小小小雨桐
Unit One My classroom 语法知识点(一) Where引导的特殊疑问句。were是一个特殊疑问词表示在哪里。例如:我的钢笔在哪里?回答应该是一个具体的地方。例如:它在文具盒里。 例句:Where is it? 它在哪儿? It's near the door. 它在门边上。 注意:where is一般缩写为where's It is 一般缩写成it's 语法知识点(二) 特殊疑问句what表示什么,引导的简单的疑问句,例如:这是什么?回答是具体的事物。 句子结构:what+系动词+表语 例句;What's in the classroom?教室里有什么? One blackboard,one tv.一块黑板和一台电视。 语法知识点(三) have的简单用法。have最简单的意思是拥有的意思,当然它还有很多用法。have的前面一般是用主语,除了第三人称以外的人称都接have.例如我有一个篮球,他们有很多书。 例句:I have a pen.我有一只钢笔。 You have an apple.你有一个苹果。Unit Two My schoolbag 语法知识点(一) What colour引导的疑问句,问什么颜色?回答是具体的颜色,如红色或绿色。 句子结构:what colour+系动词+sb/sth 例句:What colour is it?它是什么颜色? It's green.它是绿色的。Unit Three My ftiends 语法知识点(一) 介绍人物的特征,比如她又瘦又矮。 句子结构:主语+系动词+形容词或副词。 例句:look! He's tall and strong.看!他又高又壮! 语法知识点(二) Who引导的疑问句,问是谁,比如:那个人是谁?回答是具体的人,例如:她是我的妈妈。 句子结构:who+be+sb 例句:Who is she?她是谁? She is my friend.她是我的朋友。 注意:如果介绍一个人带眼镜时,记得用复数glasses.Unit Four My home 语法知识点(一) 一般疑问句以及它的回答。这里涉及的是以系动词开头的问句,例如:她在厨房吗?回答有两种形式:是的,她在。或者 不,她不在。 句子的结构 Is/am/are+主语+表语 例句:Is she in the room?她在房间吗? 回答:Yes, she is./No, she isn't.是的,她在。/不,她不在。 注意:如果用are提问,后面跟的主语是复数,例如他们。 一般疑问句如果用is提问,回答也用is.也就是说用什么提问就一定用什么回答。 语法知识点(二) 特指某人或某物具体在某个地方要用the 例如:他们在书房吗?此时这个书房不是泛指的书房而是特定某个书房的,所以书房前加the。 例句:Are they in the study?他们在书房吗?Unit Five Dinner's ready 语法知识点(一) What would you like的简单用法,表示你想吃点什么。回答就是具体想吃的食物。例如:你想吃点什么?回答:我想吃一些面包。 例句:What would you like for dinner?晚饭你想吃什么? 回答:I would like some bread and soup. 我需要一些面包和汤。 注意:一般I would缩写成I'd 语法知识点(二) 常用到的固定短语 Here you are.给你! Help yourself!随便吃!Unit Six Meet my family 语法知识点(一) 问你家里有多少人,回答是具体几个人。 例如:How many people are there in your family?你家里有几个人? 回答:Three.my parents and me.三个。我父母和我。 注意:how many后面加名词的复数。people的单复数是一样的。 语法知识点(二) 介绍某人。例如:这是我的妈妈。 句子结构:This/that+be+sb 例句:This is my teacher.这是我的老师。 That is my mother.那是我的妈妈。 语法知识点(三) 介绍某人的职业。例如:我的爸爸是老师。 句子结构:sb+be+a+职业 例句:She is a nurse.她是一个护士。
nixiaoyanzz
英语学习 是必然的,从几年的学习过程中也领会了一些怎样应用策略的 方法 ,如何学习才能更家对英语有兴趣,最终学好英语必须要多下功夫。下面是我整理的初中英语知识点,欢迎大家阅读学习!
宾语从句
1.语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:
(1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有: who, what, which等。如:
Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?
The small children don't know what is in their stockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西。
I don't know which belongs to my father.
(2)连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有:whose, what, which, how many, how much等。如:
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问我们房间里有多少人。
(3)连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的`连接词有:who(m), what, which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)。如:
He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?
(4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有:what, which, how many, how much, how等。如:
Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗?
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
2.连接词
(1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
(2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.
但在下列情况下只能用whether:
①在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:
Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whethe or not he will come)
I don't know whether/if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.
②在介词之后用whether。如:
I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。如:
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否 拜访 那位老人。
I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如:
Whether this is true or not, I can't say.这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如:
Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
⑥ 若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。如:
Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为:a. Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。B. If you like the book, please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我。
(3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如:
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?
疑问词是疑问代词“who, whom, what, which, whose”和疑问副词“when, where, how, why”。此外,连接词“whether”也适用。
“疑问词+不定式动词”结构有何功用呢?其主要功用有下列五种:
⑴当主语,如:
When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
Where to live is a problem.
How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussiontopic.
⑵当宾语,如:
We must know what to say at a meeting.
He could not tell whom to trust.
Do you know how to play bridge?
⑶当补足语,如:
The problem is where to find the financial aid.
The question is who to elect.
⑷当名词同位语,如:
Tom had no idea which book to read first.
Do you have a rough impression how to do it?
⑸当宾语补足语,如:
Jim is not sure whose to choose.
Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not.
适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括:“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover,explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder,understand”等。
有点值得特别注意的是:当这结构当宾语时,它的作用等于名词分句,例如:
I could not decide which dictonary to buy./ I could not decide whichdictionary I should buy.
Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not knowwhere he could find such a good teacher.
有些动词,如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform,teach”等,可以先有个宾语,然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构。例如:
The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine.
Have you told him where to get the application form?
现在进行时
现在进行时表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。常与now,at the moment,look,listen等词连用。
The little boy is watching TV now.
这个小男孩现在正在看电视。
Listen!She is playing the guitar in the next room.
听!她正在隔壁房间弹吉他。
现在进行时的基本结构:
肯定式:am/is/are+doing(现在分词)
否定式:am/is/are not +doing(现在分词)
一般疑问式:Am/Is/Are + 主语 +doing(现在分词)+ 其他
特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式
They’re having a meeting now.
他们现在正在开会。
They aren't having a meeting now.
他们现在没有在开会。
Are they having a meeting now?
他们现在正在开会吗?
What are they doing now?
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