晨阳爱美食
like/love doing/to do sth(喜欢做某事) hate doing/to do sth(讨厌做某事)go on to do sth(接着作另一件事)go on doing sth(接着做原来的事)forget/remember doing/to do sthtry to do sth(努力做某事)try doing sth(尝试做某事)pretend to do/doing sth(假装做/正在做某事)see/hear/watch sb do/doing sthallow sb doing/to do sthbegin/start doing/to do sthhave sb doing/do sthstop doing/to sth(停止做/去做某事)teach doing sth(教...)teach sb to do sth(教某人去做某事)be used to do/doing sth(被用来.../习惯做某事) volunteer to do sth (自愿做某事)concentrate on doing sth(集中精力做某事)spend...(in)doing sth(花费...做某事)had better do sth=It is best to do sth(最好做某事)refuse to do sth(拒绝做某事)argee to do sth(同意做某事)have sth to do with(与...有关)offer/show/give/pass/send sth to sb(提供/展示/给/传递/发送 某物给某人)be carefui of doing sth(小心做某事)prefer to do sth (更喜欢做某事)prefer doing sth to doing sth(比起做某事更喜欢做某事)be sure to do sth(确定做某事)be interested in doing sth(对做某事感兴趣)think about doing sth(考虑做某事)be similar to do sth(与什么相似)continue doing/to do sth(继续做某事)choose to do sth(选择做某事)be willing to do sth(乐意做某事)go out one's way to do sth(某人特地不怕麻烦的做某事)hold on to doing sth(继续做某事)put off doing(推迟做某事)ask/tell sb to do sth(要求/告诉某人做某事)according to sth(根据...)run off to do sth(迅速离开去做某事)hurry to do sth(匆忙做某事)invite sb to do sth(邀请某人...)in order to do sth(为了...)hope to do sth(希望做某事)lend sth to sb(把...借给某人)be going to do sth(打算做某事)have to do sth(不得不做某事)be supposed to do sth(被要求做某事)can't wait to do sth(不能忍受做某事)have nothing to do(与什么无feel like doing sth(想要做某事)practice doing sth(练习做某事)give up doing sth(放弃做某事)be good at/do well in doing sth(擅长做某事)pay attention to doing sth(注意做某事)be busy doing sth(忙于做某事)组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。 顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。 Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。 一般可分为两类: 1),简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。 可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。 Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。 2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式 Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。 3、表语 表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。 Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。 4、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。 WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。 Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如: Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。 5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。 Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。 但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。 Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。 6、状语 修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。 7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说:我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说:我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing形式,数词等。 句子的类型: 1.主语+谓语 2.主语+谓语+状语 3.主语+谓语+宾语 4.主语+系动词+表语 5.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 6.主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 7.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语1、 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人 2、 say to oneself 对自己说 3、say to sb 对某人说 4、 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上 5、 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁 6、 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事 7、 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are 8、 see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事 9、 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy 10、 send +sb sth 送给某人某物 11、send…to…把什么寄到哪里去? 12、 shock 使……震惊
angel小芋头
语法是英语考试中的重中之重,所占分值也多。提高英语能力的方法是多读多练多积累。我在这里整理了八年级下册英语语法供大家阅读,希望能帮助到您。
八年级下册英语语法
Unit 5-topic1
连系动词的种类及其基本用法
一、连系动词的种类。
连系动词也叫系动词,是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词。它本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,后面必须跟表语,构成系表结构来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。主要有:be, become, get,turn,grow, look, feel, seem, sound, taste, smell, appear等。常见的连系动词可分为五种。
1. 状态系动词:只有be一词。
I am used to going about alone. 我习惯于独来独往。
2. 持续系动词:表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, remain,stay, rest, lie, stand。
I hope you’ll stay healthy. 我希望你身体好。
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
The door remained closed. 门仍然关着。
3.表像系动词:表示“看起来好像”,主要有seem, appear, look等。
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) quite happy. 他好像很快活。
He appeared quite well. 他显得身体相当好。
4. 感官系动词:表示“……起来”,有feel (摸起来,感觉) , smell (闻起来) ,sound (听起来) , taste (尝起来,吃起来) 等。
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来很软。
They looked very tired. 他们看起来很累。
It sounds a good idea. 这听起来是个好主意。
This food tastes good. 这食物尝起来不错。
5.变化系动词:表示主语变成什么样,即表示从一种状态变为另一种状态。主要有become,grow, turn, fall,get, go, come, run。
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
She has grown thinner and thinner. 她越来越瘦了。
When she saw this, she turned red. 她看到这,脸红了。
Several people fell ill after eating unhealthy food. 几个人
吃了不卫生的食物后生病了。
She went pale at the news. 听到这消息,她的脸色变
得苍白。
二、连系动词的基本用法。
1. 连系动词后通常可接形容词作表语,一般不接副词。
他的英语似乎很好。
误:His English seemsvery well.
