英语语法大全从句

英语中六大从句用法总结 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... *It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that... *It is clear\important\likely\possible that... *It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that... It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because. Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America. The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies. It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller. 4.同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。 She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show. I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time. The news came that their team had won the championship. 5.定语从句 定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。 *限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。 The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother. 1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。 That is all that I've heard from him. He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon. 2)关系代词的省略 在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。 This is one of those things with which we have to put up. This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with. 3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。 Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings. No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day. 5.定语从句 *非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。 Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism. *“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句 “介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。 This is the computer on which he spent all his savings It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar. *as引导的定语从句 as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。 These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems) As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语) 6.状语从句 *时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有： 1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。 We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here. 2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。 As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses. The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy. *地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever. Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her. *原因、结果和目的状语从句 1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。 Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well. 2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that ,so that,that,so等。 Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave. 3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。 We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station. *条件和让步状语从句 1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。 As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data. 2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。 No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind. Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young) Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child) *方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。 The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him. Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.详细请参考

各种从句的语法总结

导语：高级的英语语法知识比初级英语的要难得多，下面我分享高级英语的重要语法，欢迎学习!

虚拟语气在各种从句的应用

主语从句的虚拟

1. It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do

常见的形容词有：necessary, important, strange, natural

It's important that he take my advice.

2. It is + n. + that sb. (should) do

常见的名词有：a pity, a shame, no wonder, one's wish

It's a pity that he be so silly.

3. It is + done + that sb. (should) do

常见的过去分词有：suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered,

proposed, decided, desired, insisted等。

It's requested that she go home as soon as possible.

宾语从句的虚拟

1. 表命令，表建议，表要求的动词，后接宾语从句虚拟。虚拟的构成为(should) do。

I advise that he stay at home.

2. wish后接从句，虚拟的构成是往过去推一个时态。

I wish I had watched the football match last night.

注意以下几组词或短语用于虚拟语气中。

1. as if, as though

He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.

2. otherwise, but, even though

He was ill. Otherwise he would have been there.

3. with, without, but for

Without your help, I would have died two years ago.

But for your help, I would have died two years ago.

4. would rather I'd rather you told me yourself.

5. It's time that

It's time that you went to bed.

It's time that you should go to bed.

表语从句中的虚拟

在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：

His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

名词从句部分：

1. that不可省略的情况

2. that引导同位语从句和that引导定语从句的区别：同位语从句中的that是连词，不做成分，只连接主从句，不能省略;定语从句中的'that要代替先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语，并且做宾语时可以省略。从语义上看，同位语从句是对前面名词的解释、说明或内容;而定语从句时对前面名词的限定。

We should consider the students’request that the school library provide more books on

popular science. (that引导同位语从句)

The only hope that he expressed was that they would do what they could to help the people

in disaster areas. (that引导定语从句)

3. 要根据句子结构尤其是谓语动词判断从句的类型：

What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.

本句含有一个主语从句和一个表语从句，主句的动词为is。

It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.

本句含有一个主语从句，主句的动词为is known to。

As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.

本句含有一个定语从句，主句的动词为took place，as引导非限制性定语从句。

4. 名词性从句的语序和语态。

名词性从句均应用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序，其时态应该和主句时态保持一致。

5. 名词性从句中连词的省略 。

介词后的连词以及引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。that引导名词从句(除了引导第一个宾语从句可省略外)都不可省略，但是引导定语从句并在从句中做宾语时可以省略。that不能省略的情况：1)介词后面的that不能省略：

Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.

2)当that引导的宾语从句位于句首时：

That he ever did such a thing I don’t believe.

3)主句谓语动词和that从句之间有插入语，that不省略：

She said that, if she failed, she would try again.

4)当宾语从句有其他从属连词时，that不省略：

He told me that if it was necessary they would work extra time.

6.名词性从句中it的使用：

为了保持句子平衡，多数情况下，it作形式主语或形式宾语，将真正的主语或宾语从句后置。定语从句关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和关系副词when, where, why。

(1)that指物时一般可与which互换，但在下列情况下，要用that而不用which。

a. 先行词有all, everything等不定代词时，如，

Everything (that) he did is wrong.

b. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，如，

I'll read all the books (that) you lend me.

c. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，

This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.

d. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如

He is the very man (that) I'm looking for.

e. 只用which的情况

在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中

This is the book about which we have talked a lot.

The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.

f. where和when作关系副词

This is the room where I worked.

This is the room which I stayed in.

I remembered the day when we lived there.

I remembered the day that I spent there.

g. as和which

as 可以放于句首，而which 不可以

As you know, he is good at English.

three of them 和three of which

I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.

I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.

(2. )“介词+关系代词”的情况：

在固定短语中介词不能提前;判断介词的口诀：瞻前顾后看意义

瞻前——看先行词;顾后——找从句动词;看意义——看全句表达含义

(3. )先行词在从句中充当地点状语时，关系词用where 或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当时间状语时，关系词用when或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当原因状语时，关系词用why或者for which。

(4. )注意as和which在非限制性定语从句中代表主句所表达的内容的区别：

位置不同：as从句放在主句前或后均可;而which从句只能放在主句后

作用不同：as从句动词常常是see \know等，因而相当于插入语;which从句则在陈述一件事实。

状语从句部分

1.while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。

2. no matter wh- 与wh-ever 的联系及区别：no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与wh-ever通用。wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，No matter wh-不能。

No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.

