阳光通宝
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 词汇学习
familiar ，be familiar with ，cap， note， can ( n . ) ， hammer ，memory， tin ，marry ，get married ，single ，square， otherwise， perform， wedding， musical ，generation ，learn， by heart ，in praise of， hero ，nowadays， passerby ( 复数形式是： passers - by )，pattern， root ，thought ，gay ，ray ，part ( vt . ) ，soul ，iron，ironing ，board， whisper，jazz， folk， instrument， violin ，earn one's living ，drum ，carol ，flaming， fade
Ⅱ. 交际英语
1. I think at the beginning we'd rather have …
2. I'd prefer them not to…
3. I'd rather have … to start .
4. I'd rather not have …
5. Have you decided … ?
6. I've decided to …
Ⅲ. 语法学习
- ing 形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语的用法
1 . 动词的 ing 形式包括名词和现在分词，二者都可作表语。如：
Our job is playing all kinds of music . ( 动名词 )
The music they are playing sounds so exciting . ( 现在分词 )
注：一般来讲，动名词 ( 短语 ) 作表语，主表可互换，即：Playing all kinds of music is our job .
现在分词作表语，表明主语的性质和特征，主表不可互换。
2 . - ing 形式做定语可以表示 1 ) 所修饰名词的用途。如：
a waiting room ( = a room for waiting ) 候车室
a walking stick ( = a stick for walking ) 手杖
a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping ) 卧车
2 ) 所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可以换成定语从句形式。 如：
a waiting man ( = a man who is waiting ) 正等待着的男人
a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping ) 正睡觉的孩子
a walking man ( = a man who is walking ) 正散步的男人
3 . 在 see , hear , feel , watch , notice 等感观动词后可以用 - ing 形式做宾语补足语。这时 - ing 形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，并且 - ing 形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。如：
He saw a girl getting on the tractor . ( = He saw a girl and the girl was getting on the tractor . ) 他看见一个女孩在往拖拉机上爬。
Do you hear someone knocking at the door? 有人敲门你听见了吗?
【指点迷津】
Ask the students to use the information from the reading passage to describe what they have learnt about music .
Kinds of music
More details
Folk music
It has been passed down from one generation to another . At first it was never written down . People learned the songs from their families , relatives , neighbours and friends in the same village . These songs were about the country life , the seasons , animals and plants , and about love and sadness in people's lives .
African music
It plays an important part in people's lives , especially for work , and at festivals and weddings , when people dance all night long .
Indian music
It's not written down . There is a basic pattern of notes which the musician follows . But a lot of modern music is also written . India also produces films with music , and millions of records are sold every year .
Music in the Caribbean
The slaves who were brought from Africa developed their own kind of music . West Indians make musical instruments out of large oil cans . They hit different parts of the drum with hammers to produce different notes . This type of music has become very famous in Britain and is very good music to dance to .
Jazz
Jazz was born in the USA around 1890 . It came from work songs sung by black people and had its roots in Africa . Jazz started developing in the 1920s in the southern states , Soon it was played by white musicians , too , and reached other parts of the USA .
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
单元重点词汇点拨
1 . familiar 意为“世所周知，熟悉的；看惯的，听惯的，耳熟的”，其后通常跟介词 to 连用。例如：
a familiar face / voice 熟悉的脸 / 声音
His name is familiar to me , but I haven't met him .
These tales are familiar to Chinese children .
familiar 还可以表示“ ( 某人 ) 熟悉 ( 某事 ) 的，精通……的，通晓……的”，其后通常可以跟介词 with 连用。
例如：
He is more familiar with modern jazz than I .
I am not familiar with the names of plants .
通过以上例句我们可以看出：
①事物当主语时，作“为人所熟悉”解，与 to 连用；但人当主语时，作“熟悉某事物”解时，则与 with 连用。又如：
Alpine plants are familiar to him . ( = He is familiar with alpine plants . )
②人当主语而与 with 连用时，with 之后若接事物的话就是“熟悉”之意，若接人的话就变成了“亲密”之意，但这个“亲密”往往很容易变成“亲昵、放肆”。
2 . marry 用作动词，意为“结婚；嫁，娶，与……结婚”，其名词形式为 marriage , 形容词形式为 married。例如：He married a classmate from high school .
Kate married a Frenchman last year .
He married his daughter to a doctor .
Mr Smith married Miss Kate five years ago .
