英语一2014text1

不是很难 只要好好研究真题 把真题做透就行了 作文的话多准备几个句子 把它背熟 到时候灵活运用就下笔如有神

我这里有14年英语一两篇阅读真题，你看看吧，或许对你有帮助Text 1 In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency”, George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for the online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit—and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed, “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency—permanent dependency if you can get it—supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever –tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance”, conditional on actively seeking a job: no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week ,one of the least generous in the EU. 21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to [A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B] encourage jobseeker’ s active engagement in job seeking. [C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily. [D] guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefit. 22. The phase “to sign on”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means [A] to check on the availability of jobs at the job centre. [B] to accept the government’s restrictions on the government. [C] to register for an allowance from the government. [D] to attend a governmental job-training program. 23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme? [A] A desire to secure a better life for all. [B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed. [C] An urge to be generous to the claimants. [D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers. 24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel [A] uneasy. [B] enraged. [C] insulted. [D] guilty. 25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree? [A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness. [B] Osborne’s reform will reduce the risk of unemployment. [C] The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs. [D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states; a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow. 26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A] the growing demand from clients[B] the increasing pressure of inflation[C] the prospect of working in big firms[D] the attraction of financial rewards27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies [B] Receiving training by professional associations[C] Admissions approval from the bar association[D] Pursuing a bachelors degree in another major28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A] the rigid bodies governing the profession[B] lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance[C] the stern exam for would-be lawyers.[D] non-professionals’ sharp criticism29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because[A] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.[B] bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.30. In the text, the author mainly discusses[A] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[B] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[C] the role undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.[D] flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.

2022扫描书籍PDF讲义

链接:

