局外人英文版简介

短短两句，以死亡开幕。本应承接悲伤与肃穆情绪的第二句，却转折出平淡冷漠的气息。再读这个著名的开场，依然为之动容。这是法国作家阿尔贝·加缪（Albert Camus, 1913-1960）于1942年出版的小说《局外人》（法: "L'Étranger", 英: "Stranger", 繁: 《异乡人》）的开场。

我因为在“Steve说”播客中听到杜素娟老师（华东政法大学文伯书院教授）提及此作，遂开始阅读。小时候读“名著”只感觉累，所以我此番也是抱着试一试的态度，没想到一拿起本书就手不释卷，被这个荒诞又现实，奇妙又赤裸的虚构故事深深吸引，读得津津有味。

小说以法语写成，几个中译本均行文流畅，颇为好读。本作以第一人称视角叙述了男主人公默尔索先生（Meursault）从参加母亲葬礼到杀人被判死刑的短暂又波澜起伏的故事。默尔索先生是一个奇怪的人，但不古怪。古怪好歹有些活跃的色彩，他更像一个心如死灰，麻木冷漠，在城市囚笼中默默行走的旁观者。

故事开篇他回到养老院后，不愿开棺再见母亲最后一眼，第二天的葬礼，主角毫无波澜而养老院的老人却哭得晕厥过去，种种细节让男主角显得十分无情。可偏偏读者通过作家的笔触读到了主角内心的思考，这些思考既冷酷无情又理所当然：他并不伪善。读者跟随这些思考看到的默尔索，和其他角色看到的默尔索截然不同。

也许只有默尔索的女朋友玛丽（Marie）是最接近读者视角，能够理解默尔索的人。他们的第一次约会是在默尔索母亲葬礼的第二天。他们看了场喜剧电影，回到默尔索的公寓做爱。当玛丽知道他的母亲昨天刚下葬的时候，她“吓得往后一退，但没有发表什么意见”。

默尔索为人处世显露着一种“无所谓”的态度。与其说他过着“生活”，毋宁说是他被定义在了所谓“生活”的框架中。

后来默尔索卷入了朋友莱蒙德（Raymond）的情妇纠纷之中。也是因为这种“无所谓”，他帮莱蒙德写信给这位情妇。这个情妇来了，和莱蒙德发生争吵，被殴打，警察也来了。这件事情导致情妇的阿拉伯人兄弟前来复仇。默尔索与莱蒙德前去度假的时候，在海滩上遭遇阿拉伯人三次，打架，持枪，最终默尔索枪杀了其中一个阿拉伯人，就此展开故事的第二部分。

入狱之后默尔索在关押期间与律师、预审法官进行预审谈话，在庭审期间检察官、律师、法官的辩论构成了第二部分的主要内容。最终默尔索在被判死刑后，最后一次见神甫（他一直拒绝见神甫）时把全部的力量喷薄而出，并在爆发中结束本作。

《局外人》是名作，自然有许多人会做“深度解析”。我所写的既不“深度”也不“解析”。我只是在阅读时常有一种莫名的感觉横在心头，像一块大石，不知从哪里来，到哪里去。可能是西西弗斯的巨石，推上去又滚下来，再推上去再滚下来。

默尔索在书中的所作所为无疑是不符合“常理”和“道德”的，而庭审时人们争论的焦点也是这份“常理”与“道德”。默尔索这个人物其实是一个“普通人”的内心一角的放大版，是一个极端的案例。这种极端与反常，作者在另一部书中称之为“荒诞”。默尔索的这份“荒诞”无疑引发了世人的警醒与反思。作者加缪在1957年被授予诺贝尔文学奖，授奖词是：

我喜欢作者描写阿尔及尔街头落日的片段，喜欢以旁观者观察世界的角度，喜欢主角每次内心波动时随之而来的晃眼的阳光，夏日的气息，街头的声音。加缪的写作技巧无疑是高超的。

