小妮子--Amy
英语中的被动语态结构如下：
一般现在时: am/ is /are done 一般过去时: was /were done
一般将来时: will be done 现在进行时: am/ is /are being done
过去进行时: was /were being done 现在完成时: has/ have been done
过去完成时: had been done 将来完成时: will have been done
英语被动语态主要呈现于五种结构中。
一. 助动词be+v-ed构成的被动语态
助动词be+v-ed构成的被动语态。既可以表示动作，又可以表示状态。有时难以分清。
例如：
They were married.
The chair was broken.
We were lost.
二. get+v-ed构成的被动语态
1. get+v-ed明白无误地表示动作。
He had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney.他企图在夜间钻进商店，但被卡在烟囱里了。
2. get+v-ed常常表示不合心意的事情，如:
get hurt受伤
get dismissed被开除
get caught被抓了
get caught in the rain遇上雨
此外，get+v-ed不大用于正式语体。
三. 伪被动语态（系表结构）
英语中有一种所谓的伪被动句，这类句子从结构上说，没有对应的主动句，也不能增添施事，其中的动词be并不是构成被动态的助动词，而是连系动词；从语义上说，他们并不是描述行为、动作、发展、变化，而是描述静止的状态或动作完成后的静态情况。
如:
He is buried now beneath a marble tomb.他现在安葬在大理石的墓碑底下。
必须注意区分英语的动态被动句与静态的被动句，这对翻译具有很重要的意义。
四、形式主动、意义被动的句子
1. He is to blame. 他是罪魁祸首。
在to be blame结构中，主动形式的blame具有被动意义。
2. He was hard to convince. 他很难说服的。
充当表语的hard之后的动词不定式通常表示被动意义，或者说，句子的主语通常是动词不定式所表示动词的客体。
3. He was difficult to please. 他很难取悦。
英语中有一些形容词如easy，difficult，convenient，impossible，unpleasant等，要求一个及物动词不定式来做他们的补足语。但在语义上，句子的主语便是动词不定式的宾语。
形式主动、意义被动的句子也称为意义被动句。又如：
1. This material washes/ doesn't wash/ won't wash.这种材料可以洗/不可以洗/不能洗。
2. She doesn't frighten easily.她不是容易恐吓的。
3. His books don't sell.他的书卖不出去。
4. The book sold quickly.这书很畅销。
5. The sentences read clearly.这些句子读起来很清楚。
五. 形式被动，意义主动的句子
be done (with)和be finished是特殊结构，它们的主语并不是受动者，而是施动者。
When we were done, we went out to the garden, and I picked up the sticks.看完以后我们走到花园里，我把那里的树枝都捡了起来。
I will be finished by six.我将在6:00之前干完。
杰爱小吃
被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。这些你都了解吗。接下来我在这里给大家带来英语里被动语态的用法，我们一起来看看吧!
英语里被动语态的用法
1、用主动形式表示被动意义。
主动形式来表示被动意义主要有以下六个考点：
1)某些连系动词如 smell，feel，taste，sound，prove等可表达被动含义。如:
The story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来很有趣.
The apple smells nice.这个苹果闻起来很香。
2)某些表示“发生”(happen，take place)“爆发”(break out/ burst out)和“传播(spread)”等不及物动词在句子中表达被动含义。如
Great changes have taken place these years in my hometown.
近几年我的家乡发生了很大的变化。
3)由介词for，on，above，under等构成的短语经常可以表达被动含义。如:
And some of her famous photos are on display in this exhibition.
她的一些著名的画在这次展览会上被展出。
这个句子里的on display就是主动形式，表示被动的含义。
4)形容词 worth后面跟动名词表示被动含义。如:
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
5)在need，want，require，deserve和bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，它的含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如
6)某些动词不定式用主动形式表被动含义。
有些形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。如nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等词。举个例子同学们来体会一下：
Sometimes，business English is hard to understand.有时，商业英语很难理解。
2、被动形式表示主动意义。
被动形式表示主动意义主要有下面两个考点需要同学们注意：
1)一些固定词组，它们的被动形式通常表示主动意义。
例如be concerned with/ about(关心)，be dressed in(穿着). be hidden(躲藏起来)，be located(位于)，be lost in(陷入，迷路)，be seated(就座)等。大家看下面例句：
That’s fine，as far as we’re concerned. 就我们而言，那样挺好。
After everyone was seated，the teacher began to read the result.
