白鲸记总结英文

Written by one of America's greatest authors, Moby-Dick is a work of tremendous power and depth-one of world literature's great poetic epics. In the novel, published in 1851 after sixteen months of writing, Herman Melville recounts the Promethean quest of Captain Ahab, who, having lost a leg in a earlier battle with White Whale, is determined to catch the beast and destroy it. By the time readers meet Ahab, he is a vengeful, crazed, and terror-provoking figure, for Moby Dick has come to represent for him all the evil in the world. The relentless voyage of Ahab and his crew, a finely etched group of weird and wonderful characters who seem both flesh-and-blood individuals and symbolic of the varying qualities of men, becomes a masterful drama of life at sea. The drama is made more fascinating by Melville's eloquent style-a combination of the journalistic, colloquial, and poetic-and the themes and subjects he pursues-whales and whaling; mean's need for love and comradeship; and the fury of Ahab for the whale. Through realistic storytelling, symbolic allegory, and allusive and figurative language, Melville achieves in Moby-dicka special intensity that readers will marvel at, and not soon forget.

Moby-Dick is a highly symbolic work, and is interesting in that it also addresses issues such as natural history. Other themes include obsession, religion, idealism versus pragmatism, revenge, racism, hierarchical relationships, and politics. Symbolism All of the members of the Pequod's crew have biblical-sounding, improbable, or descriptive names, and the narrator deliberately avoids specifying the exact time of the events and some other similar details. These together suggest that the narrator—and not just Melville—is deliberately casting his tale in an epic and allegorical mode. The white whale itself, for example, has been read as symbolically representative of good and evil, as has Ahab. The white whale has also been seen as a metaphor for the elements of life that are out of our control, or God.[citation needed] The Pequod's quest to hunt down Moby-Dick itself is also widely viewed as allegorical. To Ahab, killing the whale becomes the ultimate goal in his life, and this observation can also be expanded allegorically so that the whale represents everyone's goals. Furthermore, his vengeance against the whale is analogous to man's struggle against fate. The only escape from Ahab's vision is seen through the Pequod's occasional encounters with other ships, called gams. Readers could consider what exactly Ahab will do if he, in fact, succeeds in his quest: having accomplished