梦叶草2011
语态是动词的一种形式，它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。 英语有两种语态， 主动语态和被动语态， 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。例如： I have repaired the radio. 我修好了收音机。 The radio has been repaired. 收音机被修好了。 The students cleaned the classroom. 学生们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by the students. 教室被学生们打扫了。 被动语态的构成： be + 过去分词 A building was damaged by the storm. 暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。 Our plate was made in China. 我们的盘子是中国生产的。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被盗了。 常用的被动语态的时态变化如下，以 ask 为例： 一般 进行 完成 现在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked 过去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked 将来I shall be asked, I shall have been asked 过去将来I shall be asked 被动语态的疑问句是把助动词提前到句首。 Has your TV set been repaired? 你的电视机修了吗？ Was the kite broken? 风筝破了吗？ Has the work been done? 工作结束了吗？ 被动语态的否定式是在助动词后面加 not. The letter has not been sent out. 信还没有发出去。 The little boy has not been found out. 小孩还没有找到。 The cap has not been mended yet. 帽子还没有补好。 Their money has not been sent to them. 他们的钱还没有送到他们手中。 被动语态的用法： 被动语态表示一种主语和谓语之间的关系，当主语是动作的承受者时， 就需要用到被动语态，汉语中所说的，“汽车被撞坏了”“钢笔被修好了” 等句子就是一种被动语态的句子，在汉语中常用“被”“由”等词来表示这种被动语态。在英语中则用动词的被动语态形式来表示。被动语态中还可用 by 短语加在句后表示被动语态中动作的发出者。也就是谓语动词动作的逻辑上的主语，被动语态常用在下列情况。 1) 不知道谁是谓语动词动作的执行者时，或者没有必要说出谁是执行者时。 The glass was broken last night. 玻璃昨天被打破了。 His bike has been stolen. 他的自行车被偷了。 He was asked to go there once more. 他被要求再去那儿一次。 The bag was put into the box. 袋子放在了箱子里。 2) 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。 The plan has been sent to the headmaster. 计划已经送给校长了。 Kilinton was elected the President of U.S.A. 克林顿被选为美国总统。 Five people were hurt in the explosion. 五个人在这次爆炸中受伤。 A new building was set up in a short time. 新大楼短期就建成了。 3) 被动语态也可以说出动作的执行者，构成如下： 动作承受者 + be + 过去分词 + by + 动作执行者。 The picture was praised by everybody. 照片得到了大家的好评。 The classroom was cleaned by us. 教室被我们打扫过。 The bridge was built by workers from Shanxi. 这座桥是山西的工人建的。 The little boy was found by the police. 小孩被警察找到了。 有关被动语态的几个问题： 1) "be + 过去分词" 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。 I'm interested in mathematics. 我对数学感兴趣。 He seems unsatisfied with his work. 他看起来对他的工作不满意。 We are determined to catch up with the developed countries. 我们决心要赶上发达国家。 The song is called "Don't forget me". 歌曲的名字叫“勿忘我”。 某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。 The food tastes good. 食物很香。 It smells strange. 这有怪味。 The stone feels very cold. 石头摸起来很冷。 The woman's clothes sell well. 女装卖的快。 3) 一般情况下，及物动词才能构成被动语态，但有些不及物动词组成短语后，也可构成被动语态。 He was looked down upon because of his egoism. 他因自私而受人冷落。 The children were taken good care of in the the orphanage. 孩子们在孤儿院受到了良好的照顾。
黄先生Simon
被动语态是英语常考常用句型结构，这一个知识点也是我们必须要掌握的，下面就是我给大家带来的英语被动语态知识点 总结 讲解，希望能帮助到大家!
被动语态复习 ABC
A.熟记结构
被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：
一般现在时：am/is/are+p.p.
一般过去时：was/were+p.p.
一般将来时：shall /will be +p.p.
现在完成时：have /has been +p.p.
现在进行时：am/is/are+being+p.p.
过去将来时：should /would be +p.p.
含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+p.p.例如：
① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people.(选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态)
A.speak B.is speaking C.speaks D.is spoken
② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school.(选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态)
A.were told B.is telling C.was told D.tells
③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China.(选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态)
A.must B.must be C.has D.have
B.明确用法
被动语态常用于以下两种情况：
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;
2.强调动作的承受者。例如：
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
The tree ______ ______ by that boy. (填was broken)
C.熟练转换
1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本 方法 为：
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词 短语 放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。
2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词+一般疑问句。例如：
① You must throw the broken pottery away at once.
The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once.(同义句) (填must be thrown away)
② Where did they grow vegetables?(改为被动语态)
Where ______ vegetables ______ ?(填were;grown)
D.注意特例
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：
1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变;
②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：
① He told us a story.(变被动语态)
→We were told a story(by him).或：A story was told to us by him.
② Her mother gave her a new pen.(变被动语态)(填was given to)
A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother.
2.短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：
① This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library.[D]
A.take away B.taken awayC.are taken away D.be taken away
② She will take good care of the children.(变被动语态)(填be taken good care of)
The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (by her).
3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：
Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.(变被动语态)
He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.
(填was seen to)
4.不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be +过去分词”。例如：
The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city.
A.be building B.build C.be built D.built [C]
5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在 句子 开头。例如：
Who has broken the cup?(改为被动语态)
→By whom has the cup been broken?
E.注意区别
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：
1)含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：
The window is broken.窗子破了。(系表结构)
The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)
2)用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：
He was very interested in science.他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。(被动语态)
F.牢记(相关)句型
初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：
1.be covered with被……覆盖
2.be made of由……制作(发生物理变化) be made from由……制作(发生化学变化)
be made in由(某地)制造 be made by被(某人)制造
3.be used for被用来……
be used as被当作(作为)……来使用 be used to do sth.被用来做某事
4.It is said that...据说…… It is hoped that...希望……
It is well known that...众所周知……例如：
①—Your coat looks nice.Is it ______ cotton?[B]
—Yes.It's Shanghai.
A.made of;made by B.made of;made in
C.made for;made by D.made for;made in
② This machine is used ______ the room wet.[A]
A.for keeping B.as keeping C.keep D.to keeping
③ 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。
______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing.
(填It is said;another bridge;built)
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