美丽心情day006
美国饮食文化：
英文：One kind of the culture formation all should have certain history accumulation , general history sometimes is therefore likely to bring up one kind of cooking culture。
一种文化的形成都应具有一定的历史积累，一般历史往往就能造就一种饮食文化。
China has had two thousand long history many years , has created uncounted splendid civilization, before this culture contain middle。food and drink using Chinese has both extensive knowledge and profound scholarship especially 。
中国有着二千多年的悠久历史，创造了无数的灿烂文明，在这种文化蕴藏中，使中国的饮食更加博大精深，技术的高超，菜式的多样，造型的精致，的确令人惊叹。
the technology excellence , dyadic various of dish , the model delicacy, make people exclaim indeed。Because the United Kingdom immigrant in American is more , the dyadic beautiful dish is to develop on dyadic dish of English basis mainly。
由于在美国的英国移民较多，所以美式菜基本上是在英式菜的基础上发展起来的。
Another , the history because of American are short , tradition , conservative ideas are less 。fall into a groove neither on habits and customs, American gets rich agricultures of local herd a product , moves other combining with Europe。
另外，由于美国的历史短，传统、保守思想较少，在生活习惯上也不墨守成规，美国人得当地丰富的农牧产品，结合欧洲其他移民和当地印第安人的生活习惯，形成了独特的美国饮食文化。
美国和中国的饮食差别。
1、饮食观念的差异。
中国人吃的是口味。“味”，是中国饮食的魅力所在。中国人饮食的目的，除了果腹充饥，同时还满足对美味的渴望,带来身心的愉悦。
西方是一种理性的，讲求科学的饮食观念。西方饮食用绝对的理性来规范人的行为，用“科学”、“营养”来排斥能给人带来愉悦享受的美食,虽能满足生理需要，但不能使人从中获得精神上的愉悦,可谓美中不足。西方人注重营养，以至他们大多数是高大强壮的。
2、烹饪方法的差异。
在中国，烹调是一种艺术，它以极强烈的趣味性，甚至还带有一定的游戏性，吸引着以饮食为人生之至乐的中国人。烹调之于中国，简直与音乐、舞蹈、诗歌、绘画一样，拥有提高人生境界的伟大意义。
中国烹饪方法奇多：溜、焖、烧、汆、蒸、炸、酥、烩、扒、炖、爆、炒、砂锅、拔丝等无所不有，做出的菜肴更是让人眼花缭乱。
西方的烹饪方法不像中国那样复杂多变，西餐的装盘立体感强,可食性强，所有进盘的食品绝大多数都能食用，点缀品就是主菜的配菜。西餐的原料多选择新鲜、无污染、天然、操作工艺自然的，尽量发挥其本味，干货原料用的不是太多，牛奶在西餐中是不可缺少的原料。
3、用餐礼仪的差异。
在礼仪方面，中西之间更显不同。在中国古代的用餐过程中，就有一套繁文缛节。《礼记·曲记》载：“共食不饱，共饭不择手，毋放饭，毋固获；毋扬饭，卒食，客自前跪，撒饭齐以授相者，主人辞于客，然后客坐。”
这段话大意主要是：大家共同吃饭时，不可以只顾自己吃饭。如果和别人一起吃饭,必须检查手的清洁。不要把多余的饭放回锅里，不要专占着食物，也不要簸扬着热饭。
吃完饭后，客人应该起身向前收拾桌上的盘碟交给主人，主人跟着起身请客人不要劳动，然后客人再坐下。这些礼仪有的在现代也是必要的礼貌。
在西方宴席上，主人一般只给客人夹一次菜，其余由客人自主食用。若客人不要，就不再劝人家吃，也不按中国人的习惯频频给客人劝酒、夹菜。吃东西时不发出响声，但客人要注意赞赏主人准备的饭菜。若与人谈话，只能与邻座交谈，不要与距离远的人交谈。
参考资料：百度百科-美国饮食文化
颖儿yuki
American cultureThe main content of American culture is the emphasize on individuals' value, the pursue of democracy and freedom, the promotion of deploitation(开拓, 经营) and competition and the need of realistic and practicality. Its core is individualism: self first, personal need first, pursue of individual benefit and enjoyment, emphasize on achieving individual value by self-strive and self-design. This type of intentionally build up of personality and pursue customized individualism has its pros and cons, it gives incentives to people and make them exert on their potential and wisdom and as a result accelerate the development of the entire race and nation; on the other hand it is difficult to keep good relationship among people if everyone is egocentric thus make the entire society lack of unity.egocentric: .自我中心的, 利己主义的American citizens emphasize on achievements and respect heroes. They have great sense in their hearts to praise success and heroes. Personal achievements are one of those with the highest value in Americans mind. Americans have very strong senses of success. Success is the pursuit of most Americans, it is their attractive future and the incentives for moving forward. They believe that one's personal value is equivalent to his achievements in his career. Some high achievers in their career such as entrepreneurs, scientists, artists and all kinds of super starts became modern heroes. The process and result of how they strived have become the frame of reference of social culture value and the real life text book for parents to educate their children. incentive: Serving to induce or motivate:American society has great movements within itself. These movements are shown in two aspects: movements amongst locations and movements inside the society. The United States are relatively more open and have more freedom. Developed transport and the tradition of adventure and sporty makes a lot of American migrate from countryside to cities, from downtown to uptown; and from north to the southern sunny land, from one city to another. Unlike European countries, the social classes in America is not so stable. Further more, with the advocation of public education, movements upwards along the social ladder have become possible. Many people living in the states, no matter whether they are Native American or immigrants from overseas, have the same dream of changing their social class and make their lifetime dream come true through their own efforts. This is what they often called "American dream".advocation：(=advocacy)拥护；支持美国文化的主要内容是强调个人价值，追求民主自由，崇尚开拓和竞争，讲求理性和实用，其核心是个人中心主义：个人至上、私欲至上、追求个人利益和个人享受，强调通过个人奋斗、个人自我设计，追求个人价值的最终实现。这种刻意塑造自我，追求个性化的个人主义有其积极的一面，也有消极的一面。它调动了个人的积极性，使许多人的智慧和潜力得以充分发挥，从而促进整个民族与国家的振兴和发展。然而，人人以我为中心，人际关系就难以融洽，整个社会也会缺乏凝聚力。美国公众注重成就，仰慕英雄，有深厚的成就崇拜和英雄崇拜的心理积淀。个人成就是所有美国人价值观中评价最高的价值之一。美国人有很强的成就(或成功)意识。成功是所有美国人的追求，是诱人的前景，前进的动力。他们坚信，一个人的价值就等于他在事业上的成就。一些事业有成的企业家、科学家、艺术家和各类明星，成了新时代的英雄。他们个人奋斗的过程和结果，成了社会文化价值取向的参照系，父母教育子女的活教材。美国是流动性很大的社会。这种流动体现在两个方面：地域性流动和社会性流动。美国相对的开放自由、发达的交通和冒险好动的传统使许多美国人从乡村流到城市，又从市中心流向郊区；从北方流到南方阳光地带，从一个城市流到另一个城市。美国社会阶级不像欧洲国家那样固定，加上公共教育的普及，使沿着社会阶梯向上流动成为可能。许多生活在美国的人，无论是土生土长的美国人，还是漂洋过海来到美国的外国移民，都有一个梦，即通过自己的努力，改变自己的社会地位，实现自己的人生梦想，这就是人们常津津乐道的“美国梦”。