若有资源问题欢迎追问~

一、单词复习方法公式一：考研词汇 ＝ 认识的词 ＋ 不认识的词 ＋ 近反义词市面上考研词汇的书多种多样［红宝书、乱序书、恋恋有词 and etc.］，记忆单词的手机app也无穷尽［ranging from百词斩to扇贝to如今的墨墨］。不管是哪本书，有针对性的、专业性强的，才是好书。现在处于信息大爆炸时代，信息的准确度很难把握，所以要以你最终的目的为导向而去学习，有一个准确的目标，再去制定相应的计划。那么，考研词汇的准确定义是什么？The first——认识的词考深度。2018考研英语大纲所附录的单词表中前5个单词如下：a／an，abandon，abdomen，abide，able。由此看出，考研词汇中包含a／an以及able这些之前就认识的词汇［当然还有abandon这样的所有词汇会开头第一个单词］。但特别注意的是，曾经你所认识的那个“我”，早已不是现在的“我”；曾经你所认识的词汇，早已不是现在的词汇。In a word，单词虽社会大环境不断变化，要么增加词性，要么增加范围，要么。。。比如，fat肥胖，2005年text 1开头首句的a fat pay rise指“丰厚的加薪”；比如，average平均，2006年text 4第六段首句的the average reader指“普通的读者”。这样的例子比比皆是，所以，得找in point（靠谱）的方法才能解决根本的问题。因此，熟悉的认识的词考察另外的其它用法，扩展用法是根本，从深度上去理解。The second——不认识的词考拆分。2018年考研英语大纲明确要求要掌握单词的构成，包括前缀和后缀等知识点。大纲中具体列出了62个前缀［pre-, pro-, per-, post-等］和54个后缀［-ive, -ous, -less, -free等］，明确列出来的是必须要掌握的。而对于考研那些所谓的难度词汇，其实都是唬人的，根本没有如此之无法攻克，就看方法。比如2003年text 1最后一道题目的正确答案项里有一个单词nonconformist，看似庞然大雾，实则是一曲简单，就看你会不会拆分。nonconformist ＝ non ＋conformist。conformist ＝ conform ＋ ist。conform ＝ con ＋ form。看到没有，就像洋葱一样，一层一层剥离出去，就自然出答案了，只要你认识考纲要求62个前缀中的con-，并认识考研基础词form，那nonconformist也不成问题了。conform［一样的形式］动词表“遵守”，conformist［ist表人］，“遵守规矩的人”，nonconformist［non表否定］“不遵守规矩的人”。诸如此类还有很多，要学会举一反三。The third——近反义词考替换。考纲中除了列出以上内容之外，在文字说明部分要求掌握单词的构成、单词的同义词、单词的反义词等等。为什么要考察同义词、反义词呢？很简单，英文类文章大家看得多，自然会发现，文章中很少会有原词，都是用同义词、反义词来表达相同意思的。这也是为什么考研英语很多题目的正确答案都是与原文的同义替换。比如，英语一2014年text 1原文第二段最后一句话用zeal［热情］，相对应的第二题的正确答案选项用passion［热情］。再比如2009年text 2原文第五段第二句话用precision［准确］，相对应的第四题的正确答案选项用accuracy［准确］。这都是说明考题人出题意图的地方。公式二：词汇记忆 ＝ 熟词生意 ＋ 词根词缀 ＋ 同义替换由以上对词汇的构成，我们可以知道，不同的词命题人考察的侧重点不同。认识的地方反倒考察你所不知道的东西，不认识的词反倒你其实是认识的。此外真正出真正确答案的地方基本都以同义替换的方式考察。这也就是咱们以目标为导向的记单词方法了。记住：背诵词汇是为了解决问题，不是为了制造麻烦！二、完形填空的复习方法完形填空需要把握全局文章的脉以及上下文逻辑分析，即根据上下文已知信息来确定答案。需要注意的是：这20个空并不是孤立的空，而是处于一整篇文章的大背景中，我们把文章看成一个整体，已知信息；把20个空看成具体，未知信息，则我们可以得出一个结论：完形是整体控制具体，用已知推出未知的过程。另外，与考研英语其它题型相比，完形文章有其自身的特点。其一，完形的阅读量较少，比起阅读近400词的阅读量给考生带来的心理压力相对来说，没那么大；其次，完形中较少出现生词难词；再次，完形文章的阅读难度远远低于阅读和翻译等题形，句子结构相对简单，主题鲜明(一个主题)，结构清晰(总分结构)。因此，做题顺序如下：（一）重视首句，通读全文。第一步是仔细读懂首句，然后花一两分钟时间通读全文，了解文章主题，中心主线，文章导向以及作者态度倾向，整体把握文章。（二）段落分析，上下逻辑。具体解题 ——通过已知推断未知。（三）全文复读，突破难题。把你所填的选项放入全文通读，看是否通顺、连贯。完形选项中，要求选的是最符合题意、语境的“最佳答案”而非正确答案。因此，在复习中，应注意分析总结干扰项的特征。在复习完形填空时，做真题分析真题就够了。不要以模拟题为重。因为模拟题由于出题人的水平不同而参差不齐。三、翻译的复习方法从考点上来看，翻译复习要注意以下四点：1、个别词语在具体语境中的翻译；固定搭配以及代词的翻译。2、谓语动词、非谓语动词。3、三大从句。4、并列结构、被动语态、倒装句、强调结构、插入结构、比较结构、否定结构和省略。建议三大从句是大家要掌握的重点。英语有三大从句，分别是主语从句，定语从句和状语从句。在主从复合句中，从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数情况下，主语、表语、宾语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当，所以，我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名词性从句，把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。也就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。四、阅读复习方法阅读复习要以真题为主。有的同学已经做完了大部分的真题，就开始选择一些模拟题来大量练习。这样是一种危险的举动，模拟题可以做，但前提是你真的熟悉了解清楚了每年的真题，你是否精读的得非常透彻，知道每一个正确选项和错误选项的由来或问题所在，如果能够确保对近20年的阅读真题剖析清楚了，那么可以适当选择合适的模拟题来练习练习。那么剖析真题要做到什么程度呢？建议从以下三点来出发：一是整理并记住所有你不认识的单词，尤其要保证真题中反复出现的核心词汇要完全掌握，二是能够译出全文，要求做到精确翻译，至少每篇文章的长难句的内容要分析透彻并熟练翻译，三是分析清楚正确选项和错误选项的原因，如果哪道题目你没有非常清楚的认识，而只是凭借模糊的整体感觉和印象来做选择说明你没有定位准确，所以在回过头去做解析的时候一定要重新审题，回文定位，务必要找到这道题的出处和正确选项的来源，这是这个阶段最重要的一项阅读复习任务，只有你非常熟悉考试的出题套路才可以最终在考场上做到游刃有余，否则前两项都是无用功了，最后这一步才会决定你能否做出最精准的选择。当然这些是基本的，最后还可以站在全文的高度去分析分析一下文章的写作思路，尤其是文章主旨是什么，作者态度又是怎样的，其实不需要太多的时间你就可以完成的，而如果能做到在做题时对文章的主旨态度有所把握，就可以带着这些指导思想去重新审视一下你做过的所有题目，是否有那个选项是偏离主旨的，如果存在这样的情况，则一定是选错了，需要改正等等。对于基础好的同学，可以进行适当的泛读，根据自己的时间情况，可以读一读外刊，比如Economist、Newsweek、time等。鉴于考研的文章一般都是选取考试前一年的期刊，考生们可以去有选择的读一读去年或今年上半年的期刊。另外如果对真题比较熟悉了，也可适当做一些模拟题，毕竟大家需要保持做题的新鲜感。但注意做模拟题不要太在意正确率，毕竟出题逻辑比不了真题，但文章都是外刊，可以精读精翻。五、作文复习方法首先：认真审题是关键，一定要保证写作的大方向正确。最近的十年间考试的提示信息几乎都是以图画的形式给出的，所以首先要题即找出图画作者想表达的话题。这一步有一个诀窍，就是所选择的主题越保险越好。尽量不要特立独行，力求与众不同，即使再新鲜的事例也一定说明了一个普遍的道理。同时，可以参考图片下面的文字，因为这些文字已经基本表达了作文希望考生围绕谈论的话题。只要根据这个话题写就不会出现跑题现象了。其次，明确作文行文的方向，做到有话可说。考生一定要按照作文要求的步骤撰写，第一段一般为对图画的描述，开头相对固定化，中间视图画而定。在开头段可以背诵常用的表达以及结构，并将图片反映的情况和你的所要表达的观点结合起来即可。第二段就应该摆出论点，因为英文的行文模式不同于中文，中文是前面举例，最后总结出论点。而英文正好相反，段落首句先摆出观点，然后再举例加以论证，所以要注重训练这种模式。第三段的模式就相对固定了，如果图片内容是积极的，就号召大家去发扬，如果是消极的方面，就需要解决，简述解决之道即可。总之，作文的备考可以时间短，见效快，希望准确把握这几个技巧，并且抓住考研的高频词汇，力求用准词语以及句式表达。

可以看看何凯文的《考研英语历年真题全解析》，比较详细的分析并且给出适合考生学习的解题思路