M15981511985
以牌坊为例子：
Memorial archway derives from the Lingstar Gate. The first emperor of the Han Dynasty stipulated that the Ling stare should behonored first when worshiping the heaven. Ling Star Gate, first built in 1028, was rebuilt in theConfucian temple later in honor of Confucius.
It is considered that people offered sacrifice tothe Ling Star in the Han Dynasty in order to pray for a fruitful year which has nothing to dowith Confucius and then the Chinese character "灵" was turned into "棂" again. From the SouthSong Dynasty on, especially in Ming and Qing dynasties, the Ling Star Gate was not only builtnear the suburb altar and the Confucian temple, but also near ordinary temples, tombs,ancestral shrines, office buildings, gardens or beside the streets and cross.
It is not only usedto worship heaven and Confucius, but also in praise of noble acts and chastity. The purposeof the construction of the memorial archway con be classified into three types: symbolicarchway, archway of credit and morality,and archway of achievement.
牌坊是由棋星门衍变而来的。提星原作灵星，灵星即天回星。汉高祖规定：祭天应先祭灵星。到宋仁宗天圣六年(1028)，筑郊台(祭祀天地的建筑)外垣，设置灵星门。
后移置于孔庙，用祭天的礼仪来尊重孔子。后来人们认为汉代祭祀灵星，是为了析求丰年，与孔庙元关。又改灵星为梗星。宋(南宋)元年以后，尤其是明清，这种建筑不仅置于郊坛、孔庙，还建于庙宇、陵基、祠堂、衙署和园林前或街旁、里前、路口。
也不仅用于祭天、祀孔，还用于褒扬功德，施表节烈等等，于是灵星门不仅一变成为棋星门，而且再变为牌坊。牌坊就其建造意图来说，可分为兰类：一类为标志坊;二类为功德坊;三类是标志科举成就的。
壮丽 magnificen
壮丽的 gallant
壮丽污蝇 Wohlfahrti
壮丽雄伟的 heroic
壮丽的坟墓 mausoleum
壮丽贝母硷 imperialin
银叶壮丽冷杉 silver
勇壮华丽 bravura
看着这座雄伟壮丽的城市，看着这个房间，我深信我们两国在某些重要事情上是有共同点的，而这些重要的事情就是我们对未来的信念。
Looking around at this magnificent city -- and looking around this room -- I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future
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