太阳西边出
1. 并列句我们可以将几个简单句连在一起,组成并列句,常用以下连词: and, but, so, yet, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but …as well, not only…but also 主谓一致: u 当主语由and , both…and 连接时,通常用复数谓语. Both the girls and the boy are his friends. u 当主语由neither… nor, either…or, not only…but also或or 连接时,谓语动词与 nor, or, but also后面的一致,在英语语法中，这被称为就近一致. Neither he nor I am going to the airport. Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad. 2. 一般现在时的复习,状态动词,标点符号的使用. 以下一些动词很少用与进行时态: appear(看起来), appreciate(鉴赏), believe(相信), feel(感觉到), forget(忘记), hear(听见), know(知道), like(喜欢), look like(看起来像), notice(注意到), remember(记得), resemble(形似), see(看到), think(认为), understand(理解), have(拥有),love(爱), seem(看起来), show(显示), mind(介意), sound(听起来), hate(讨厌), detest(憎恨), desire(意欲), 引号: n 引号位于一行之上,应该在句尾其他标点符号, 如逗号,句号,问好之外. n 引语的第一个词以大写字母开头. n 在said, asked, 等词后面用逗号,只有当它们位于句尾时才在它们后面用句号. n 当said, asked等词置于引语之间时,句子的后半部分以小写开头. n 当一个新的说话人开始讲话时, 要另起一个段落. 3. 复习一般过去时/不规则过去式和过去分词常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词在英语里约有300多个 put up(搭建), put out(扑灭), put on(穿上), put sb. up(为某人安排住宿), put up with(容忍), put down(抄写), put off(推迟), put away(放好，放到一边去) 4. 现在完成时复习/定语从句(见复合句部分) l 与现在完成时连用的时间副词: yet, just, before, recently, lately, ever, never, so far(迄今为止), up till now(直到现在), up to now(直到现在), since(自从), for a long time(很长时间), in the past/in the last few years(在过去的几年里), these days(目前), l 某些非延续性动词(动作开始变终止的动词), 在现在完成时中不 能与表示一段时间状语搭配: 例如:die, arrive, join, leave, go, refuse , fail, finish, buy, marry, divorce, awake, buy, borrow, lend, 这些动词并非不能用在现在完成时,而是不能接由for引导的时间状语.但是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用. Jane has gone away for a month. (wrong) Jane has been away for a month.(right) His father has died for two years. (wrong) His father has been dead for two years.(right) has gone to (去了某地,指人还在那里), have been to (去过某地, 人已经不在那里了)。 5. 一般过去时对比过去完成时,现在分词/过去分词 refuse/deny, bring/take/fetch, very/too 6. 冠词用法定冠词用法 (1)特指 (2)地理名词前加定冠词 l 河流the yellow river l 山脉 the Alps, the Himalayas l 海峡海湾the Taiwan Straits, the English Channel (3)由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加定冠词 l 国名及政治组织名the United States, the United Kingdom l 某些机构学校及建筑名 the British Museum l 由普通名词构成的报刊杂志名 the New York Times, the Times 零冠词 1. 街名 2. 广场名 3. 车站, 机场, 公园, 桥梁名: Kennedy Airport, Beijing Railway Station, London Bridge 4. 大学名 Yale University, Cambridge University 5. 节日名National Day, May Day, News Years’ Day 6. 多数杂志名 Time, Reader’s Digest 7. 物质名词一般意义 Water boils at 100 degrees. We can not live without air. 8. 抽象名词Life is short. Art is difficult to appreciate. 7. used to do 用法 Used to do 表示过去常常做某事现在不做了 I used to get up at seven o’clock. Experience, save, very/too 8. 比较级/最高级, 比较状语从句（见复合句-比较状语从句） A/one的区别 9. 介词用法 Passed/past, next/other 10. 被动语态总结一般现在时: is/am/are done 一般过去时: was/were done 现在进行时: is/am/are being done 现在完成时: have/has been done 过去完成时: had been done 一般将来时: will be done 过去将来时: would be done 过去进行时: was/were being done 情态动词: can be done, must be done, could be done, may be done, might be done, 情态动词完成式: can have been done, must have been done, could have been done, may have been done, might have been done, Call at(拜访某地), call out at(大声喊), call on(拜访某人), call sb up(给某人打电话), call off(取消) 11. 主语+谓语(感官动词)+doing表示正在发生的事情,+do 表示已经完成的动作. So/such So+adj. /adv. such+n. 固定用法：so many 12. 