犀牛望月0
介绍：
孔子（公元前551年9月28日―公元前479年4月11日） ，子姓， 孔氏，名丘，字仲尼，春秋末期鲁国陬邑（今山东曲阜）人，祖籍宋国栗邑（今河南夏邑），中国古代思想家、教育家，儒家学派创始人。他开创了私人讲学的风气，倡导仁、义、礼、智、信。
孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国前后达十三年，晚年修订六经即《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》《易》《春秋》。相传孔子曾问礼于老子，有弟子三千，其中贤人七十二。孔子去世后，其弟子及其再传弟子把孔子及其弟子的言行语录和思想记录下来，整理编成儒家经典《论语》。
Introduction:
Confucius (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC), Zi's surname, Confucius, Mingqiu, Zhongni, a member of Luguo Haoyi (now Qufu, Shandong Province) in the late Spring and Autumn Period, was born in Liyi,
Song Dynasty (now Xiayi, Henan Province), an ancient thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism. He initiated the atmosphere of private lectures and advocated benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith.
Confucius led some disciples around the world for thirteen years. In his later years, he revised the Six Classics: Poetry, Book, Ritual, Music, Yi, Spring and Autumn. According to legend,
Confucius once asked etiquette to Lao Tzu, with disciples three thousand, among whom seventy-two were sages. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their reincarnated disciples recorded the words,
deeds and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples and compiled them into the Confucian classic The Analects of Confucius.
扩展资料
人物生平
贵族出身
孔子的祖上是宋国栗邑（今河南夏邑）的贵族 ，先祖是商朝开国君主商汤。周初三监之乱后，为了安抚商朝的贵族及后裔，周公以周成王之命封商纣王的亲兄长微子启 于商丘建立宋国，奉殷商祀。微子启死后，其弟微仲即位，微仲是孔子的十五世祖。六世祖得孔氏，是为孔父嘉。
孔父嘉是宋国大夫，曾为大司马，封地位于宋国栗邑，后来在宫廷内乱中被太宰华督所杀。孔父嘉子木金父，木金父生孔防叔，孔防叔的孙子叔梁纥就是孔子的父亲，叔梁纥为避宋国战乱逃到鲁国的陬邑（今山东曲阜）定居，其官职为陬邑大夫。
圣人降世
叔梁纥的正妻施氏，生了九个女儿却没有一个儿子，小妾为他生了长子孟皮，孟皮有足疾，叔梁纥很不满意。于是叔梁纥请求颜氏让她三个女儿之中的一个立为妾，颜氏念叔梁年老且性情急躁，于是征求三个女儿的意见。长女和次女都不同意，只有小女儿颜徵在愿嫁叔梁纥。
颜徵在时年不满二十岁，而叔梁纥已经六十六岁，年龄相差悬殊，两人为婚于礼不合，夫妻在尼山居住并且怀孕，故谓之“野合”。孔子在鲁襄公二十二年十月 [10] （儒略历公元前551年；格里历公元前551年9月28日。关于孔子出生年月有两种记载，相差一年，一般依《史记·孔子世家》说。）申时于陬邑昌平乡诞生。
Paul Mauriat's History
Aristocracy
Confucius'ancestors were aristocrats of Liyi in Song Dynasty (Xiayi in Henan Province today). His ancestors were Shang Tang,
the founding monarch of Shang Dynasty. In order to appease the nobles and descendants of the Shang Dynasty after the three prison rebellions in the early Zhou Dynasty, the Duke of Zhou appointed King Zhou Chengwang to confer on Weiziqi, the elder brother of the Shang King,
to establish the Song Dynasty in Shangqiu and worship the Yin Shang Dynasty. After the death of the son, his brother Wei Zhong ascended the throne and Wei Zhong was Confucius's fifteen ancestor.
The sixth generation was born by Kong's father. Confucius Father Jia was a doctor of the Song Dynasty. He was once a master of the Song Dynasty. He was feuded in Liyi of the Song Dynasty.