另外，短语 be married ( to ) 意为“与……结婚，嫁给”；get marred ( to ) 意为“与……结婚，嫁给……”；marry sb . to 意为“把……嫁给……”。例如：
The old couple have alread
y been married for fifty years .
She has got married to a man from her hometown .
They married their youngest daughter to a man with a lot of money .
3 . perform 用作动词，意为“执行，完成，做；演出，表演”。例如：
They computer performs these calculations with surprising speed .
The surgeon was performed a dangerous operation .
The singer had never performed in Beijing before .
He will be performing on the flute tonight .
4 . praise 可用作及物动词，意为“赞扬，表扬”，例如：
He was praised for his good works .
They praised him for risking his life to save his comrade .
He was praised for finishing his work ahead of time .
praise 还可以用作名词，意为“赞扬；赞扬的话 ( 用复数 ) ”。例如：
My books received high praise from general readers .
The teacher's praise had greatly encouraged us .
The praise of mine usually made the students feel very happy .
5 . nowadays 用作副词，表示与以前相比，意为“时下；现今”，常与一般现在时动词连用。例如：
Nowadays a lot of people go abroad .
Nowadays young people prefer watching TV to reading books .
They used to read novels , but nowadays they read newspapers .
单元词组思维运用
1 . in praise of 意为“称赞，赞扬 ( = to praise ) ”。例如：
He made a report in praise of country life .
We all spoke in praise of the boy's courage and bravery .
2 . learn … by heart 意为“记住；背诵”。例如：
I have learned the reading materials by heart .
Have you learned by heart the main points of the article?
It's very difficult for the children to learn the poem by heart .
3 . earn one's living 意为“谋生；挣钱”。例如：
He had to earn his living at the his early age .
The fishermen earned their living by fishing .
Some people earn their living by writing stories .
4 . play the guitar / piano / violin / flute , 英语中表示乐器的名词前通常要用定冠词。
I used to play the flute after school , but I usually operate the computer at present .
She couldn't learn to play the piano quite well without a teacher .
Which can you play better , the guitar or the flute?
The lady often enjoyed herself by playing the violin after supper
单元难点疑点思路明晰
1 . I'd prefer them not to play too loudly at the beginning . 我宁愿让他们开始时别那么大声演奏。
prefer 宁愿……，喜欢…… ( 甚于喜欢 )
prefer sb . to do sth . 宁可 ( 某人 ) 做某事 ( 不定式作宾补 )
They preferred their son to go to college .
They preferred her not to go with them .
prefer sth . / doing to sth . / doing 喜欢……而不喜欢
prefer tea to coffee .
I prefer reading novels to watching TV .
prefer to do… rather than do … 宁愿…而不愿…
I prefer to go to the movies rather than stay home .
= I prefer going to the movies to staying home .
= I would rather go to the movies than stay home .
2 . Otherwise we won't be able to hear ourselves talk . 否则我们就听不到自己讲话的声音了。
( 1 ) otherwise ( corj ) 否则，不然， = or = or else .
Hurry up , otherwise you'll be late .
Don't move , otherwise I'll shoot you .
( 2 ) hear sb . do sth . 听某人做某事
不定式作宾补省 to 的动词可按下面顺口溜记忆。
五看，三使役，二听，一感，半帮助，不定式作宾补，to 字要删去，主动变被动，宾补变主补，to 字要恢复。五看：see , watch , notice , look at , observe ; 三使役：have , let , make ; 二听：hear , listen to ; 一感觉：feel ; 半帮助：help
I saw Xiao Li enter the room just now . →Xiao Li was seen to enter the room just now .
help my mother ( to ) do some housework . →My mother is helped to do some housework .
3. Folk music has been passed down from one generation to another .
In this way stories were passed on from one person to another .
pass down / on 传下去，传授，传给
The news was passed on / down by word of mouth .
