进出口流程英文

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从签订外销合同，到租船订舱、检验、产地证、保险、送货、报关、装船出口，直至押汇(或托收)、交单、结汇、核销、退税，是每笔进出口业务必经的过程。SimTrade外贸实习平台模拟了进出口业务中最常用的结算方式(L/C、T/T、D/P或D/A)和贸易术语(FOB、CFR、CIF)。下面以CIF下的L/C方式为例，分别列出SimTrade环境里，出口地银行、出口商、进口商、进口地银行的进出口合同履约过程，便于使用者理解和实践。 一、推销 进出口商要将产品打进国际市场，必须先开拓市场，寻找合适的交易对象。可以通过寄送业务推广函电(Sale Letter)或在计算机网络、国外杂志、报刊上刊登产品广告来推销自己，同时也可通过参加商展、实地到国外考察等途径来寻找交易对象，增进贸易机会。 二、询盘 又称为询价。进口商收到出口商的业务推广函电或看到广告后，根据自己的需要，对有意进一步洽商的出口商予以询盘(Inquiry)，以期达成交易。 三、发盘 又称为报价。出口商按买主来函要求，先向供货的工厂询盘，然后计算出口报价回函给进口商。这期间可能需要函电多次往返接洽，最后得到关于价格条款的一致意见。 四、签订合同 国外买主与出口商经一番讨价还价后，就各项交易条件达成一致，正式签订外销合同(Contract或Agreement)。 在SimTrade中，外销合同可以由出口商起草，也可以由进口商起草，注意起草与确认合同时双方都需填写预算表。五、领核销单 为保证企业严格按照正常贸易活动的外汇需要来使用外汇，杜绝各种形式的套汇、逃汇、骗汇等违法犯罪行为，我国规定企业对外付汇要通过国家审核，实行进口付汇核销制度。采用信用证结算方式时，进口商须在开证前到外汇指定银行领取《贸易进口付汇核销单(代申报单)》，凭以办理进口付汇手续；其他结算方式下则在付款前领此单。 六、申请开信用证 进口商填妥付汇核销单后，再开具《不可撤销信用证开证申请书》(Irrevocable Documentary Credit Application)，向其有往来的外汇银行申请开立信用证。 七、开信用证 开证银行接受申请并根据申请书开立信用证(Letter of Credit；L/C)，经返还进口商确认后，将信用证寄给出口地银行(在出口国称通知银行)，请其代为转送给出口商。 八、通知信用证 出口地银行填妥《信用证通知书》(Notification of Documentary Credit)，将信用证通知出口商。 九、接受信用证 出口商收到通知银行送来的信用证后，经审核无误，接受信用证，即可开始备货、装船等事宜。如信用证有误，可要求进口商修改。 十、指定船公司 在CIF或CFR术语下，出口商一边备货，一边还要寻找合适的船公司，以提前做好装运准备；在FOB术语下，此步骤则应由进口商完成。 十一、订舱 确定好船公司后，出口商即应根据相应的船期，配合装运期限进行订舱，经船公司接受后发给配舱通知，凭以填制其他单据，办理出口报关及装运手续。 十二、申请检验 出口商根据信用证的规定填写《出境货物报检单》(Application for Certificate of Export Inspection)，并备齐商业发票、装箱单等相关文件向出入境检验检疫局申请出口检验。 十三、取得检验证明 检验机构经对商品检验合格后，签发《出境货物通关单》；并根据出口商的要求，签发相应的商检证书，如品质证书、健康证书等。 十四、申请产地证 出口商填妥相应的产地证明书向相关单位申请签发，其中《原产地证明书》(Certificate of Origin)与《普惠制产地证明书》(Generalized System of Preferences Certificate of Origin “Form A”)应向出入境检验检疫局申请，而《输欧盟纺织品产地证》则应向商务部授权的纺织品出口证书发证机构(图上未标出)申请。 十五、签发产地证 相关机构经过审核，根据出口商的申请，签发相应的产地证书。 十六、办理保险 在CIF术语下，保险由出口商办理，出口商须根据信用证的规定填写《货物运输保险投保单》(Cargo Transportation Insurance Application)，并附商业发票向保险公司投保。 注意：交易条件如是CIF，保险才由出口商办理；若是FOB或CFR，则应由进口商办理保险。 十七、取得保险单 保险公司承保后，签发《货物运输保险单》(Cargo Transportation Insurance Policy)给出口商根据个人操作L/C过程中，常见的几个问题及注意事项，提醒大家：1.买卖双方签订合同（ Payment Terms: 100% L/C At Sight)。2.买方（客户方）根据合同去当地银行（开证行）去申请开立信用证，（买方在信用证中称作“申请人”），买方在开立信用证后，把L/C Draft通过Email 传给卖方（信用证的受益人）让卖方审核。3. 卖方审核L/C中各个条款没问题后，以Email形式告知客户开立L/C正本; 等到卖方所在地银行（通知行）受到信用证后，会审核该L/C各项条款，以避免软条款出现，对卖方造成不必要的损失；通知行审核L/C没问题后，就以电话的方式通知卖方：从某某国家开来一个信用证，让什么时间去银行拿L/C正本去。备注：银行通知卖方不是免费的，会有200元的通知费。（如果卖方公司账户上有钱，银行会直接从账户上扣除相应的费用；否则，拿到正本之前，先去银行柜台缴纳相应的费用。）4. 卖方拿到L/C正本后，根据L/C规定条款，准备相应单据（Commercial Invoice, Packing List, B/L, Insurance Certificate, Certificate of Origin and etc)、抓紧备货、订舱。备注：找货运代理订舱时，务必要仔细看L/C规定相应条款中：是否允许分批装运、是否允许转船等相关条款。5. 在开船前后，B/L、Insurance Certificate、 Certificate of Origin等OK件就出来了，此时如果卖方对单据不放心，可以拿着L/C中规定的单据去一下银行（通知行），让银行工作人员先审核一下单据这样活着那样做是否符合L/C中相应条款规定；工作人员通常都会告知卖方做单据时有哪些注意事项，卖方要一一记清楚，按银行工作人员告知的做单据即可。6. 卖方拿到L/C规定的所有单据正本后，要在信用证规定的交单期内同时也要在信用证有效期内，去银行交单，从银行交单回来后，通过Email要及时告知买方（开证申请人）什么时间已去银行交单；银行（通知行）会根据实际情况，尽快审核单据，单据没问题后，银行工作人员会告知卖方（信用证受益人）单据审核情况并及时把单据通过国际快递（通常情况下用DHL）快递给卖方所在地银行（开证行）。备注：去银行交单前，先看一下公司账户上是否有富余的资金，快递单据给开证行的快递费和审核单据的审核费会从公司账户上扣除的；否则，需要在银行柜台前缴纳相应的费用，以保证单据顺利寄出；买方会给卖方索取快递单据的运单号，此时，卖方需从银行（通知行）得知运单号后，及时通过Email告知买方。7. 开证行收到通知行寄出的单据后，会通知买方（开证申请人）；开证行审核单据没问题后，会让买方付款赎单，买方拿到所有单据后，等待货物到港清关；同时货款通过银行之间SWIFT系统，直接到通知行，等卖方所在地银行（通知行）收到货款，会以电话形式通知卖方货款收到，让卖方去银行及时结汇。8. 等卖方收到货款后，卖方通过Email方式告知买方收到货款。L/C操作结束。Note: 1. 审核信用证条款时注意事项：信用证开立日期、最迟开船日、信用证有效期和有效地点、信用证金额、是否At Sight、 是否允许转船、是否允许分批装运、信用证规定的单据是否可以满足、交单期多长（如果没有明确规定交单期，通常情况下是21天）等。2. 审核L/C规定单据时注意事项：Commercial Invoice 是否需要签字、Bill of Lading是否有特殊要求、Insurance Certificate几式几份、是否需要背书、单据上是否要显示L/C No.和 Invoice No. 、L/C规定的单据需要几份、附加条款中对单据是否有额外的规定。

