseems to be...“好像有……”
Thefirst thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, butthere_only_seemed_to_be (看来只有)powders designed to kill snakes.
2.“only+状语从句”引起的倒装
Only_after_you_have_had_that_recognition(只有在已得到这种认可之后) can you say that you are truly an inventor.
3.nor...until...“直到……才……”
Nor_will_you_receive_a_patent_until(你才能获得专利，直到) a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.
4.It'sa matter of...“这是……的问题”
Nowit's_a_matter_of(只是)waiting and hoping.
5.everytime“每次……”引导时间状语从句
Every_time(每次)you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.
6.祈使句+and/or+陈述句
Follow_it_up(跟随它)，explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
高中英语选修八重点知识4
1课内高频词汇
1.outcome(n.) 结果;效果
2.remark(n.) 谈论;言论;评述(vt.&vi.) 谈论;评论;说起→remarkable(adj.) 显著的;引起注意的
3.betray(vt.) 显露出(本来面目);背叛→betrayal(n.) 背叛
4.shabby(adj.) 破旧的;寒酸的
5.acquaintance(n.) 相识;了解;熟人→acquaint(v.) 认识
6.status(n.) 身份;地位;职位→(形近词)statue(n.) 雕像
7.rob(vt.) 抢劫;盗窃;剥夺→robbery(n.) 抢劫(行为)
8.compromise(n.&vi.) 妥协;折衷→compromising(adj.)有失体面的;不宜泄露的
9.overlook(vt.) 俯视;忽视;不理会
10.fade(vi.&vt.) (使)褪色;减弱;逐渐消失
11.hesitate(vi.) 犹豫;踌躇→hesitation(n.) 犹豫;踌躇
12.fortune(n.) 机会;运气;大笔的钱→fortunate(adj.) 幸运的→fortunately(adv.) 幸运地;幸好
13.disgusting(adj.) 使人反感的;令人厌恶的→disgusted(adj.)感到厌恶的→disgust(vt.) 厌恶;嫌恶
14.classify(vt.) 分类;编排→classification(n.) 分类;编排→classified(adj.) 分类的;保密的
15.effective(adj.) 有效的→effect(n.) 效果;作用
16.horrible(adj.) 可怕的;恐怖的→horror(n.) 恐怖
17.uncomfortable(adj.) 不舒服的;不安的→uncomfortably(adv.) 不舒服地;不安地→comfort(n.) 舒适(vt.) 安慰→comfortable(adj.) (反义词)舒服的
18.extraordinary(adj.) 不同寻常的;非凡的→ordinary(adj.) 普通的;一般的
19.mistaken(adj.) (见解或判断上)错误的;不正确的→mistake(v.)弄错(n.) 错误
20.adaptation(n.) 适应(性);改编本→adapt(v.) 适应;改编
2重点短语
1.in_disguise伪装(的);假扮(的)
2.pass...off_as... (把某人)改变或冒充成……
3.make_one's_acquaintance 结识;与……相见
4.generally_speaking 一般来说
5.in_terms_of 就……来说;从……角度
6.rob_sb._of_sth. 抢劫某人某物
7.show...in 带或领……进来
8.once_more 再一次
9.in_need_of 需要……
10.fade_out (声音、画面)逐渐模糊;渐淡
11.in_amazement 震惊地;惊讶地
12.be_superior_to... 优于……
13.a_handful_of 一把;几个
14.shelter_from_rain 避雨
15.the_other_day 几天前;那一天
16.fancy_oneself 自以为是
3重点句型
1.“while/when+现在分词”作时间状语
While_watching(一边看),he makes notes.
2.“be of+抽象名词”表示具有(某种特征或属性)的
Willthat be_of_any_use (有用处)toyou?
3.what if句式，“如果……又怎么样呢”
What_if_I_was(如果我是又怎么样呢)?
4.every time 引导时间状语从句，“每当……的时候”
But they betray themselves every_time_they_open_their_mouths(每当张嘴的时候).
5.“once+过去分词”的省略结构
But,sir, (proudly) once_educated(一旦被 教育 )to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador's garden party.
6.形容词(短语)作状语
Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep_in_conversation(深入的交谈).
7.“if+had done，主句用would have done”表示对过去的虚拟(选修六的虚拟语气需要小伙伴自己去回顾)
I'd_never_have_come_if_I'd_known_about(如果我知道……我是不会来的)this disgusting thing you want me to do...
