Nuannuan暖
ou know. Not to be outdone, in SE1 Tate Modern has a wonderful installation by Juan Munoz. At the launch of this year's Turner prize show, a disgruntled painter suggested that the ice cream van that parks outside the Tate should have been shortlisted. This is a particularly stupid idea. Where would we get our ice creams from then? What we need is the answer to three simple questions. What is installation art? Why has it become so ubiquitous? And why is it so bloody irritating? First question first. What are installations? "Installations," answers the Thames and Hudson Dictionary of Art and Artists with misplaced self-confidence, "only exist as long as they are installed." Thanks for that. This presumably means that if the ice cream van man took the handbrake off his installation Van No1, it wouldn't be an installation any more. The dictionary continues more promisingly: installations are "multi-media, multi-dimensional and multi-form works which are created temporarily for a particular space or site either outdoors or indoors, in a museum or gallery." As a first stab at a definition, this isn't bad. It rules out paintings, sculptures, frescoes and other intuitively non-installational artworks. It also says that anything can be an installation so long as it has art status conferred on it (your flashing bulb is not art because it hasn't got the nod from the gallery, so don't bother writing a "funny" letter to the paper suggesting it is). The important question is not "what is art?" but "when is art?" The only problem is that this definition also leaves out some very good installations. Consider Richard Wilson's 20:50. It consists of a lake of sump oil that uncannily reflects the ceiling of the gallery. Spectators penetrate this lake by walking along an enclosed jetty whose waist-high walls hold the oil at bay. This 1987 work was originally set up in Matt's Gallery in east London, through whose windows one could see a bleak pos
Candy526368302
（1）合同中被取消的项目，如果因此对卖方所产生的费用，另加10% 的总额是低于合同总价的20%，买方将向卖方支付合同总价的20%。（2）合同中被取消的项目，如果因此对卖方所产生的费用，另加10% 的总额是高于合同总价的20%，买方将向卖方只支付卖方所产生的费用，另加10% 的总额。
Luck丶美人蕉
Since joining the WTO China has become increasingly frequent overseas business contracts. Foreign business dealings, contracts are being used in English, the English language commercial contracts for its strict requirements, emphasizing the wording of accurate, well-structured, format specifications. Therefore, to grasp the special nature of the contract language on an accurate understanding of the drafting, translation of the contract is critical. In this paper, vocabulary, syntax analysis of both the linguistic features of English commercial contract, a contract to explore and summarize some of the basic English, English-Chinese translation skills.Sub-divided into three body parts: The first part describes the vocabulary of English contract translation translation skills, respectively, from specialized vocabulary, acronyms, time, words such as words and the amount of four areas in detail.The second part describes the syntax of English contract translation skills, but also from passive sentences, negative sentences, long sentences and commonly used words such as four separately.The third part of the contract from the English translation on the other hand start with an overview of the characteristics of the contract translated.Finally, the English translation skills and characteristics of the contract were summarized in this paper aims to inform readers are familiar with after the contract translation skills and improve efficiency.
麦麦舞雨
China has since joining WTO, foreign business contract increasingly frequent. Foreign business contacts in the contract is mainly used in the contract, and the language of business English has strict request, emphasize the wording exactly, rigorous and format. Therefore, grasp the particularity of contract language translation contract drafting, accurate understanding is critical. From the two aspects of vocabulary, syntax analysis of business English language features, contract and contract of English translation of inductive some basic skills.Text is divided into three main points: the first part introduces the most in the translation of English vocabulary contract from professional translation, respectively, acronym vocabulary words and amount, this paper from four aspects such as detailed instructions.The second part describes the syntactic skills in English translation, from passive sentences, negative sentences, words and sentences four aspects empiric each break.The third part of translation from English contract, on the other hand, shows the characteristics of the contract.Finally, the English translation of the contract and its characteristics, this paper aims to inform a summary of the contract after the reader with skills in translation, and improve efficiency.
静夜玄霜
英文合同必备词汇
如果你想要到外企工作，那么一些合同专业英语术语是必须要掌握的，以下是我跟大家分享英文合同必备词汇，希望对大家能有所帮助！
先看看几个例句：
This contract is made this 19th of February,2014 by WFX Corporation (hereinafter referred to as "Sellers"）who agree to sell and HK Corporation (hereinafter referred to as "Buyers"), who agree to buy the following goods on the terms and conditions as below.
本合同由WFX公司（以下简称"卖方"）与HK公司（以下简称"买方"）于2014年2月19日订立，双方同意按下述条件买卖下列货物。
The deposit paid by the Buyers shall not be refunded if the Buyers fail to make full payment within the time herein specified and the Buyers shall be liable for all losses incurred therefrom to the Sellers.
如果买方在规定的时间内未付清货款，买方的保证金将不予退还，而且买方应承担卖方由此产生的一切损失。
在翻译古体词的时候，应根据本意及上下文灵活掌握释义。例如在此例中， herein可以不必译出。或采用汉语的文言词例如"兹"、"之"、"鉴于"、"特"等进行翻译。
IN WITNESSTH WHEREOF the parties hereto have executed this Contract by their authorized representatives as of the date first above written.
