江河装饰
时态无疑是初中英语最重要的语法内容，学好时态基本就拿下了语法的半壁江山。,我在这里整理了初中英语的八大时态，希望能帮助到大家。
一般现在时一
1. 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2. 基本结构：①is/am/are;②do/does
否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
3. 一般疑问句：①把is/am/are动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
4. 用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
例如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east ofChina. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。
例如：Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例如：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
例如：I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
5) 一般现在时表示将来含义
a. 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
b. 在时间或条件句中。
例如：When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
一般过去时二
1. 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2. 基本结构：①was/were;②行为动词过去式
否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
3. 用法
1) 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
例如：Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2) 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
注意：used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。
例如：Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
现在进行时三
1. 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2. 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
3. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing
否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
4. 用法：
1) 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
例如： We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
2) 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
3) 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
例如：The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
4) 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
5) 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬时动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。
例如：I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
过去进行时四
1. 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。
2. 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3. 基本结构：was/were+doing
否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
4. 用法
1) 过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
2) 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。
时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。
What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?
昨天晚上九点她在做什么? (介词短语表示时间点)
She was doing her homework then.
那个时候她正在写作业。(副词表示时间点)
When I saw him he was decorating his room.
当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点)
3) 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。
When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)
一般将来时五
1. 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2. 时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by the day after tomorrow, etc.
3. 基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do;②will + do.
否定形式：①am/is/are+not+going to + do②will not(won't)+ do.
一般疑问句：①am/is/are放于句首;②will提到句首。
4. will主要用于在以下三个方面：
1) 表示主观意愿的将来。
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.
明天他们将去厂参观工厂。
I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.
我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。
2) 表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。
Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.
今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。
He will be thirty years old this time next year.
明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。
3) 表示临时决定，通常用于对话中。
—Mary has been ill for a week.
玛丽病了一周了。
—Oh, I didn't know. I will go and see her.
噢，我不知道。我去看看她。
5. be going to主要用于一下两个方面：
1) 表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
2) 表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。
过去将来时六
1. 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2. 时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.
3. 基本结构：①was/were/going to + do;②would + do.
否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would + not + do.
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②would 提到句首。
4. 用法
1) “would+动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。例如：
He said he would come to see me.
他说他要来看我。
He told me he would go to Beijing.
他告诉我他将去北京。
2) “was/ were+going to+动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如：
She said she was going to start off at once.
她说她将立即出发。
I was told that he was going to return home.
有人告诉我他准备回家。
此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看，很可能或即将发生的事情。例如：
It seemed as if it was going to rain.
看来好像要下雨。
3) come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。例如：
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。
She told me she was coming to see me.
她告诉我她要来看我。
现在完成时七
1. 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在并且有可能继续下去的动作或状态。
2. 时间状语：recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years, etc.
3. 基本结构：have/has + done
否定形式：have/has + not +done.
一般疑问句：have或has。
4. since的三种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
例如：I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2) since +一段时间+ ago。
例如：I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3) since +从句(一般过去时)。
例如：Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
比较since和for
since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
例如：I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
过去完成时八
1. 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2. 时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.
3. 基本结构：had + done.
否定形式：had + not + done.
一般疑问句：had放于句首。
4. 用法
1) 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句种。
例如：She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
2) 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。
例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
3) 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,
suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。
例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
注意： had hardly… when... 刚......就......。
例如：I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。
例如：He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
相关知识：学习英语的好方法
一.初中英语单词背诵技巧大全
单词是英语学习的基础，所以背诵单词是初中英语学习方法中最重要的一步。不要背诵简单的背诵，没有后退的路。大多数初中生只死记硬背单词，没有学会把单词放在上下文中。这种背诵单词的方法很费力，容易忘记。所以我们应该试着把单词放到上下文中，理解发音规则来记忆单词。虽然在早期阶段使用这种方法需要大量的精力和时间，但是我们对后者的了解越多，我们就会越顺利。我们首先要养成背单词的突出习惯，然后才能起草初中英语学习的满分方式。
二.初中英语语法学习办法
初中英语学习阶段的语法内容属于结构建构阶段。如果在这个阶段学习好语法，高中英语语法就会容易得多。因此，学生首先要弄清楚的是，初中英语语法的重点在于词法，而不是句法。因此，现阶段，我们必须对名词、动词、介词、形容词等各种词的词形、特征以及如何进行总体配置进行深入的研究。提倡学生每天学习拼词点，用相应的问题理解语法学习，做好笔记，以便课后随时阅读。
三.初中英语写作练习技巧归类
在初中英语学习方法中，写作是最难掌握的知识点。写作不仅是语法和词汇的组合，还包括学生自身的逻辑思维和辩 思维。因此，在初中写作学习中，我们应该学会多阅读，多模仿。除了满分作文外，还必须善于背诵高句型，以达到“读万卷，写有精神”，多读的目的。遵循你自己的写作水平。
只是从简单的小学英语变成了较为正式的初中英语学习体系，很多学生不会适应，但我们必须学会调整自己的学习状况，掌握正确的初中英语学习方式才能使你的英语学习更容易!