prepare relative documents after order confirmed ,contact with all departments and communicate with themto make sure the products can be delivered on time. Export trade processes 1. Receipt of order: XX Trade Company after the receipt of customer orders, customer orders should be translated into orders for the company; 2. Orders review: XX Company Trade Department is responsible for organizing the company, products, goods seized and the Department of the Ministry staff to carry out assessment of customer orders, the main assessment of issues, including product features and quality requirements, production capacity, packaging requirements and delivery dates; 3. The signing of sales contract: XX Trade Company in accordance with orders for the production of a sales contract offer, signed and sealed by the customer return the first, and then signed by the company official seal; 4. The preparation of export plans: XX company produces according to the Ministry of Trade, the preparation of the production plan the development of export plans, the production department if the change in production plans, the company shall promptly notify the Ministry of Trade, Ministry of Trade in order to communicate with customers in time to change the situation of the export plan; 5. Order Tracking: XX company after the Ministry of Trade in the preparation of export plans, the need to actively track the production status of the production sector to ensure that the goods on time and accurately issued. If you have not delivered on time and situation, should be timely feedback to the customer information and make adjustments; 6. Set position: Production in communication with the company to confirm the delivery date, the Ministry of Trade should be delivered 5 days before the date of the quantity of goods in accordance with accounting as well as the volume of production orders set position and go to Room Department of trade arrangements for planning positions preparation issues. If we set positions, the need to delay shipment 2 days before the date of notice to plan accordingly Room freight forwarding and trade related issues arranged in a timely manner (such as write-off single, Deputy Customs power of attorney, such as通关单preparation and handling, etc.). Under normal circumstances, will be divided into the following positions to two situations: a) the designated agent: general provisions applicable to FOB price as well as some of the goods under the terms of CIF. If the designated agent, the Ministry of Trade will take XX companies communicate with customers in advance to confirm the designated agent for more information and to the planning room to the record trade statistics; b) Since the order on behalf of: generally applicable to the goods under the terms of CIF price. Cargo Room planning by the Trade and services based on market prices, choice, trade planning room XX responsible for notifying the company they selected the