兹特由双方授权的代表，于上述首开日期签署本合同为据。
此例中的"IN WITNESSTH WHEREOF"意思是"作为协议事项的.证据"，是格式化的合同语言，类似采用大写形式的还有：IN CONSIDERATION OF(考虑到，以为约因）、WHEREAS (鉴于）、IN THE PRESENCE OF (见证人）、NOWTHEREFORE(特此、兹特）、NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS(兹特立约为据）。
当然，类似这样运用大量"古体词"的句子在任何一本英文合同里都可以找出上百句来。于是我们整理了这么一个列表，如果将下述词汇全都理解透，相信各位一定会对法律英语有进一步的了解，至少能更顺利地阅读法律文本。
1. hereafter
after this in sequence or in time, in some future time or state（此后，以下）
例句：
Both parties must agree to the terms specified hereunder.
双方均须同意以下条款。
2. hereby
by this means（以此方式，以此，特此）
例句：
I hereby acknowledge receipt of your letter of 25 July.
特此告知贵方7月25日的来函收悉。
3. herefrom
from this fact or statement（由此，从此）
例句：
The organization, XXXX, will be liable for any economic and legal liability incurred herefrom.
XXX一方将承担由此产生的一切经济和法律责任。
4. herein
in this document（此中，于此，在此文件中）
例句：
The statements and views expressed herein are those of the author and are not necessarily those of the Wilson Centre.
本书中的陈述和观点为作者个人意见，不一定代表威尔逊中心的看法。
5. hereinabove
at a prior point in this writing or document（前文，上文）
例句：
Any tax or duty other than those described hereinabove, if any, be borne by the Buyer.
除上述的税务和关税外,如果产生其他的税务和关税, 应有买方负担。
6. hereinafter
in the following part of this writing or document（在下文）
例句：
These territories are hereinafter referred to as trust territories.
此项领土以下简称“托管领土”。
7. hereinbefore
in the preceding part of this writing or document（在上文）
例句：
The hereinbefore is authentic and assures our business activities are legal.
以上所填内容属实,保证所从事的经济活动符合法律法规。
8. hereof
of this（就此，关于此）
例句：
The amount of each drawing must be endorsed on reverse hereof.
每笔汇票金额必须在信用证背面给予签注。
9. hereto
to this writing or document（对此，至此）
例句：
The Parties hereto reach an agreement in writing.
双方达成书面协议。
10. hereunder
under or in accordance with this writing or document（在下面，在下文）
例句：
Please quote us your lowest price for the items listed hereunder.
请报下列商品的最低价。
11. herewith
with this communication;enclosed in this（同此，随信附上）
例句：
Please find two samples enclosed herewith.
寄上样品两种，请查收。
12. thereafter
after that（此后，后来）
例句：
The commitment fee shall quarterly be paid from the date in the third month thereafter to the earlier day of the Disbursement Date and the Termination Date.
从其后第3个月的该日起开始按季支付承诺费至发放日与终止日中较早之日。
13. therein
in or into that place,time,or thing（在那里，在其中）
例句：
A certificate of the Borrower shall, substantially, comply with the form set forth in Appendix 4, and the attachments specified therein.
借款人证明书，其格式基本上应遵照附录4及其附件规定的格式。
14. thereinafter
in the following part of that matter (as writing, document, or speech)（在下文）
例句：
All expenses and risks thereinafter shall be borne by your side.
此后一切所发生的风险和费用由你方承担。
15. thereof
of that（在其中）
例句：
When the Buyer is entitled to determine the time within a specified period and /or the place of taking delivery, the Buyer in question shall give the Seller the notice thereof.
买方有权确定在规定期限内提取货物的时间和/或地点时，应将有关信息通知卖方。
16. thereto
to that（此外，在其上）
例句：
The parties thereto shall, in good faith, comply with the decision and award of the arbitration tribunal.
双方须以良好诚信的态度遵守仲裁庭的决定。
17. thereunder
under that part of a contract（在其下，按规定条款）
例句：
The Borrower fails to pay amount payable thereunder as amount shall become payable.
借款人未能支付根据该协议规定到期应付的款项。
18. therewith
with that（与此）
例句：
I therewith withdraw my complaints.
我同时撤回我的投诉。
19. whereby
by which（凭此，由此）
例句：
They voted to accept a deal whereby the union will receive nearly three-quarters of a million pounds from the International Miners Organisation.
他们表决同意了一项协议，根据这一协议工会将从国际矿工组织得到近75万英镑。
20. wherein
in which（在那方面）
例句：
Adequate housing is possible in developed, mixed economies wherein the interests of the poor have prevailed.
在发达的混合经济体中，充足的房源供给是可能的，在那里贫困阶层的利益较有保障。
21. whereof
of which（其中，有关的）
例句：
A contract made by an urban council, whereof the value and amount exceed X50, must be under seal, and certain other formalities must be observed.
由市政厅签署的合同，若其中涉及的金额和数量超过50倍，则须盖章并履行其他手续。
霏霏头头
合同本身就是一种很严谨的文体，特别是对于合同翻译，更是需要考虑很多细节。拥有十二年外贸翻译经验的麓院翻译总结出商务合同翻译的三个要点。1、酌情使用公文语惯用副词商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语惯用副词通常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。麓院翻译，合同翻译专家！2、谨慎选用极易混淆的词语英译商务合同时，常常由于选词不当而致词不达意或者意思模棱两可，有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。因此了解与掌握极易混淆的词语的区别是极为重要的，是提高英译质量的关键因素之一，现把常用且易混淆的七对词语，用典型实例论述如下。3、慎重处理合同的关键细目实践证明，英译合同中容易出现差错的地方，一般来说，不是大的陈述性条款。而恰恰是一些关键的细目。比如：金钱、时间、数量等。为了避免出差错，在英译合同时，常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。