twinkle100
Ⅰ. 初中英语八种时态归纳复习 时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容,广大初中学生在实际运用时,往往对时态总是倍感棘手,下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态. 一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况. 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词 否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词. 一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词. 二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为. 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词 否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词. 一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词. 三、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为. 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首. 四、过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作. 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等. 基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首. 五、现在完成时： 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态. 时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc. 基本结构：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +d one. 一般疑问句：have或has. 六、过去完成时： 概念：以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”. 时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc. 基本结构：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首. 七、一般将来时： 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事. 时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do；②will/shall + do. 否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词. 一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首. 八、过去将来时： 概念：立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中. 时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc. 基本结构：①was/were/going to + do；②would/should + do. 否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should 提到句首. Ⅱ. 几种常见时态的相互转换 英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式： 一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能.但是,可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中.请看： A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换 在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等.此短语可与进行时态转换.请看： Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换 在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作.如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看： The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换 “be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动词shall.在口语中,所有人称都可以用will.请看： We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday. Ⅲ. 中考动词时态考点分析 一、 根据时间状语确定时态的原则 1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes. (2002辽宁) A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began [析] 1. C.since后接时间的起点,for后接时间段,主句动词用现在完成时,应注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的使用. 二、 在复合句根据时态呼应确定时态的原则 2. Do you know if back next week? If he back, please let me know. (2002黑龙江 ) A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comes C. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come [析] 2. C.if既可引导宾语从句,也可引导状语从句.充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义是“是否”.充当状语从句的连接词时,词义是“如果”.从时态看,if引导宾语从句时谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化；引导表示将来动作或状态的条件句时,若主句用一般将来时,则从句通常用一般现在时表示将来. 三、 根据上下文已有时态信息点确定时态的原则 3. –When this kind of computer ? --Last year. (2002天津) A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used [析] 3. B.此例由下句的时间状语推断出一般过去时态,并且要考虑到被动语态. 四、 利用上下文语意确定时态的原则 4. –Hi! Lin Tao. I didn’t see you at the party. --Oh, I ready for the maths exam. (2002江西) A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got [析] 4. B.此例由didn’t, at the party推断出应用过去进行时. 五、 时态中的“特殊”对策的原则 5. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day. (2002辽宁) A. is B. was C. has been D. will be [析] 5. A. 有些动词其动词的时态是“违背常理”的.如宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或客观真理时,其时态不受主句限制而用一般现在时表示. Ⅳ. 