正:His English seemsvery good.
但是,有时连系动词后也可接副词作表语,不过
这主要限于in, on, off, out,away, up, down, over, around, inside,outside等少数副词以及here, there,upstairs, downstairs等少数表示地点或方位的副词。
Mother wasn’t in last night. 母亲昨晚不在家。
The meeting was over at five.会议五点结束。
Mother is downstairs waiting for you.母亲在楼下等你。
2. 关于连系动词后接不定式:
(1) 连系动词 be 后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语:
My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家。
(2) seem, appear, get, grow, come等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)作表语:
She always seems to be sad. 她常常显得很忧伤。
She appears to have many friends. 她好像有很多朋友。
【温馨提示】若所接不定式为to be,通常可以省略。不过,若其后接的是表语形容词,则to be 通常不宜省略。
Unit 5-topic2
原因状语从句
原因状语从句表示主句所发生的原因或理由。通常由because, as, since等词引导。
e.g. Because I lost my cellphone, I didn’t call you yesterday.
因为我手机丢了,所以昨天没有给你打电话。
We chose Calvert to lead us as he said he knew the way.
我们选择让卡尔弗特带我们走,因为他说他认识路。
Since you are so young, you should be modest.
既然你这么年轻,就应该谦虚一点。
以上例子都是原因状语从句,但从从属连词方面来说,它们有区别。
1.because语气最强,用于回答why的提问,从句可放于句首,也可放句尾,想强调什么,就把什么放在句首。
e.g. He didn’t come to school because he was ill.
他没去上学,是因为他病了。
Because they asked me to do it, I did it.
因为他们要我做,所以我做了。
2. as 和since 语气较弱,用来表示非常明显的原因或者对方已经了解的原因,引导的从句一般要放在句首。
e.g. As he knew nothing about the matter, he kept quiet
during the meeting.
因为他对此事一无所知,所以在会上什么也没说。
Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.
既然我们没有钱, 就不能买它。
3. for表示的原因不是直接原因,而是多种情况的推测,是一种补充说明,因此for引导的分句一般不放在句首,属并列句。
e.g. He wore more clothes, for it was cold.
因为天气很冷,他多穿了些衣服。
He was blamed for being late again.
他因再次迟到而受到责备。
副词或形容词的同级比较
大多数形容词或副词有比较等级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。
形容词副词的同级比较结构:
1.肯定句的句式结构。
A + be + as+形容词/副词原级+as+B: 表示A、B两者
比较程度相同,即“A和B一样……”。
e.g. This film is as interesting as that one.
Diana sings as sweetly as her sister.戴安娜唱得和她姐
姐一样甜美。
这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
2.否定句的句式结构。
A+ be+not +as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+B: 表示A、B两者程度不同,即“A不如B那么……”。
e.g. Spring is not as/so cold as winter.
春天不像冬天那么冷。
She didn't sing so/as well that night as she usuallydoes.那
天晚上她没有平常唱得那么好。
3. 表示倍数,如“一半/两倍/三倍/四倍/……”相
当于“half/twice/threetimes/four times/ ... + as 形容词或副词原
级+as ...”结构。
e.g. The room is twice as large as that one.
这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.那架飞机
的飞行高度是那只风筝的十倍。
Unit 5-topic3
2
Unit 6-topic1
动词不定式
一、 动词不定式含义
动词不定式其构成形式为“to+动词原形”,to为动词不定式的符号,本身没有词义,有时还可以省略,但还保留着动词的若干特征。动词不定式可以连同它的附属成分一起组成不定式短语。因此,动词不定式具有三大特点:
1.没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能单独作谓语;
2.动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语;
3.动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
二、 动词不定式的用法
1. 动词不定式作主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
To learn a language well isn’t aneasy thing. 学会一门语
言不是一件容易的事情。
【注意】动词不定式作主语时,可以用先行词it作
形式主语,而将不定式真正的主语置于后面。
To do more exercise is very necessary every day. = It It’s very
necessary to do more exercise every day. 每天多做运动是很有
必要的。
【拓展】It’s + adj.+ ( for/ of sb.) + to do sth.
