初中英语易混词组

1. come & be here[误] He has come here for three hours.[正] He came here three hours ago.[正] He has been here for three hours.come是瞬间动词，不是延续性动词，在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。而要与表示一段时间的状语连用，就要用延续动词。与此同类的还有borrow/lend-keep; join-be in/at; die-be dead; buy-have; leave-be away,etc.2. cost & take & spend & pay[误] I cost a lot of time to read stories.[正] It cost me a lot of time to read stories.[正] I spent a lot of time reading stories.cost除了钱的花费以外，还能表示时间上的花费，但常用物做主语。spend句子主语是人，可指花费时间和金钱，但后面的动词要用-ing形式，后面也可跟名词短语，介词用on。pay句子主语是人，常与for连用，buy也常与for连用，但花费“钱”要放在介词for后面，而pay则放在介词for前面。3. join & take part in[误] He joined the League for two years.[正] He joined the League two years ago.[正] He has been in the League for two years.[正] He has been a League member for two years.join指“参加”组织，成为一个成员，join sb.意思是“加入某人”，take part in指参加活动特别是大的运动；如指“参加…多长时间”就要用延续动词be in或be a …member，而不能用join。4. borrow & lend & keep[误] She has lent me the book for a week.[正] She lent me the book a week ago.[正] It’s a week since she lent me the book.borrow和lend是短暂性动词，在肯定句里不和表示一段时间的状语连用，keep延续动词，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。borrow意思是“借(进)”，后面跟介词from，lend意思是“借(出)”，后面跟介词to，lend也可用于某些成语中，如lend sb. a hand。5. lie & lay & lain[误] She laid down the book and laid in bed.[正] She laid down the book and lay in bed.lie有两个意思，一个是“说谎”，过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d；另一个是“躺，卧；位于”，是不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词是lay、lain，现在分词是lying。lay意思是“放；孵(蛋)”，其过去式和过去分词是laid、laid。6. be made in & be made of & be made from & be made up of [误] The table is made from wood.[正] The table is made of wood.be made in意思是“由……生产”，强调产地；be made of意思是“用……制成”，强调从成品上能看出原料，制成物没改变原料的本质；be made from意思也是“用……制成”，强调从制成物上看不出原料，制成物已改变原料的本质；be made up of意思是“由……构成或组成”，指人或物都可，指结构成分。7. stop to do & stop doing[误] He was too tired, so he stopped having a rest.[正] He was too tired, so he stopped to have a rest.[误] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop to talk.[正] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop talking.stop to do意思是“停下(正做的事)(开始)去做(别的某事)”，带to的不定式在句子中作目的状语；stop doing意思“停止做某事(不做了)”，带-ing形式的动名词在句子中作宾语。