3. 在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，

用一般过去时表过去将来时。在since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。

4. 状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：①否定词开头;②so 加adj. 开头;③as /

though引导的让步状语从句。

5. 连词before小结：

We had sailed four days before we saw land. (……才)

We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. (不到……就)

Please write it down before you forget it. (趁……)

Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. (还没来得及)

It will be/was…before…要过多久才……

6. because, since, as 引导原因从句的区别：because表达直接原因，语气最强，回答why;

since通常放句首，译为“既然”;as引导不谈自明的原因，语气最弱;

7. as可以引导多种从句，要注意其中的区别。

8. till, until和not…until的区别;if和unless的区别

非谓语动词部分动词不定式几点注意。

1.下列动词或动词短语后接不定式：agree, seem, appear, offer, happen, wish, hope, pay,

expect, long, plan, intend, promise, pretend, decide, afford, manage, choose, be said to,would like to等。

2. 不定式常用的句型：too…to do (太……而不能), …enough to do…(够……就能……), so as to do/in order to do(为了……)，so…as to do/such…as to do(如此……结果……)。

3. 不定式的三个结构：即否定结构、复合结构和疑问结构。

否定结构为“not (never) to do”;疑问结构是特殊疑问词“how (what, which, who, whether…) to do”;复合结构是“for/ of +名词(或代词宾格)+ to do ”。

4. let/ make/ have/ see/ hear/ notice/ observe/ listen to/ look at/ watch/feel

这些动词带不定式作宾补时，省掉to, 若这些动词以被动形式出现时，应加上to。

5. 当前面是the first, the second, the last, need, plan, time, chance, right,determination,ability, opportunity(机会)，way时，一般用不定式作定语。

6. but/ except + to do/ do 结构，要根据谓语动词来确定其后面的形式。当谓语动词是do,does, did时，but后用动词原形;谓语动词是其他动词时，but后用“to + 动词原形”的形式。

7. 形容词后一般用不定式(除busy, worth 两个外)。

You are sure to succeed. 你一定能成功。

He is busy preparing his lessons at present. 他现在正忙于预习功课。

8. 不定式作定语和表语时，有时需要在后面放上一个适当的介词。

This is a bench to sit on.(这是用来坐的凳子。)

This room is comfortable to live in. (这个房间住起来很舒适。)

9. 在“主语+系动词+adj.+不定式”这个句型中，当主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式不用被动，不能在动词后再放宾语。

The question is easy to answer. (question是answer的宾语，不能说：The question is easy to be answered. 也不能说：The question is easy to answer it .)

从句，是复句中具有分属地位的分句，它是一种绝大部分语言都有的语法结构。在现代汉语的语法中，“从句”不作为专业术语被使用。下面是我整理的英语从句类型总结，欢迎阅读！

一. 宾语从句object clause：

定义definition：

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

连接词connections：

that: I think that you can pass the exam.

Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.

I don’t know where he found the book.

只用whether的情况： 1. 与or not连用：

I don’t know whether it’s raining or not. 2. 与动词不定式连用：

He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation. 3. 连接词前有介词时：

It depends on whether he is coming. 三. 时态tenses:

1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam.

2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。 1)She said that she was a student.

2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.

3)She said that she had finished her homework already.

3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

二. 定语从句 Attributive clause：

1. 定义：在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句 2. 先行词指人 who /that 先行词指物 which/ that

3. 定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后

4.关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的'代词

5.翻译方法 “…. 的” Eg.

1. Yesterday we bought a book which is really hard to understand.

2. The students who are from Maple Leaf School like learning English.

Whom: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom 1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best. 2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking. Whose : 指人或物，作定语，表示 “…的”

eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.

关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况:

1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：

This is the first gift that my parents bought me. 2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：

This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen. 3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.

e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop 4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.

e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.

5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用that

e.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.

6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头，只能用that引导. Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform? 当关系代词前使用介词时：

物+介词+which 人+ 介词 + whom 当关系代词前使用介词时：

e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.

2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.

三. 状语从句：Adverbial clauses

定义：

在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语，或是整个句子。 状语从句一般分为八大类

时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 让步状语从句

1. 时间状语从句

When ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。

When I opened the window, I saw him come up. When --- 正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。 I was walking along the street , when I met him.

When 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。 Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast. When=after

When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons. While ---在……期间，往往指一段时间。 While we were in America, we saw him twice.

While ---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。

We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football. As --- 一边……一边, 随着

She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.

As --- 当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。 As I was going out, it began to rain.

The moment --- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately, ---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? ---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her. Not… until --- 直到……才

He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work. Before --- 在……之前

The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs. After --- 在…… 之后

The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent. Since ---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时

I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.

It is just a week since we arrived here. As soon as --- 一……就……

Jack went to school as soon as he got well. No sooner than --- 一……就……

no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒装 Hardly …when… Scarcely …when…

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. Once --- 一但……就……

Once you see him, you will never forget him. Every time, each time 每次whenever 每当

Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.

2. 条件状语从句

引导状语从句的连接词有:

If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 据……所知，in case万一, provided that假如, on condition that若是，以…为条件 If ---如果

If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane. Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if not

We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight As long as --- 只要

We will succeed as long as we keep on trying. As (so) far as --- 据……所知

As far as I know, he speaks English very well. In case --- 假使, 如果

The plane cannot take off in case it rains.

按一般说法,可分为三大类14种从句.一名词性从句4种.1主语从句Whether it's right or not remains to be seen.2宾语从句I wonder whether it's right or not.3同位语从句This is a question whether it's right or not.4表语从句The question is whether it's right or not.二形容词性从句2种1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well.2非限定性定语从句She is the student,who can speak English well.三副词性从句8种1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here.2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like.3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are a student.4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king.5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well.6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well.7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me.8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little.