同学们就座后，老师开始读考试结果。
2)还有一些动词构成的被动形式也表示主动意义。
这类词组有: be used to(习惯于)，be born(出生)，be determined(决心，决定)，be prepared(准备)等。如:
英语里被动语态的例句
People play football all over the world.
世界各地的人都踢足球。
Football is played all over the world.
世界各地的人都踢足球。
The workers are building a road.
工人们正在修建一条路。
A road is being built.
正在修建一条路。
Mother gave me the present.
母亲给我这件礼物。
I was given the present by Mother.
这件礼物是母亲给我的。
My friend lent me those books.
我的朋友给我那些书。
I was lent those books by my friend.
这些书是朋友给我的。
They asked him some questins.
他们问了他几个问题。
He was asked some questions (by them).
他被问了几个问题。
I forgave him his rudeness.
我原谅了他的粗鲁。
He was forgiven his rudeness by me.
他的粗鲁被我原谅了。
The monitor told us that there would be a lecture on physics tomorrow morning.
班长告诉我们明天上午有一个物理讲座。
We were told that there would be a lecture on physics tomorrow morning.
我们被告知明天上午有一个物理讲座。
The weatherman warned us that the hurricane was on the way.
天气预报员告诫我们飓风就要来临。
We were warned that the hurricane was on the way.
我们被告诫飓风就要来临。
I found a watch lying on the ground.
我发现地上有一只手表。
A watch was found lying on the ground.
在地上发现一只手表。
They named their baby girl Mary.
他们给他们的女儿取名为玛丽。
Their baby girl was named Mary.
他们的女儿被取名为玛丽。
They made the horse work the whole day.
他们让马干了一整天活。
The horse was made to work the whole day.
马被驱使干了一整天活。
The nurse was looking after the old man.
护士正在照看那位老人。
The old man was being looked after by the nurse.
那位老人由护士照看。
We often talk about the days we spent in the countryside.
我们经常说起我们在农村度过的日子。
The days we spent in the countryside are often talked about.
我们在农村度过的日子经常被谈起。
You should pay attention to your pronunciation.
你应该注意你的发音。
Your pronunciation should be paid attention to.
你的发音应被注意。
You must hand in your homework tomorrow.
你们明天必须交作业 。
Your homework must be handed in tomorrow.
明天必须把你们的作业交上来。
We shouldn't look down upon cleaners.
我们不应该轻视清洁工。
Cleaners shouldn't be looked upon.
清洁工不应该被轻视。
Everybody likes the cook.
大家都喜欢这个炊事员。
The cook is liked by everybody.
这个炊事员受到大家的喜欢。
He wrote a letter.
他写了一封信。
A letter was written by him.
一封信是由他写的。
We shall finish the work soon.
我们不久将完成这项工作。
The work will be finished soon by us.
这项工作不久将由我们完成。
We have sent for the doctor.
我们派人请大夫去了。
The doctor has been sent for.
已经派人请大夫去了。
They have successfully carried out the Party's policy.
他们很好地贯彻了党的政策。
The Party's policy has been successfully carried out.
党的政策得到了很好的贯彻。
People looked down upon women in the past.
过去人们轻视妇女。
Women were looked down upon in the past.
妇女在过去受到轻视。
We must handle this thing with care.
我们必须轻拿轻放这东西。
This thing must be handled with care.
这东西必须轻拿轻放。
They advised her to take the medicine.
他们劝她吃药。
She was advised to take the medicine by them.
他们劝她吃药。
He wrote the composition with great care.
他仔细地写了作文。
The composition was written with great care by him.