4单元语法 总结
复习过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义，此时相当于一个状语从句。
1.时间状语
When he was told his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.(用分词改写)
→Told his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.
2.原因状语
As they were encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
→Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
3.条件状语
If he is given another chance, he will do better.
→Given another chance, he will do better.
4.让步状语
Although he was laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
→Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
5.方式或伴随状语
She walked out of the house and she was followed by her little daughter.
→She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.
分词作状语有时可在前面加上when, while, if, once, though, unless等，以明确作何种状语。
Unless he is invited, he won't go to the party.
→Unless invited, he won't go to theparty.
当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，分词可以有自己独立的主语，二者构成独立主格结构。
When our homework was finished, we went home.
→Our homework finished, we went home.
高中英语选修八重点知识5
课内高频词汇
1.alternative(n.) 可能的选择(adj.) 供选择的;其他的
2.interrupt(vt.&vi.) 打断……讲话;打岔;暂时中断或中止
3.acute(adj.) 有观察力的;敏锐的;严重的;深刻的
4.assume(vt.) 假定;设想;承担→assumption(n.) 假定
5.significance(n.) 意义;意思;重要性;重要意义→significant(adj.) 重要的6.somehow(adv.) 以……方式;不知怎么地
7.delete(vt.) 删;删除
8.applaud(vi.&vt.) 鼓掌欢迎;赞赏→applause(n.) 鼓掌
9.accelerate(vi.&vt.) 加速;促进→acceleration(n.) 加速
10.arrest(vt.) 逮捕;吸引(n.) 逮捕;拘留→arresting(adj.) 引人注意的;很有吸引力的
11.starvation(n.) 挨饿;饿死→starve(vi.) 挨饿;饿死
12.accuracy(n.) 精确;准确→accurate(adj.) 准确的;精确的
13.messy(adj.) 凌乱的;脏的→mess(n.) 凌乱;脏
14.sharpen(vi.&vt.) (使)锋利;尖锐;清晰→sharp(adj.) 锋利的;尖锐的→sharpener(n.) 磨具;削具
15.division(n.) 分割;划分;分配;分界线→divide(vt.) 划分;隔开;分割
16.ripe(adj.) 成熟的→ripen(v.) 使……成熟;成熟
17.receptionist(n.) 接待员;招待员→receive(v.) 收到;接待→reception(n.) 接待处;欢迎
18.systematic(adj.)有系统的;有计划的;有条理的→system(n.)系统;体系19.analysis(n.) (pl.analyses)分析→analyse(vt.)分析;分解
2
重点短语
1.regardless_of不管;不顾
2.at_most 至多;最多
3.cut_up 切碎
4.be_fed_up_with 受够了;饱受;厌烦
5.look_ahead 向前看;为将来打算
6.date_back_to 追溯到……
7.arrest_sb._for... 因……而逮捕某人
8.with_relief 欣慰地;轻松地
9.be_proud_of 以……为骄傲
10.turn_to_sb._for_help 向某人求助
11.keep_out 阻止进入
12.have_no_alternative_but_to_do... 别无选择;只好……
3
重点句型
1.Itseems (to sb.) that...“(对某人来说)似乎……”
It_seems_that(看起来似乎) they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.
2.as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，意为“正如;正像”
Yes,indeed, as_the_botanical_analyses_have_shown_us(正如植物学的分析结果已经向我们展示的), all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.
3.if only 常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句，表示“要是……就好了”
If_only(要是……就好了)it could be just like last year!
4.“had+过去分词...when...”表示“刚刚……这时……”
She had_almost_reached (就要到达)her destination when(这时)a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.
5.only to do表示意想不到的或令人失望的结果，意思是“结果却……”
Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up (结果却被……搂了起来)by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.
单元语法总结
复习动词时态：现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间一直持续到现在或离现在不远的时间，其动作是否持续下去，则由上下文决定。
(1)叙述某一动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，仍在继续之中或刚刚停止。常与for,since, all morning/day/week等状语连用。
The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesn't someone answer it?
(2)表示重复的动作。有时现在完成进行时表示的动作并不是一直不停地进行，而是在断断续续的重复。
—We've spent too much money recently.
—Well,it isn't surprising. Our friends and relatives have been coming around all the time.
(3)表示“刚才、近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，此时一般通过上下文语境来判断。
She has been sweeping the street allday. She is too tired.
(4)带有浓重的感情色彩，强调持续了“那么久”或做得“那么辛苦”。
Oh,you've come at last! I have been waiting for you for two long hours.
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