It’s impossiblefor us to finish the heavy task in such a short
time. 我们在这么短的时间里完成这么繁重的任务是不可能的。
It’s verynice of you to get me two tickets for the World
Cup. 谢谢你为我搞到两张世界杯的门票。
【温馨提示】如果句子中作表语的形容词表示事物的性质,如important, necessary, possible,easy, difficult, hard,heavy等,用for引出;如果句中的形容词表示人的特征、品德或意愿,如 kind,honest, careless, lazy, stupid, clever, foolish,polite, bad等,则用of 引出。
2. It’s+名词(或名词短语)(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant
thing, one’s duty,an honor, a shame, a good place, no easy job ...)+ to do sth.
It’s a pityto miss the early bus. 惋惜的是错过了早班车。
It’s ourduty to clean the classroom every day. 每天打扫教
室是我们的义务。
3. 动词不定式作表语。动词不定式常表示将来的动作,主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词。如wish,dream, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。
My dream is to become a pilot in the future. 我的梦想就
是将来当一名飞行员。
The most difficult thing in life is to know yourself. 人生最
难是自知。
4. 动词不定式作宾语。
能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有:afford, agree, ask,begin, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, hate, learn,like, manage,mean, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, want等如:
We agree to go to Beijing by plane. 我们答应乘飞机去北京。
I try to keep that in mind. 我努力记住这一点。
【温馨提示】用作宾语的不定式后面如有补语,可
用it作形式宾语,把不定式放到句子的后部。在这种用法
中,常见的动词有find,think, feel, make, consider, believe等。
I found it very difficult to fall asleep in the noisyroom. 我觉
得在这个吵闹的房间里睡觉很困难。
I think it important to learn English well in college. 我认为
在大学学好英语很重要。
5. 动词不定式作宾语补足语。
不定式作宾语补足语时,跟在某些及物动词的宾语之后,对宾语作进一步的补充说明,并与该宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这类及物动词常见的有:advise, allow, ask,beg, cause, consider, encourage, feel, force, find, hear,invite, let,make, mean, notice, order, require, teach, tell, watch,warn, watch等。
Mr. Li often teaches his Japanese friends to cook Chinese
food. 李先生经常教他的日本朋友做中国食物。
He invited me to have dinner with him. 他邀请我与他
一起共进晚餐。
【温馨提示】在某些使役动词后,如 make, let, have等和表示感觉的动词,如 see, watch, notice, hear,feel等,作宾语补足语的不定式须不带o。
His parents make him do too much homework every day.
他的父母让他每天做大量作业。
I saw Miss Green walk into the classroom just now. 我刚
才看见格林老师走进教室了。
6. 动词不定式作状语。不定式用作状语主要表示目的、结果和原因,也可以表示条件、方式或比较。
(1) 用作目的状语
He went to see his teacher this morning. 今天上午他去看望他的老师了。
(2) 用作结果状语
The police searched the room to find nothing. 警察搜查这个房间,什么也没有找到。
The ice is thick enough to walk on. 冰很厚,能够在上面行走。
(3) 用作原因状语
I’m sorryto hear your mother is ill. 听到你妈妈生病了
我很难过。
7.动词不定式作定语。常位于被修饰的名词(短语)
之后,说明被修饰词的特征。
Can you come up with a good way to deal with this
problem? 你们能想出处理这个问题的好办法吗?
8. 动词不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which及疑
问副词when, how, where等连用,构成不定式短语,在句
子中作主语、宾语、表语等。
I don’t knowwhat to say. 我不知道说什么。
Can you tell me how to make a paper boat?你能告诉
我怎样做一只纸船吗?
9. 动词不定式的否定形式。
不定式的否定式通常是将否定词not或never置于不定式之前,即构成not to do 或never to do 。
He told me not to open the door. 他让我别开门。
Take care not to break the glass. 小心别把玻璃杯打碎了。
I promise never to smoke again. 我保证再也不抽烟了。
【温馨提示】不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not。如:
The teacher made us not play computer games in class. 老
师让我们不要在课堂上玩游戏。
Unit 6-topic2
时间状语从句
在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。时间状语从句通常由when, while,as, after, before, since, until, as soon as等词引导。
一、 when、while和as的用法与区别
三者都表示“当……时候”,需要注意的是:
1. when引导的时间状语从句中,用动词的一般现在时表将来。
Mr. Smith will call you up when he arrives in Beijing.