一般将来时will/be going to do will/be going to do一般情况下可以相互替换,但是要表示说话人决定做某事或者表示建议,请求, 肯定或不肯定等含义时只能用will. Watch/look at/follow, solid/firm/stable 13. 将来完成时 Hold/look, look forward to(期望), look out(当心), look up (查询,), look sb. up(拜访某人) 14. as if /though+虚拟语气, 过去完成时总结 as if /though 常在描述行为的动词后面使用, 如act/look/feel/appear/smell/sound, 后面要用虚拟语气 He looks as if he were a king. Her skin feels as if it were silk. The song sounds as if it were a sad story. He looked as if he had never lived in England. No sooner…than, hardly…when, country/countryside, continuously, continually, No sooner…than 一…就… 与过去完成时连用 I had no sooner come into the room than it began to rain. The bell had no sooner rung than the game began. 如果no sooner 放在句首, 主句的主谓结构倒装 No sooner had I come into the room than it began to rain. No sooner had the bell rung than it began to rain. Hardly…when 几乎没来得及…就… 与过去完成时连用 He had hardly got the money when the policeman caught him. I had hardly finished the last question when the exam ended. 如果hardly…when放在句首, 主句的主谓结构倒装 Hardly had he got the money when the policeman caught him. Hardly had I finished the last question when the exam ended. 15. 直接引语变间接引语 1. 引语前用that, 口语中可以省略 2. 根据句意改变人称 3. 时态变化: 一般现在时-一般过去时, 一般过去时-过去完成时, 一般将来时-过去将来时, 现在进行时-过去进行时, 现在完成时-过去完成时, can-could, may-might, must-had to, 4. 一些指示代词及表示地点及时间的词 this-that, these-those, now-then, today, tonight-that day, that night, this week-that week, yesterday-the day before, the previous day, last week- the week before, two days ago-two days before(earlier), tomorrow-the next (following) day, next week-the following week, here-there, come, bring-go, take 如果意思上没有必要改变就不用变了，比如在同一天说的话. She said she would come again tonight. He said he arrived yesterday morning. 几种特殊的间接引语 n 特殊疑问句, 语序要变为陈述语序 “Where are you going?” he asked. He asked me where I was going. n 一般疑问句, 要加if/whether “Will you come tomorrow?” he asked. He asked if I would come the next day. n 祈使句要变为不定式, 所使用的谓语要根据语气来选择 “Stay here,” the policeman said. The policeman requested him to stay there. “Close the window, please,” my mother said. My mother asked me to close the window. 常用的动词: advise, ask, beg, command(命令), order, warn, tell, urge(催促), invite, persuade, remind, forbid 16. 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法, make/do 对现在事实的虚拟, if从句中谈论的是想象的情况,主句则推测想象的结果结构: 主句用过去时, 从句用过去将来时 If you came here earlier, you would catch the train. If you spent more time on studying, you would get better result. If I were you, I would accept this offer. 注意: 如果if从句中的动词是be, 那么应该在第一和第三人称单数名词后用 were. Make/do用法 make conversation(聊天), make the bed(铺床), make a promise(许诺), make trouble(找麻烦), make progress(取得进步), make money(赚钱), make a speech(演讲,讲话), make mistakes(犯错误), make up one’s mind(下定决心) do one’s best(尽最大努力), do one’s homework(做家庭作业), do a few jobs(做家务), do sb. a favour(帮忙), do work(工作), do exercise(做练习), do shopping(购物), do business(做生意) 17. 情态动词need, must, have to 1. need 一般作为实义动词使用 l 需要某物He needs a hat. Does he need a hat? l 需要做某事need to do I need to have a rest. You need to finish your work. l 需要被…,主语与need 后的动词为被动关系:need doing=need to be done The flowers need watering. =The flowers need to be watered. 