The teachers pass on their knowledge to the students .
pass by 经历 pass over 不重视 pass through 经历、穿过等
4. On festivals they used to act and sing in praise of heroes who lived long ago .
It plays an important part in people's lives , especially for work , and at festivals and weddings…它在人们的生活中起着重要的作用，特别是为了劳动，以及在节日和婚礼上…
on festivals at festivals 在节日。如果指节日当天，应用on 。 on Christmas Day 圣诞节那天 on Christmas Eve 圣诞节前夕 on New Year's Day 元旦那天 on Children's Day 在儿童节那天。但如果把节日视作一个时节，指节日的整个时期，则应用 at。 at Christmas 在圣诞节期间 at New Year 新年期间。
in praise of 意为“赞扬”
The leader s
poke in praise of the man who had given his life for the cause . 领袖称赞那位为事业而捐躯的人。
介词 in + n . + of 常见短语
in front of 在……前面 in spite of 尽管，虽然 in charge of 负责 in favour of 支持……，赞成…… in face of 面对……，在……面前 in search of 寻找
5. India produces more films than any other country in the world . 印度摄制的影片比世界上任何其它国家都多。
= India produces the most films in the world .
※用比较级表达最高级的意义。
Xiao Li is taller than any other student in our class .
= Xiao Li is the tallest student in our class . 小李比我们班其它同学都高。
( other 后的名词应用单数形式 ) 。
比较级应注意避免和包括自身的对象比。
比较级 + than + any other + 单数名词
比较级 + than + all the other + 复数名词
比较级 + than + anyone else
Mary is taller than any other student in the class .
Mary is taller than any other girl in the class .
Mary is taller than anyone else in the class .
Mary is taller than all the boys in the class .
华丽的转身159
一、精心设计导入新课,吸引学生俗话说,良好的开始是成功的一半.英语课堂教学也是如此.在教学中,我们要重视新课导入,巧设悬念,牢牢抓住学生的注意力.常见的导入方法有很多,如名言警句、奇闻趣事、幽默笑话、时事新闻等等.比如在教授自然灾害话题的时候,首先播放一些关于自然灾害的一些图片,让学生猜测这是什么自然灾害,顺势引入问题：Have you experienced a natural disaster? Can you describe it? 然后播放一段关于自然灾害侵袭的录像视频,学生观看后需要回答问题：What measures should we take to prevent this disaster? 教师顺势引入本课的词汇,完成阅读前的语言铺垫.通过提问激活了学生已有的知识储备,让学生能够结合生活实际用英语来表达,达成了预期的热身目的,取得了事半功倍的效果.二、认真编写好导学案,抓住学生高效课堂建设的第一步就是教师要编写好导学案,学案导学是以学案教案为载体,以导学为方法训能达标的教学活动.“导学案”教学模式的教学精髓是学生在老师指导下进行自主学习,不仅着眼于当前知识的掌握和技能的训练,而且注重于能力的开发和未来的发展.其教学策略主要包括：和谐的师生关系是学习的基础；培养创新思维是学习的核心；教师的导学是学习的前提；讨论质疑是学习的方法；教学形式应是多样化的,如讲授、启发、自学辅导、实验探索、问题讨论等.学案的着眼点和侧重点应在于如何充分调动学生的学习主动性,更大限度地激发学生自主学习的内驱力,引导学生获取知识,习得能力,体验到学习的乐趣和成功的快乐.是教师用来帮助学生掌握教学内容、沟通学与教的桥梁,也是培养学生自主学习和建构知识能力的一种重要媒介.那么如何来编写导学案呢?“导学案”既然是引导学生自学的依据,所以编写时就应注意编制内容的针对性.