当史密斯先生到达北京时,他将给你打电话。
2. when也能表示“正在这时”。
I was walking in the park, when it began to rain.
我正在公园里散步,这时天开始下雨了。
3. 与进行时连用时,when相当于while或as。
When/While/ As Jane was playing the violin, Iwalked in quietly. 当简在拉小提琴时,我悄 悄地走进了。
4. as引导时间状语从句时表示“当……时;一边……一边……”,侧重表示两个动作同时发生。
The boy jumps as he goes along. 那个男孩边走边跳。
二、由before和after引导的时间状语从句用法
before意为“在……之前”,根据具体语境还可意为“还没来得及/ 还没有……就……;……才……”等。
after表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。
We arrived there two days before Christmas.我们在
圣诞节前两天到了那儿。
Before he knew it, his piece of meat had fallen into the
water. 他还没有醒悟过来,那块肉已经掉进水里了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you
decide. 你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。
三、as soon as引导的时间状语从句用法
as soon as意为“一……就”,表将来要发生的动作,遵循“主将从现”的原则;表示两个紧接着发生的动作,主从句都用一般过去时。
As soon as she comes to the party, we will give hera big surprise. 她一来参加晚会,我们就给她一个大惊喜。(现在)
As soon as he got to the station, the train left. 他一到
达火车站,火车就离开了。(过去)
四、until引导的时间状语从句用法
1. 在含有until引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词,如:work,live,stay,study,play,wait等,那么这个主句常用肯定式,表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。until可意为“直到……为止”。
I’ll workuntil he tells me to stop. 我会一直工作到
他叫我停下来为止。
2. 在含有until引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词,如:come,go,leave,begin,start,finish等,那么这个主句常要用否定式,表示某一动作到until所表示的时间才发生。即not ...until... 意为“直到……才……”。如:
She didn’t go tobed until she finished her homework.
直到做完作业, 她才去睡觉。
Unit 6-topic3
宾语从句(Ⅰ)
在句子中起到宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,在主从复合句中充当宾语,一般位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后。宾语从句一般分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。学好宾语从句,首先掌握以下两个要点。
一、 that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)
that在从句中没有实在意思,只起到连接作用。
She said (that) she was too busy to go to your concert. 她
说她太忙了而不能参加你的音乐会。
No one told Jack (that) there would be a class meetingthe
next day. 没有人告诉杰克第二天有班会。
Little Tom was afraid (that) he couldn’t pass the exam. 小
汤米担心这次考试不及格。
【拓展1】可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say,think,wish, hope, imagine, wonder, know, believe, agree,explain, feel,suggest, hear, mean, notice等。
【拓展2】当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose,expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
I don’t think (that) he can give a speech at the meeting.我
认为他不会在会上发言的。
二、 宾语从句的时态
1.主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
The worker says (that) he works from Monday to Friday.