his ultimate goal, what else is there left for him to do? Similarly, Melville may be implying that people in general need something to reach for in life, or that such a goal can destroy one if allowed to overtake all other concerns. Some such things are hinted at early on in the book, when the main character, Ishmael, is sharing a cold bed with his newfound friend, Queequeg: ... truely to enjoy bodily warmth, some small part of you must be cold, for there is no quality in this world that is not what it is merely by contrast. Nothing exists in itself. If you flatter yourself that you are all over comfortable, and have been so a long time, then you cannot be said to be comfortable any more. — Moby-Dick, Ch. 11 Ahab's pipe is widely looked upon as the riddance of happiness in Ahab's life. By throwing the pipe overboard, Ahab signifies that he no longer can enjoy simple pleasures in life; instead, he dedicates his entire life to the pursuit of his obsession, the killing of the white whale, Moby-Dick. A number of biblical themes occur. The book contains multiple implicit and explicit allusions to the story of Jonah, in addition to the use of certain biblical names (see below). Ishmael's musings also allude to themes common among the American Transcendentalists and parallel certain themes in European Romanticism and the philosophy of Hegel. In the poetry of Whitman and the prose writings of Emerson and Thoreau, a ship at sea is sometimes a metaphor for the soul.《白鲸记》是一个极具象征意义的工作,而且很有趣,因为它还去自然历史等问题。其他主题包括妄想、宗教、理想主义和务实、报复、种族歧视、层次关系,和政治。 象征 所有成员的“百戈号”的船员都biblical-sounding、令人不可思议的,或由描述性的名字,和旁白故意回避指明确切的时间以及其他一些类似的事件的细节。这些一起显示narrator-and Melville-is不仅仅是他的故事中故意铸件和寓言模式的史诗。 白鲸本身,例如,被读,象征性地代表善与恶的、有哈。白鲸也被看作是一个比喻为生命元素,是我们能控制的,还是要得神的心。[引文需要] “百戈号”的任务去追捕莫比本身也被广泛视为寓言。亚哈,杀死了鲸鱼成为终极目标,这在他的生活中也可以扩展观察鲸鱼的同时使每个人的目标。代表此外,他的复仇的鲸鱼是类似于人的斗争的命运。只有逃避他娶了亚哈的愿景是偶然碰到“百戈号”的通过与其他船只,称为gams。读者可以考虑到底要做的,如果他哈,事实上,成功地完成他的任务:在他的终极目标,还有什么别的医生所做的吗?同样,梅尔维尔可能暗示人们通常需要达到的生活,或者是这一目标可以摧毁一个超越所有其他如果允许关切。一些这样的东西暗示早期在这本书中,当主角,以实玛利,是共享寒冷和他的新朋友,床奎怪。 真正享受身体暖和……,一些很小的一部分,你必须是寒冷的,因为没有质量。在这个世界上,而不是仅仅是相反的。不存在的。如果你在恭维你自己,你都在舒适,已经很长一段时间之后,你不能说成是舒适的。 《白鲸记》,第11 - 他娶了亚哈的管广泛看作铲除幸福的生活。哈通过把管子入海中,哈意味着,他不再能享受生命中简单的乐趣;相反的,他将他的一生去追求他的妄想,白鲸、《白鲸记》。 《圣经》的主题的发生。这本书包含了多个内隐记忆和外显的引述的故事,乔纳,除了使用某些圣经的名字(见下文)。 以实玛利的情绪也提到主题中普遍存在,美国第一个在欧洲的浪漫主义的某些特定的主题平行的宗旨,黑格尔。在诗歌和散文作品的怀特曼埃莫森和梭罗,一艘船在海上有时是一个比喻为灵魂。