编制的内容应是本课所学的重点或难点,让学生在教师讲课前对本课所学内容做到心中有数.在编制研究性问题时,可将本课的难点提前让学生预知,学生在课前就可以通过小组讨论进行合作研究,这样学生课堂质疑会更有针对性.编制“导学案”不能浮于形式,而应让其真正有助于学生的学习,所以编制时应注意其适用性.编制的题目应紧扣课标,既要有基础知识的检验,又要有基本技能的训练,题目编排由易到难,控制习题数量,为兼顾程度较高的学生,可适当编拟一些选做题,拓宽他们的视野,可是多种题型多种搭配,可与当地的高考题型接轨,这样学生既预习了新知识,又接触了高考题型.三、营造良好的师生关系,创设宽松的课堂氛围英语高效课堂最突出的特点就是：课堂的学习气氛活跃,师生合作,交流的方式灵活,表现学生个性和差异的机会要多.“师生关系具有能动性,蕴含着巨大的情感、认知和智能潜力.期刊文章分类查询,尽在期刊图书馆只有建立良好的师生关系,教师和学生的这种能动性才能充分发挥出来,各种潜力才会得到充分的挖掘和发现,从而产生良好的教学效果”.可以适当引入竞争意识,每个人都有一种求胜心理,教师可以此为切入点,巧妙组织教学内容,充分调动学生求胜欲望,活跃课堂气氛.再比如在各个小组的展示过程中,几乎小组每个同学的积极性都要调动起来,本小组学生能够充分发挥自己的个性和能力,小组成员都有机会展示自己的内容.这样使每一个学生在交流学习与合作学习中都能得到充分的发展,事实也证明,协调合作的师生关系无疑能为达到共同的教学目标产生促进作用.更重要的,这种交往还可以使人和人之间的合作精神得以增强.四、针对教学目标,精心设计问题教师要认真研究教材,并根据学生的实际情况提出有教学价值的问题,而且问题难度要适中,太难或太易都不利于学生讨论,都会影响学生积极参与的兴趣,达不到教学目的.教师提问时最好把问题设在学生的最近发展区,这样才有利于学生的发展和提高,小组讨论才有实效.好的问题能够激发学生探究的兴趣,引导学生积极思考.所以问题的提出,必须要紧扣教材、抓住重点、把握难点.提出的问题,既要凸显基础知识,又要刺激思维,开发智力,培养探究能力.五、提高高中英语课后作业的有效性课后作业是课堂教学内容的反馈与重现,在学生整个学习过程中占很重要的部分,直接影响教学效果的好坏.很多老师在自己的教学过程,教学方法上都有很大的改进,都能体现新课标的理念,但往往忽略了课后的作业布置,每次的课后作业只是单一的布置课本上或配套的练习,层次单调、方式呆板,严重影响了学生完成作业的积极性.新课标下的英语课后作业需要广大的英语教师去认真探索、创新、解放思想、更新观念,让学生做一些喜欢的,又能达到教学目的的课后作业,以提高课后作业的针对性和有效性.教师在设计英语作业时要遵循“因材施教”这一教学原则,结合学生知识水平的差异设计不同层次的作业.第一个层次的作业是面向全体学生的,每个学生都必须完成.这个层次的作业都是基础知识的应用,用来巩固课堂所学知识.第二个层次的作业则稍有难度,是在基础知识之上对知识的灵活运用.这类作业要求大多数学生在教师适当的点拨下完成.第三个层次的作业难度较大,是针对一些尖子生所布置的,诸如一些高难度的试题,收听简单的英语广播,阅读英语读物等.长时间地重复用同样的事,极易使人产生厌烦心理.同样,单一重复的英语作业形式也会使学生觉得无趣可言,所以在设计英语作业时,要改传统单一的书面形式的作业,结合学生的年龄和心理特点选择不同形式的作业.在条件允许的情况下,组织学生观看比较简单的英语原声电影,课后用英语写出观后感.这样既向学生展示了英语世界的魅力,又锻炼了学生的思维能力和写作能力.使学生觉得英语是丰富多彩的,激发了他们心底对这个神秘学科的无限向往.六、教师应积极地进行反思教师根据上课情况自我检查.每次上完课后,教师都要抽出一段时间来回忆一下课上讲的内容、学生的听课情况,从中找出成功与失败的原因,然后记录下来,作为课后反思,以备在以后的教学中应用；其次是教师间的交流,即上完课后教师之间互相交换信息,介绍各自的经验和发现的问题,共同总结出规律性的东西并记录下来作为资料.要从学生的作业中发现带有普遍性的问题,找出上课过程中的不足,给以后的教学提供经验和借鉴,避免重复性错误的发生.开好学生座谈会.教师有时不能准确地找出自己在教学过程中的缺点和不足之处,通过座谈会这种方法请学生来提意见,可以反映一定的情况.须注意的是教师不可讳疾忌医,应以求教者的身份虚心请学生发言,少听赞扬,多听批评,尽量不为自己辩解.这样做不但不会降低教师在学生心目中的地位,反而会密切师生关系,听到学生对自己教学的真实意见,有助于自己教学水平和教学质量的提高.对教学过程的各基本要素进行全面的综合分析和比较,找出存在的问题和不足,订出改进方案.真正的课堂教学就是让学生在快乐中学习,在幸福中成长；在学习中感受着快乐,在成长中收获着幸福.这是教学的最高境界,也是教师能力发挥的极致.此时的学习,再不是负担,再不是迫不得已,而是一种乐趣、一种享受、一种竞争、一种收获,学生在愿学、乐学的氛围中,学习积极性得到了极大的激发,主体地位得到了充分的体现.