Later, he was killed by the superintendent Huadu in the court civil strife. Father Confucius Jiazi Mu Jinfu, father Mu Jinfu, was born to Uncle Kong Fang. Uncle Liang Wan, grandson of Uncle Kong Fang,
was the father of Confucius. Uncle Liang Wan fled to Luyi (now Qufu, Shandong Province) to settle down in order to avoid the war of Song Dynasty. His official post was Doctor Wanyi.
The saints descended to the world
Shu Liangwan's wife, Shi Shi, had nine daughters but no son. The concubine gave birth to his eldest son, Mengpi, who had foot disease. Shu Liangwan was very dissatisfied. So Shulianghe asked Yan to let one of her three daughters be a concubine. Yan was very old and impatient,
so he asked for the advice of her three daughters. Both the eldest daughter and the second daughter disagreed. Only the younger daughter, Yan Zheng, was willing to marry uncle Liang.
Yan Zheng was under 20 years old at that time, while Shu Liangwan was 66 years old. There was a great difference in age. They were not married because of the incompatibility of etiquette. The couple lived in Nishan and became pregnant.
Confucius was in October [10] of the 22nd year of Luxiang Gong (551 B.C. in Julian calendar and 28 September 551 B.C.
in Gregorian calendar). There are two kinds of records about Confucius'birth date, one year apart. Generally speaking, according to the History of Confucius, Confucius Family. Shen was born in Pingxiang, Changyi.
参考资料：
百度百科-孔子
敏芳在上海
Confucius (551 B.C—479 B.C.) is one of the most famous Chinese people. As the founder of Confucianism1, his thought has exerted a deep influence on China and its people. But Confucius was not his real name. It was a courtesy title, a Latinized form of “Kong Fuzi”, meaning “Master Kong”. His family name was Kong and his given name, Qiu. And he styled himself Zhongni. He was born at Zouyi, the State of Lu。
快乐的森蝶
孔子的英语简介是：
1、英语简介：
Confucius, with the surname of Zi, the surname of Kong, the name of Qiu, and the character of Zhongni, is a native of Zuoyi in the state of Lu. His ancestral home is Liyi in the state of song. He is an ancient Chinese thinker, politician and educator, the founder of Confucianism, and "Dacheng supreme sage".
Confucius created the style of private lectures and advocated benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith.
There are three thousand disciples, including seventy-two sages. He led some of his disciples around the world for 14 years and revised the six classics in his later years poetry, book, ceremony, music, changes and spring and Autumn.
After his death, his disciples and his disciples recorded the words, deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled them into the Analects of Confucius. The book is regarded as a Confucian classic.
2、中文翻译：
孔子，子姓，孔氏，名丘，字仲尼，鲁国陬邑人，祖籍宋国栗邑，中国古代思想家、政治家、教育家，儒家学派创始人、“大成至圣先师”。
孔子开创私人讲学之风，倡导仁义礼智信。有弟子三千，其中贤人七十二。曾带领部分弟子周游列国十四年，晚年修订六经（《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》《易》《春秋》）。去世后，其弟子及再传弟子把孔子及其弟子的言行语录和思想记录下来，整理编成《论语》。该书被奉为儒家经典。
成就：
孔子创立了以仁为核心的道德学说，他自己也是一个很善良的人，富有同情心，乐于助人，待人真诚、宽厚。“己所不欲，勿施于人”、“君子成人之美，不成人之恶”、“躬自厚而薄责于人”等等，都是他的做人准则。
“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”这是孔子对自己一生各阶段的总结。
风风一样的自由
Confucius (September 28, 551 B. C. ~ April 11, 479 B. C.) was born in Chou, Lu (now Qufu City, Shandong Province). His surname was Kong. His given name was Qiu and his courtesy name was Zhongni.
His ancestral home was Li Yi of Song Dynasty (xiayi County, Henan Province). He was a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism.