2. need用做情态动词时一般为否定形式needn’t(不必要), 可以用来回答含有must, have to 的一般疑问句, 与don’t have to 同义 Must I wash the dishes? No, you needn’t. 3. need 完成式needn’t have done 4. mustn’t 表示不应该,一般口气比较强硬,没有商量. You mustn’t get up late. Remark/observe, notice 18. have 用法总结 have a ride(骑), have a look(看), have a wash(洗), have a swim(游泳), have a fight(打架), have quarrel(吵架), have a try(尝试), have a rest(休息), have a smoke(吸烟), have a good sleep(睡觉) Pick sb up(接), pick up(拿出,学习,找到), pick out(挑出), 19. 情态动词can/could/be able to do 1. can 表示可能性 If you want, I can go with you. 2. 表示天生或学到的能力, 可以用can/could/be able to do, 三者都可以用在现在时和过去时中，在将来时中要用will be able to 3. 表示现在正在发生的事要用can Look! He can stand on his head. 4. 表示成果的完成某个具体动作时通常不用could而用be able to, 表示某动作没有成功用couldn’t Can he borrow a book successfully? Yes, he was able to borrow a book from his sister. No, he couldn’t. At 词组 At first(开始), at once(立即), at present(目前), at last(最后), at any rate(无论如何), at heart(本质上), at least(至少), at times(不时), at a loss(不知所措) 20. 复习动名词用法 1. 动名词可以做句子的主语,表语,宾语,介词宾语 2. 在含有介词的动词短语后面要用动名词, 如: look forward to, be accustomed to, be used to, be tired of , be thirsty of, go on, insist on etc. 3. 有些动词后面既可用动名词也可以用不定式,所表达的意思没有区别,常见的词: start, begin, continue, delay, mean, 4. 有些动词后面加不定式表示一件具体的事情，加动名词表示一种习惯. I like drinking coffee, but today, I like to drink some tea. 21. 复习 Steal/rob, pay back Steal表示偷偷摸摸的偷, 其宾语一般为物品 rob表示抢劫,其宾语一般是人或者某个处所 pay back 还钱, 报复 22. 介词用法 23. 复习 suggest 用法, 当建议用时后面加虚拟should +动词原形, should 可以省略. 24. 复习
筱晓鱼T3Y
1. After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. 时间状语从句 意思是“退休后，他把大部分时间用在园艺上”。after 引导时间状语从句。2.I have just received a letter from my old school, informing me ( that my former headmaster, Mr. Stuart Page,will be retiring next week.) 括号中that 引导的从句为非谓语现在分词informing 的宾语从句。3. All those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names ina large album which will be sent to the headmaster's home. 主句话的意思是： “凡是出钱凑份子为校长买礼物的人都在一本大的纪念簿上签名，这个纪念簿将会被送到校长家里。” 句子的主语是 All those 谓语动词是will sign 宾是 their names. in a large album 状语。who have contributed towards the gift 定语从句修饰 all those. which will be sent to the headmaster's home 也是定语从句修饰 albumWho 4。 .and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillinglyto school. （当我们不愿去上课时，他给予我们和蔼可亲的鼓励） when we went so unwillingly to school. 时间状语从句； he gave us 省略引导词的定语从句修饰 encouragement 5. It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, Mr.Pagewill have been teaching for a total of forty years. （ 这真是奇妙的巧合！佩奇退休那一天，刚好是他从事教学工作整整四十周年的纪念日） It 形式主语； that the day before his retirement, Mr.Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. 是真正主语从句。
小桥人家1982
新概念英语第二册课文详解
引导语：新概念英语第二册课文详解，希望能够帮助到您，谢谢您的阅读。
课文详注一 Further notes on the text
1.Last week I went to the theatre. 上星期我去看戏。
(1)句首的“Last week”点明叙述的事情发生的时间是上星期。因此整篇课文的时态基本上应是过去时(包括过去进行时)，直接引语部分的时态除外。
(2)动词go的原义是离开一个地方去另一个地方，与介词to连用后，常加上主语所要去的目的地来代表主语的动作目的。
课文中go to the theatre = go to the theatre to see a play，即去剧场看戏。类似的还有go to the cinema = go to the cinema to see a film(去电影院看电影)。这种表达方式简明扼要。
请注意在以下的短语中名词前通常不加冠词：
go to school 上学
go to bed 上床睡觉
go to church 上教堂，去做礼拜 (cf.第1册第68课at school, at church;第1册第85课have been to school/church)
2.had a very good seat 座位很好
seat一般指戏院、汽车等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”的概念：
the front seat of a car 汽车的前座
Take a seat, please. 请坐。
3.The play was very interesting. 戏很有意思。
interesting属于现在分词形式的形容词，意思是“使人感兴趣”。
它通常与非人称主语连用或修饰某个事物：
This is an interesting book/idea.