specific circumstances of freight forwarding; 7. Cargo shipment: XX Trade Company as set out in accordance with the container size and cargo tray arranged list of the actual situation and the implementation of the production department to the list. Production tray in the process of scheduling issues to be found in time to communicate with the trade reform. Pre-delivery, the Ministry of Trade to be the production of single-ship, from XX company signed inventory of stock to the warehouse manager. Inspection of goods for export, the trade needs to be prepared in advance corresponding inspection products packing list, invoices and contracts for the exports of goods before customs通关单for good; 8. Declaration: XX Trade Company prepared in accordance with the actual number of shipments, prepare declarations, according to (invoices, packing lists, declarations, etc.) to the trade after the planning room, stamping company declaration Chapter XX, chapter business, after the reunification of the signature s declaration; 9. Invoicing: Upon completion of the declaration, XX Trade Company will be stamped invoice to the customs officers opened the company's financial sales uniform invoice exports; 10. Negotiation information ready: After the shipment, XX Trade Company in accordance with the relevant data, as well as customer request for confirmation of the bill of lading and preparing customer bills of lading, certificate of origin, invoices, packing list, weight list, and other related insurance policy you pay information; 11. To pay a single: Trade is responsible for the planning room collected all negotiation documents, unified audit will be paid in accordance with the terms and requirements will be sent to the Stock Exchange or banks to pay a single; 12. Receivables: In accordance with the terms of the sales contract and the payment period, XX Trade Company should be paid to track the recovery situation in a timely manner to ensure the effective functioning of the follow-up. Rooms such as the time of payment not provided for timely reporting of the company in charge of the Ministry of Trade to be superior; 13. Write-off: trade, exports of goods in the planning room, are responsible for follow-up inquiries, the single-port electronic information, declarations and pay back to a single work, and electronic information points, as well as joint declaration of the export tax rebate to the company's financial Room XX prepare for refund procedures. In accordance with relevant state law, the company returned a single period of the general declaration for 3 months. XX Trade Company, and retired in accordance with single-back situation, the system will be in the write-off write-off of data related to the trade after the match into the planning room to write off procedures for foreign exchange bureau, the company is generally to write off period of 3-6 months; 14. Refund: written off after the completion of trade responsible for the planning room to write off a single export dedicated joint export tax rebate to the XX company's financial room for a tax rebate, exports of goods to complete the whole process.

INQUIRY（询盘） ——OFFER（发盘）——COUNTER-OFFER（还盘）——ACCEPTANCE（接受）。这是一般的程序，然后根据不同的交货方式，例如FOB，CIF，有不同的流程细节。