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英文句子种类:肯定句和否定句含否定词的句子称为否定句(Negative Sentence),不含否定词的句子就称为肯定句(Affirmative Sentence)。例如:例:Mr. Walker is an Englishman.(华克先生是英国人。——肯定句)例:He is not an American.(他不是美国人。——否定句)简单地说,表达事物的“Yes”这一面的句子就是肯定句,“No”的一面的就叫做否定句。传统的英语入门都是先学肯定句,然后再学肯定句的反面,亦就是否定句。否定句的表达方式基本上有下面的两种。(1)使用副词否定词“not”,例如:(a)be,have为主要动词:例:I am not a good swimmer.(我不是一个游泳的好手。)例:He was not at home yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午他不在家。)例:I have not much money.(我没有很多钱。)例:He has not many friend here.(在这里他没有很多朋友。)解说“be/have +not”常缩短成一词,尤其是日常谈话更是如此。例如:例:You aren't [a:nt] a friend of his, are you ?(你不是他的朋友吧,是不是?)例:He isn't [>!znt] my brother.(他不是我的兄弟。)例:I wasn't [>w&znt] there at that time.(当时我没有在那儿。)例:There weren't [w+:nt] many people at the party yesterday.(昨天没有很多人参加宴会。)“am +not”不是“amn't”,而是“aren't”或“ain't[eint]”,例如:例:I ain't ready.(我还没准备好。)例:I am very nice to you, aren't I?(我对你很不错,是不是?)美国人用“ain't”很随便,应该是“are not,is not,have not,has not”的地方,他们也会“ain't”一下就带过去,宜注意。下面例句是“have not,has not”的缩短形。例:I haven't[>h$vnt] a headache.(我没有头痛。)例:He hasn't[>h$znt] come yet.(他还没来。)(b)be,have为助动词例:You aren't going to go to her birthday party, are you?(你不打算参加她的生日宴会,是不是?)例:It isn't raining outside.(外面没有在下雨。)例:She wasn't asked to speak at the meeting.(她没有被请求在会上讲话。)例:I haven't done anything wrong to her.(他没有做对不起她的事。)例:He hasn't yet paid the money.(他尚未付钱。)be+ V -ing(进行时),be +P.P.(过去分词)(被动词态),have(has,had)+P.P.(完成时)等的“be,have(has,had)”皆为助动词。例1的“be going to …”在学校文法中也常被视为助动词。(c)“助动词+V”时动词带有助动词“will,shall,can,may,must,need,dare,ought to,used to,had better”等时,将“not”置于助动词与主要动词之间。例如:例:I will not do it again.I won't[wount] do it again.(我不愿意再做这种事。)例:The old man cannot find his way home.(那个老人找不到回家的路。)例:I couldn't sleep last night.(昨夜我无法入睡。)例:You ought not to swim in the river.(你不应该在河里游泳。)例:You had better not tell her everything.(你最好不要样样事情都告诉她。)注:“can”的否定形式是“cannot or can't”,不可写成“can not or cann't”。(d)使用助动词“do”的否定句一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do”,句式如下:句型 do(does, did)+not + V(原形动词)例:I don't know her very well.(我并不很了解她。)例:He doesn't like Chinese tea very much.(他并不很喜欢中国茶。)例:She didn't come to school this morning.(今天早上她没有来上学。)例:Don't believe him.(不要相信他的话。)注:“have”表达“有”以外的意义时,其否定句通常使用助动词“do”,例如:例:Usually I don't have (=eat) breakfast on Sunday morning.(通常星期天早上我不吃早餐。)例:She doesn't have (=drink) coffee for breakfast.(她不把咖啡充作早餐喝。)例:We didn't have (=enjoy) a good time there yesterday.(昨天我们在那里玩得不愉快。)不过美式英语“have”作“有”的意义使用时也如一般动词使用助动词“do”,例如:例:I don't have brothers.(我没有兄弟。)例:We didn't have time enough to finish the work.(我们当时没有足够的时间完成那件工作。)(2)使用“not”以外的否定词“not”以外的否定词有:(a)副词:never,seldom,hardly,little,neither,etc.例:She never comes to school late.(他上学从不迟到。)例:She seldom comes to see me.(她不常来看我。)(b)形容词:no,few,little,etc.例:I have no brothers.(=I don't have brothers.)(我没有兄弟。)例:He has few friends in Hong Kong.(他在香港几乎没有朋友。)(c)代词:nothing,nobody,none,etc.例:I know nothing about computer.(对于电脑我一窍不通。)I found nobody about computer.(在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。)注:1.有些文法书认为“Not +V”为句子否定法,是否定句,而“no +n.或如nothing,etc.”为单词否定法,不宜称为否定句。例如:例:He doesn't have brother.(否定句)He has no brothers.(单词否定,但应视为肯定句,因为谓语动词是肯定。)请注意下面两句的意义上的区别。例:He doesn't have a breakfast.He has not a breakfast.(他不吃早餐。——否定句)例:He has no breakfast.(他没有早餐可吃。——单词否定,肯定句)2.否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达,例如:例:He is honest.(他是诚实的。)He is dishonest.(=He in not honest.)(他不诚实。)例:They have children.(他们有小孩。)They are childless.(=The don't have children.)(他们没有小孩。)Drilling Square
pangdaxiang
一.肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子。例:This is my pen。这是我的笔。He works in a hospital。他在医院工作。There are four fans in our classroom。我们教室里有四个风扇。
dianpingyao
绝对的: 1. utter2. unconditional3. hardcore4. implicit5. absolute6. assoluta7. sheer其它相关解释:
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