孔子（公元前551年9月28日～公元前479年4月11日），子姓，孔氏，名丘，字仲尼，鲁国陬邑（今山东省曲阜市）人。
祖籍宋国栗邑（今河南省夏邑县），中国古代伟大的思想家、教育家，儒家学派创始人。
教育思想
孔子在中国历史上最早提出人的天赋素质相近，个性差异主要是因为后天教育与社会环境影响（“性相近也，习相远也”）。
因而人人都可能受教育，人人都应该受教育。他提倡“有教无类”，创办私学，广招学生，打破了奴隶主贵族对学校教育的垄断，把受教育的范围扩大到平民，顺应了当时社会发展的趋势。
食客小蒲
Confucius (born Kong Qiu,styled Zhong Ni) was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu in 551 B.C.,a poor descendant of a deposed noble family.As a child,he held make-believe temple rituals; as a young adult,he quickly earned a reputation for fairness,politeness and love of learning,and he was reputed to be quite tall.He traveled extensively and studied at the imperial capital,Zhou,where he is said to have met and spoke with Lao Zi,the founder of Daoism. Upon his return to Lu,he gained renown as a teacher,but when he was 35,Duke Zhao of Lu led his country to war,was routed and fled to the neighboring country of Qi; in the disorder following the battle,Confucius followed.Duke Zhao frequently came to him for advice,but upon counsel of one of his ministers,he decided against granting land to Confucius and gradually stopped seeking his counsel.When other nobles began plotting against Confucius' position,Duke Zhao refused to intervene,and Confucius returned to Lu.But conditions there were no better than before,and Confucius retired from public life to concentrate on teaching and studying. At age 50,he was approached by the Baron of Qi to help defend against a rebellion,but he declined.He was later made a city magistrate by the new Duke of Lu,and under his administration the city flourished; he was promoted several times,eventually becoming Grand Secretary of Justice and,at age 56,Chief Minister of Lu.Neighboring countries began to worry that Lu would become too powerful,and they sent messengers with gifts and dancers to distract the duke during a sacrifice holiday.When the duke abandoned his duties to receive the messengers,Confucius resigned and left the country. Confucius spent the next five years wandering China with his disciples,finding that his presence at royal courts was rarely tolerated for long before nobles would begin plotting to drive him out or have him killed.He was arrested once and jailed for five days,and at 62 he was pursued,along with his disciples,into the countryside by a band of soldiers sent by jealous nobles,until he was able to send a messenger to the sympathetic king of a nearby country,who sent his own soldiers to rescue them.Once again,Confucius was to be given land but was denied it upon counsel of another high minister.After further wanderings,he eventually returned to Lu at age 67.Although he was welcomed there and chose to remain,he was not offered public office again,nor did he seek it.Instead he spent the rest of his years teaching and,finally,writing.He died at 72. 孔子(名秋 字仲尼)生于鲁国邹村在我国公元前551年,元老废黜了一个贫苦家庭高贵.作为一个孩子,他认为地以为庙祭; 作为一个年轻的成年人,他很快赢得美誉公平、 礼貌、爱学习,他被誉为是相当高大.他走遍了研究和广泛的帝国首都周 据说他曾与交谈老子,道家创始人.返回卢,他赢得声威当老师,但是当他35岁 赵吕公爵率领乌加战争是落花流水逃往邻国齐; 在混乱的战斗后,孔子之后.杜克赵常找他请教,但他的一名律师在部长会议 他决定对孔子逐渐停止批地给他的律师求.当其他贵族开始密谋对付孔子地位杜克赵拒绝介入,孔子返鲁.但没有任何条件比以前更好、离退休孔子退隐专心教学和学习.50岁时,他遇见了男爵齐协防打击叛乱,但他拒绝.他后来被新县长作了一个城市格洛斯特路 而在他主政全市蓬勃开展; 升任几次,终于成为大政司司长,年仅56岁,首席部长鲁.周边国家开始担心,将成为卢太强大 送信、送礼物、跳舞,他们分散在公爵牺牲假期.当公爵遗弃职务领取送信,孔子辞职,离开该国.未来5年内花费孔子与弟子中徘徊,法院认定他出席皇家贵族很少容忍多久便开始密谋把他或他杀死.他被捕入狱后五天,他是在62追求,随着他的弟子,到郊外一阶士兵发出嫉妒贵族,直到他能够体谅国王派遣使者到邻近的国家,当年送自己的士兵拯救.再次,孔子得到它的土地,但遭到拒绝后,高律师另一个大臣.进一步漫游后,他终于回到鲁年仅67.虽然他并没有选择留欢迎,他没有向公职再次 他也不求.而他花了他多年的教学和休息,最后写作.他死在72.
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