Moby dick is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc. but it is first a Shakespearean tragedy of man fighting against overwhelming odds in an indifferent and even hostile universe.1.Moby dick is a sprawling colossus into which the author kept dumping everything he saw as necessary to prove his point. 2. Moby dick represents the sum total of Melville’s bleak view of the world in which he lived. It is at once Godless and purposeless. Man in this universe lives a meaningless and futile life, meaningless because futile.3. One of the major themes in Melvilles is alienation, which he sensed existing in the life of his time on different levels, between man and man, man and society, and man and nature.4.Moby Dick reveals the basic pattern of nineteenth-century American life: loneliness and suicidal individualism in a self-styled democracy.

赫尔曼‧梅尔维尔的--白鲸记 十九世纪的美国作家，赫尔曼‧梅尔维尔(Herman. Mllville 1819一1891)在世的时候， 是一个没没无闻的作家， 一直到他死后的四十 年，也就是(白鲸记)出版了七十年后，他在美国文学的地位，才获 得崇高评价。 (白鲸记)(Moby Dick)(莫比迪克)，是写独脚的船长阿哈航行四海，追杀一条白鲸的冒险故事。全篇有四百四十二页，共分成八十四章，是一部(砖头巨著)。第 一章，作者道出为 什么人类自古以来，就向往海洋?为什么故事里的我，由普通的商船水手，转换生活较辛苦的捕鲸船?他的动机是:那只巨大的白鲸的引诱;好奇心使他向往去探险从未到过的新奇海洋。第三、四章介绍捕鲸船水手的粗犷、野蛮的性格;以极细密的线条，描绘(奎奎格)这个很突出的水手。由此，可看出1800年代的捕鲸人，在航海人与汹涌 波涛，与勇猛的巨鲸搏斗，所养成暴虐、残酷、粗野的性格。故事里的我上了捕鲸船，看到了满脸胡须，头发蓬松，皮肤被强烈的阳光晒黑，和曾经跟大鲸鱼交手过的 一群强壮的老水手，感受他们心里感到惶恐。 第六章叙述捕鲸渔港─新柏德佛的富裕，这个海港美丽的可爱 。第七章描写将要出海捕鲸的水手，和他们的妻子儿女 的沉默忧伤。他们心情不安，暗示海上生活的多难。就连奎奎格这个粗汉也会上教堂去祈求平安。这也暗示那时的捕鲸业是亡命的行业;死随时会降临到每个捕鲸水手的身上。因此，宗教和圣经里的故，紧紧掌握了捕鲸水手的人生思想。 这一些不同性格，不同层次的人生活在捕鲸船上;有假仁假义的文明人，也有粗野率真，诚朴的蛮子。故事里的我，他认识了真心的朋友─奎奎格;本来他是可沃可岛的帝王之子，自小有雄心壮志，想去多了解这一个文明世界，于是偷渡上轮船，好不容易才到了文明世界。可是这个蛮子所看到的文明人是凶恶的，文明的生活使他感到失望。最后他上了捕鲸船，成为一个杰出的捕鲸扠手。奎奎格外形虽然很丑陋、粗犷，却是一个好汉。在海上，他机智勇敢 ，冒死稳定了飞动的帆桅。他又跳进冰冻的海里，去营救那个曾经蔑视他的白人年轻水手，他的宽宏胸怀，是其他白人水手所不及的。 第十四章介绍的是南塔开特人，他们自古以来就是杰出的海洋冒险家，们生活在海洋，那儿彷佛就是他们的家;在这一章中概略介绍白鲸记里的最重要人物皮廓德号捕鲸船的阿哈船长，为什么他的性情会变得 非常暴躁?原来他的一条腿，是白鲸─莫比迪克咬掉的。从此，阿哈船长与这条曾经杀死三十多个水手的白鲸，有不共戴天的世仇。阿哈船长唯一愿望就是要捕杀白鲸泄恨。 在白鲸记第二十一章以后，故事里的重要人物开始次第出现，捕鲸船已航行到寂寞的大西洋。故事进行中，一再叙述阿 哈船长独特的性格。在第三十一章叙述，来自各个不同的地方、不同种族的人说著不同的语言，共同生活在同一条船上，被阿哈船长统御著， 航向四海去追杀白鲸的情形。 《以丰富的经验所写成的生动故事 》 在十九世纪，捕鲸业是一个冒著生命危险拼斗的行业。如果不是作者多次身历其境，有丰富的追杀捕鲸的经验，单凭想像是写不 出围攻大鲸的惊心动魄的生动情景。白鲸记里所出现的人物， 是一般社会极少见的奇特人物。故事里的情节，是作者丰富的航海经验，和写作的才华所凝聚而成的。 白鲸记的故事，到了后半部渐渐进入高潮;在南太平洋的捕鲸的记实，这是一部活鲜鲜的生死搏斗的纪录，原作者的冒险生动描述，令人叹为观止。 《决死一搏》 最后的高潮是专横、跋扈、冷酷、残忍的阿哈船长失去了理智，变成一个只为追杀莫比迪克的狂傲暴徒。他早已失去了理性，心胸只充满了仇恨与复仇的意念，根本没有把水手的性命放在眼里。最后虽然找到了白鲸，但经过三天的追杀，失败的却仍是阿哈船长。虽然有很多鱼叉射中了白鲸，但却无法杀死它。最后阿哈船长不顾一切，跳上了白鲸的背部，企图再刺杀白鲸，反而因不小心缠住了绳索而无法脱身。白鲸狂怒，撞沉了所有船只，全船水手都同归于尽，最后只有一个年轻的水手伊希梅尔幸免于难。白鲸记就是藉他的自述，显然，故事中的伊希梅尔就是作者梅尔维尔的化身。 我记得在年轻的时候─四十多年前，看过葛蕾葛莱毕克饰演阿哈船长的白鲸记，在当时觉得很惊奇，印象也很深。四十多年后，我再一次读白鲸记的中译本，又再看一次白鲸记录影带，觉得葛蕾葛莱毕克主演的阿哈船长，在造形上并不够深入，演技平平。但是在电影中，捕鲸及航海的特技却很传神。相反的，影片中几个配角表现很特殊。当然，文学名著改编的电影和舞台剧，不一定都能充分表现原著的精髓，能表现整篇故事的梗概，而且能塑造人物的特性已不易。 有关评介白鲸记的专著很多，英国的名作家毛姆，在他所世界十大小说家及其代表作里，举出代表美国文学的名著，就是白鲸记。在毛姆的心里，梅尔维尔在美国文学的重量，胜过 爱伦坡、马克吐温之辈。 白鲸记是一本极完美的海洋冒险文学巨著，它的内涵是，指引人类应不断的向沉寂、诡谲的命运挑战，虽然不一定都能战胜，但每个一人都应作这样的尝试。