中考实战题练兵 A) Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verb tense: 1. Mr Brown will go fishing if it (not rain) tomorrow. (2002徐州市) 2. I think he (be) back in a week. (2002南京市) 3. –Who (knock) at the door? --I don’t know. Let me go and see. (2002连云港市) 4. Bill is strict with himself. He never (leave) today’s work for tomorrow. (2002连云港市) 5. -- your uncle (return) the video tapes to Mr Fox? --No. They’re still in his bedroom. (2002南通市) 6. By the end of last term, they (work) there for ten years. (2002辽宁) 7. Mr. Wang (read) a newspaper in the office at this time yesterday. (2002上海市) 8. Mr. Green and his wife (live) in London for a few years before they (come) to work in China in 2001. (2002曲靖市) 9. They never knew what (happen) to the world in a hundred years. (2002南充) 10. About 400 years ago, Galileo(伽利略) proved that the earth (go) around the sun. (2002陕西) B) Complete the following sentences: 1. When I got to the cinema, (电影已经开始了二十分钟了). (2001黄岗) 2. (有一场音乐会)a concert tomorrow afternoon. (2000甘肃) 3. It’s three years since he (入团). (2001宁夏) 4. Please let me know (他一回来). (2000陕西) 5. I (正要入睡) when there was a loud knock at the door. (2000新疆) Part B Voices Ⅰ.The Passive Voice 一、Voices: The Active and Passive Voices Active Voice 主动语态 Passive Voice Many people speak English. English is spoken by many people. They found the dinosaur eggs in Liaoning. The dinosaur eggs were found in Liaoning. We must do something to stop the pollution. Something must be done to stop the pollution. 二、The formations of the passive voices of different tenses(A): 方 式 时 间 一 般 进 行 完 成 现 在 am is + pp. are am is being + pp. are has been + pp. have 过 去 was + pp. were was being + pp. were had been + pp. 将 来 shall be + pp. will 过 去 将 来 should be + pp. would The formations of the passive voices of modal verbs(B): must/can/ may/should + be + pp. 三、When to use the Passive Voice: 1. 行为主体不明确,不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时. Football is played all over the world. 2. 不易找到或根本就找不到动作的执行者时. My bike was stolen. 3. 汉语含有“据说”、“有人说”等时. It is said that another bridge has been built over the Changjiang River. 4. 汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时. Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao. 5. 汉语中没有“被”、“由”等词,而在原句中试加这类词且句意通顺时. These songs are usually sung by boys. 6. 某些句子习惯上用被动语态. He was born in October, 1988. 7. 表示礼貌时. You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8:00p.m. tomorrow. （Note: 用于被动语态中的动词是及物动词,不及物动词不能用被动语态.） Ⅱ. 中考实战题练兵 A) Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verbs given: 1. Last month, in the first match of the 17th World Cup, France (beat) 0-1 by a new team—Senegal. (2002南京市) 2. How many fridges (produce) in China in the last two years? (2002徐州市) 3. No dictionary should (bring) to the English exam, boys and girls! (2002连云港市) 4. That day each of us (give) ten dollars after we finish the work. (2002连云港市) 5. They (warn) not to touch the machine while they were visiting the workshop. (2001吉林) B) Multiple Choice: ( ) 1. I don’t know the school, but it’s to be quite a good one. (2002苏州市) A. told B. spoken C. talked D. said ( ) 2. Please don’t stand up in class until you . (2002泰州市) A. were told to B. are told to C. were told D. are told ( )3. If Mg in O2, we MgO, and it combination reaction (化学变化). (2202泰州市) A. will burn; get; calls B. burns; will get; called C. will burn; can get; is calling D. burns; will get; is called ( ) 4. Please tell me when on the wall. (2002无锡市) A. has this map hung B. was this map hung C. this map has hung D. this map was hung ( ) 5. The doctor will operate on him at once as soon as he the hospital. (2002常州市) A. is sent to B. will be taken to C. leaves D. doesn’t return ( ) 6. They won’t be back until the work . (2002南通市) A. do B. does C. is done D. will do ( ) 7. The medicine cool, clean and dry. (2001天津市) A. must keep B. must be kept C. must be carried D. must be in ( ) 8. –Where’re the old houses here? --Oh, they by the end of last century, and a new tall building here soon. (2002深圳市) A. have been pulled down; is going to be built B. were pulled down; will be built C. had been pulled down; is going to be built D. had been built; is going to be pulled down ( ) 9. You can’t leave now. There are still twenty more trees . (2002河北) A. to plant B. being planted C. plant D. to be planted ( )10. –Where’s your car? --There’s something wrong with it and it in the garage now. (2001 四川) A. is repaired B. is being repaired C. has been repaired D. will be repaired C) Put the following into English: 1. 近五年来在西昌已发射了几颗人造卫星.(2002南京市) Several man-made satellites in Xichang in the past five years. 2. 请你告诉我这把锁是用什么制成的好吗?(2002无锡市) Would you please tell me ? 3. 那个博物馆是八年前建造的.(2002苏州市) . 4. 必须采取措施阻止人们砍伐树木.(2002泰州市) to stop people from cutting trees down. 5. When he got there, he found all the food (都吃光了). (2002通化市)