这是一本有趣的书/一个令人感兴趣的主意。
4.…were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. ……坐在我的身后，大声地说着话。
这两句的时态为过去进行时。(cf.第7课语法)
5.I got very angry. 我变得非常生气。
get在这里有“逐渐变得”的含义，接近become，是个表示过程的动词，表示状态的变化。而I was very angry则仅表示当时的状态是生气，并不暗示过程。
6.in the end 最后，终于
表示一段较长的时间之后或某种努力之后：
She tried hard to finish her homework by herself. In the end, she had to ask her brother for help.
她试图自已完成家庭作业，但最后她不得不请她兄弟帮忙。
7.none of your business 不关你的事
(1) sb. 's business 某人(所关心的或份内)的事
It is my business to look after your health.
我必须照顾你的身体健康。
This is none of his business.
这根本不关他的事。
(2)表示否定的代词none意义上相当于not any或no one，但语气较强：
She kept none of his letters.
他的信件她一封也没有保留。
None of my friends left early.
我的朋友没有一个早离开的。
none of这个短语有时可以表达一种断然、甚至粗暴的口气，
尤其是在祈使句中：
None of your silly remarks!
别说傻话了!
8.a private conversation 私人间的谈话
在西方文化中人们对private(私人的，个人的)这个概念很看重。这个词的名词形式privacy有“隐私(权)”的意思。所以课文中的小伙子会振振有词地说“This is a private conversation!”不过他忘了他是在一个public place(公众场合)，而且他们的说话声太大，已经影响了别人。
课文详注二 Further notes on the text
1.It was Sunday. 那是个星期天。
在句子中，我们常常用it指时间、天气、温度或距离。这种it有时被称为“虚主语” (empty subject)，因为它没有实际意义。它之所以存在，是因为英语句子必须包含主语和谓语。请注意以下例句：
表示时间：
It is 8 o'clock.
8点了。
表示天气：
It's raining again.
又下雨了。
It is cold.
天气冷。
表示环境：
It was dark outside.
外面一片漆黑。
作为第3人称单数的中性代词，it可以指一件东西、一个事件或者用来指是什么人：
It was my aunt Lucy.
是我姑母露西。(打来电话者)
It is a lovely baby.
真是个可爱的小宝宝。
2.on Sundays 在星期天的时侯
(1)复数形式指每个星期日，或大部分星期日，与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为：
We do not go to school on Sundays.
星期天我们不上学。
I never get up early on Sundays.
星期天我从来不早起。
(2)介词on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：
on Monday 星期一
on Friday 星期五
on Monday morning 在星期一早上
on that day 在那一天
当我们使用last, next和this, that时，介词(以及定冠词)必须省略：
I'll see you next/this Friday.
下个/这个星期五再见。
Last Sunday I got up very late.
上个星期天我起得很晚。
3.I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. 有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的'时候。
(1)在表达卧床的意思时bed前不需加冠词：
You must stay/remain in bed for another two days.
你必须再卧床两天。
What time did you go to bed last night?