比如主角从葬礼到回到阿尔及尔的转场：

比如男主被判死刑，回到法庭接受宣判时的场景：

仅凭这些优秀的文字就足以吸引我把它再读一遍。至于默尔索的被动地活着，他的漫无目的的不知道属于谁的人生，我想多数人都会有同感。那么怎么办呢？

《局外人》没有给出答案。哪怕是最后的默尔索的爆发，也只是向死亡思考，思考重新开始的希望。但只是希望，他没有重新开始，他在希望中结束了。

2021.07.29/中午 于夏日的灯下

60代的塔尔萨城，城里的学生分属于南北两个帮派。南帮的成员主要是住在城南的中产阶级学生，而住在贫民区的出身贫寒的学生则属于北帮。南北两帮的人都瞧对方不顺眼，双方积怨颇深，打架斗殴是家常便饭。波尼博伊是个孤儿，14岁，他和16岁的约翰尼，还有比他们年龄稍大的达拉斯斗属于北帮。一天晚上，南北两帮的人又大打出手，波尼博伊差点在水池中丢了命，而约翰尼则在自卫时将鲍勃杀死。两人请求达拉斯帮忙，达拉斯遂将他们藏在郊区的一座久已废弃的教堂中。在废弃的教堂中，波尼博伊和约翰尼背诵诗歌，读小说《飘》，在谈论中向往着一个理想世界：那里既没有城南帮也没有城北帮。这时，城里的教堂失火了，三个人冲进了雄雄大火，将困在火中的孩子们救了出来，而约翰尼和达拉斯却在火中受了伤。第二天晚上大雨瓢泼，新一轮的械斗再次展开，城北帮最终取得了胜利。但在斗殴中达拉斯被警察打死，约翰尼也因伤势过重死在了医院。幸存者波尼博伊打开了《飘》，在书里，他发现了约翰尼留给他的诀别书。若满意请采纳!

Chapter 1:Ponyboy Curtis, the narrator, begins the novel with a story: he is walking home one afternoon after watching a Paul Newman film, and his mind starts to wander. He thinks about how he wants Paul Newman’s good looks, though he likes his own greaser look. He also thinks that, although he likes to watch movies alone, he wishes he had company for the walk home.Ponyboy steps back from his story to explain that walking alone is unsafe for greasers, the East Side gang of friends to which he belongs. When they walk by themselves, greasers attract the harassment of Socials, or Socs, the rich West Side crowd. Ponyboy says that greasers are poorer and wilder than the Socs, whom the newspapers condemn one day for throwing parties and praise the next day for good citizenship. Greasers wear their hair long and put grease in it. They dress tough, steal, and get into gang fights. They often carry switchblades, mainly to help them stand their ground against the Socs.Ponyboy says he does not participate in typical greaser mischief because his oldest brother, Darrel (known as “Darry”), would kill him if he got into trouble. Ponyboy’s parents died in a car crash, so the three Curtis brothers live together by themselves, an arrangement possible only as long as they stay out of trouble. Twenty-year-old Darry acts as head of the family. He is strict with Ponyboy and often yells at him. Despite his intelligence, Ponyboy lacks common sense, which frustrates Darry. Ponyboy feels great affection for his sixteen-year-old brother, Sodapop, whose charm and cheerfulness he admires.Ponyboy returns to the story of his solitary walk after the movies. As he walks, he notices a red Corvair trailing him. He quickens his pace as he remembers how badly the Socs beat his friend Johnny Cade. The Corvair pulls up beside Ponyboy and five Socs climb out and surround him. One of them asks, “Need a haircut, greaser?” and pulls out a blade. The Socs begin to beat up Ponyboy, who screams for help. Ponyboy’s brothers and the rest of their group appear on the scene and chase away the Socs. Darry starts to scold Ponyboy for walking home alone instead of calling for a ride, but Sodapop tells him to stop nagging.The brothers and the other greasers make plans for the following night. Ponyboy decides that he and Johnny will go to a double feature at the drive-in with their friend Dally. Dally begins to talk about his ex-girlfriend, Sylvia, and Ponyboy thinks about the girls that socialize with the greasers. He wonders what it would be like to spend time with an upper-class Soc girl.At home, Ponyboy, who loves to read, reads Great Expectations and thinks about how his life resembles the life of Pip, the main character in Great Expectations. Still shaken by his fight with the Socs, Ponyboy climbs into bed with Sodapop. The brothers talk about Sodapop’s girlfriend, Sandy, whom Sodapop hopes to marry one day.

Ponyboy跟Jonny是Greaser（没钱的穷屌丝）里面最小的成员，有一天他们去看电影偶然遇到了Cherry和Marcia（白富美），两个有钱的Soc女孩，并与他们成了朋友。但是cherry的男朋友（高富帅）Bob就很不爽，找机会围攻了Ponyboy和Jonny。Bob把Ponyboy弄到水池里，差点把Ponyboy淹死，于是Jonny就用一把弹簧刀杀了Bob。他们向Dally求救，Dally告诉他们去Taxas上的废弃教堂躲避。后来教堂着火了，Pony跑去救火中的小孩，Jonny和Dally也去了。但是Jonny受很重的伤，在告诉Ponyboy“stay gold(保持心中对美好事物的感觉)”之后就死了。Dally因为Jonny是他心中最想守护的净土，然后Dally也自杀死了。Dally的死因是抢劫商店，在跟警察对峙的时候拿着一把没有子弹的枪，于是就被警察开枪杀死了。Ponyboy找到了Jonny留下的《飘》中的信。内容是：告诉Dally这世间还有美好的东西，以及他不后悔为了拯救孩子们去死。结局：Ponyboy经历了这些之后很崩溃，英语老师叫他写一篇文章才可以通过他不及格的英文课。于是他写了这个故事《the outsiders》 我这绝对是最细致的答案了=w=