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中考中常会出现的八大基本时态在英语中共有16种时态，下面就英语中常见的8种基本时态进行阐述，其它的时态都是在这8种时态的基础上结合而成的。 1.一般现在时的用法 1）一般现在时表示经常发生的习惯性的动作或目前所处的状态，主语具备的性格和能力。 I get up at six thirty in the morning. 我早上六点半起床。 The boy goes to school by bike every day. 这个男孩每天骑自行车上学。 I am a student in No. 1 Middle School. 我是第一中学的学生。 2）一般现在时常用频率副词或短语来作时间状语： often, usually, always, sometimes , seldom, every day (week, year, night), twice a month, three times a week. They often play football after school.他们经常放学后踢足球。 We visit our grandparents once a week. 我们一个星期看望祖父母一次。 3）在一般现在时中，如果主语是第三人称时，行为动词要进行变化，变化规则如下： 它的变化规则和名词单复数的变化规则很相似。 一般在词尾加s： clean, keep, return, plan cleans, keeps, returns, plans 以字母s, x, sh, ch, o 结尾的词，加es finish, miss, watch, go, fix finishes, misses, watches, goes, fixes 以字母e结尾直接加s wake, ride, dance, use wakes, rides, dances, uses 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先改y为i，再加es dry, study, worry dries, studies, worries 4）某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, start等，在一般现在时中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。 The bus comes at 3 o'clock.汽车三点钟到。 Tomorrow is Monday.明天是星期一。 2. 一般过去时的用法 一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，一般过去时常和表示过去时间的词、词组或从句连用，如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago等，上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语，但绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用其他时态。例如： I worked in that factory last year.去年我在那家工厂工作。 一般过去时的句子要用动词的过去式来表示，规则动词的过去式，就是在动词后面加ed的动词形式，例如： I visited the park yesterday. 本句的visited就是动词的过去式。 不规则动词的过去式与过去分词需要逐个去记。 3. 一般将来时的用法 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可以表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。一般将来时由“will或shall+动词原形” 构成。shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称，但是现在第一人称一般也用will，其区别并不明显。一般将来时常常和表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，next week，in 2008等。例如： Li Lei will visit her grandmother tomorrow morning. 明天上午，李蕾将去看望她奶奶。 另外，“be going to＋动词原形”结构常用来表示按照主观意图打算或按计划，安排将要做的事，有“打算、就要”的意思。也常用于表示从迹象上表明将要发生的事情，多指个人主观臆断的推测。如： They are going to play football this afternoon. 他们打算今天下午踢足球。 Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 看这些云，要下雨了。 4. 现在进行时的用法 1）现在进行时一般用来表示现在(说话的瞬间)正在发生或进行的动作或者表示现阶段经常发生的动作，常与now，right now，at the moment等连用或者用在look, listen开头的句子。现在进行时谓语动词的形式为：be(am, is, are) + 实义动词的 -ing 形式。 如： They are watching TV now. 现在他们正在看电视。（正在进行的动作） We are working on the farm these days. 这几天我们一直在农场劳动。（现阶段发生的动作） They are having lunch now.现在他们正在吃午饭。 Look! they are playing basketball. 看！他们正在打篮球。 2）现在进行时有时还表示根据计划或安排将要做某事。 I am going to America tomorrow.明天我将去美国。 They are having a math test next Friday. 下个星期五他们将有数学考试。 3）表示感觉，愿望和状态的某些动词，如have, be, hear, see, like等词一般不用进行时。 5. 过去进行时的用法 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻，某一阶段正进行的动作，由“was (were)+现在分词”构成。例如： In 1980 he was studying in a university. He was reading a novel when I came in. 6. 现在完成时的用法 现在完成时由“have+过去分词”构成。其使用有两种情况： 1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。句中没有明显时间状语。例如： He has gone to Fuyang . (说话人认为他不在该地) He has been to Fuyang. （说话人认为他在该地） 2）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或so far, now, today, this week (month, year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。例如： He has studied English for 5 years. He has studied English since 1985. Now I have finished the work. 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的词连用。 3）现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。例如： I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we will go to the park. 7. 过去完成时的用法 1）过去完成时由“had+过去分词” 构成，过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作状态。句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。例如： By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. 2）过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间。例如： Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. 8.过去将来时的用法 过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看将要发生的动作或状态。过去将来时由“should或would+动词原形”构成。第一人称用should,其他人称用would。例如： They were sure that they would succeed. 如果还有什么不清楚的地方，欢迎下次再问。