那名工人说他从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
John says (that) he will leave a message on his desk. 约翰
说要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
2.主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
He told me that he didn’t go to the library yesterday. 他告
诉我他昨天没去图书馆。(从句是一般过去时)
He said (that) he was playing football at that time. 他说他
那时在踢足球。(从句是过去进行时)
3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
The teacher told us (that) nothing is difficult if we putour
hearts into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。
初中生入学如何学好英语
1、做好心理过渡。
这条最重要,必须首先说。同学们要知道小学英语课堂和中学英语课的不同,做好心理上的过渡,在小学的时候,我们没有升学的压力,心态比较放松,在英语课堂上,我们更多的通过听、说、表演等形式,积极参与,因此大家的学习热情和积极性都很高。
可是,进入初中之后,同学们在课堂上要消化大量的知识,而且由于课时的限制,为了完成教学任务,课堂中的趣味性就会明显的减少,很多任务需要同学们在课下进行,这就增加了大家的学习压力
所以大家要有心理准备,可以提前对初中英语进行初步了解,利用早晚时间,阅读其中的短文和对话,以便在心理上占优势,克服出现学习焦虑状态。
2、注重词汇学习
词汇是英语学习的基础,同学们只有具备了一定的词汇量的积累,才能更好的提高学习效果。
小学阶段的英语教学主要是以培养学生学习英语的兴趣为主,内容常常是以对话或儿歌的形式出现,更多的侧重于学生的听和说,所以很多学生的词汇量不足,而且记忆单词的方法也存在一定的问题,同学们在背英语单词的过程中,习惯性采用了死记硬背的方法,不会按照相关的音标来记单词,从而造成了短时间里把单词记住了,但是过一段时间就会忘,这使得学生们的英语基础能力比较差。
解决这一问题的方法很多,我们可以通过app英语学习软件,学习音标,练习口语,多读多听,增强语感;还可以通过听英文歌曲,读英文故事,看英文动画片等多种方式,来增加我们的词汇量,保持我们的学习兴趣,但是大家要知道,最关键的一点就是坚持,再坚持,每天坚持练习,这也是我们最好英语的方法之一。
3、注重语法学习
小学阶段英语的学习,已经出现了很多短语、句型、固定搭配以及语法规则,但是从学生的自身学习情况来看,存在很大的差距,一些学生的学习基础非常好,进入初中以后,可以快速的掌握好语法知识,而很多英语基础能力不足的学生,学习起来却很困难。
解决这方面的问题,并不是让同学们去背语法,大家只需要对语法知识点,有一个初步的了解,知道这些东西的存在。最好的办法是,通过一些例句来记住他们,熟读例句,熟读这些短语,句型、固定搭配以及语法规则当中的例句,读到最终形成语感,这才是学习英语的最佳境界。
本次整理就到这里啦,祝大家在考试中能金榜题名!
cocomooner
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 时态: 1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。 2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。 3.主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时。 一、宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. He told me that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试. 连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗? I don’t know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁. The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you read the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. 二、动词的宾语从句 大多数动词都可以带宾语从句 We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger. 我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮. He told us that they would help us though the whole work. 他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的. 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句 I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗? 动词短语也可以带宾语从句 常见的这些词有: make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误. 可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 ①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的. I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要. ②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to. I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话. He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行. We take it that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的. When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. 开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置. ③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的. We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的. 三、介词的宾语从句 用wh-类的介词宾语从句 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部. The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的. 用that,if引导的介词宾语从句 有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知. 四、形容词的宾语从句 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你. He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他. 五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别 ① if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if ② 少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether. ③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. ④ 在不定式前只能用whether. (如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。) ⑤ 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if. 六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that 当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时; 当宾语从句较长时; 当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时; 当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时; 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略; 当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时; 当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时; 当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时; 当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时; 当宾语从句有it做其先行词时; 在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时. 七、宾语从句的否定转移 主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party. 我认为他不会来我的舞会. I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是? 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是? 八、宾语从句的时态和语序 当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响. 当主句为过去时 ①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生 I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in. 我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家. He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in. 他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<<老人与海>>. ②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前 He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. 他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary. ③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后 The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. 记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱. 如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化 The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转. 当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首 Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year? 你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手. [编辑本段]宾语从句(版本二) 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态。 1.连接词 连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which(指事),who(指人) 1.从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连。 2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择连接词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。 3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 注意:当who为主语时,句式为:who+谓语+其他 2.判断时态情况: 1.主句是一般现在时,从句为各种时态情况。 2.主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态注意:从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时。 eg: 1. The teacher told the children that the sun____ round. A. was B. is C. were D. are 2. I believe that our team____ the basketball match. A. win B. won C. will win D. wins 3. I don’t know____ to visit the old man. A. whether B. if C. that D. who 4.The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school. A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where 答:选B,动词reach后接宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,where不可,which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个…”而此句中并非疑问含义,不知道哪一座庙宇,而是用what从句表陈述含义,意“过去的一座旧庙宇”;temple后为对其修饰的定语从句,用关系代词which代替,并在从句中作动词used的宾语,use sth. as…“把…用作… [编辑本段]宾语从句(版本三) 宾语从句,在复合句中作宾语,位于及物动词后。 eg. Tell him which class you are in . Do you know what he likes? 注: (1)主、从句时态一致: 主句谓语过去时,从句相应过去时; He answered that he was listening to me. 主句谓语现在时,从句时态任所需; eg. He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具体过去永不变,真理格言现在时; eg.He told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect . (2)否定前移,及完成反意问句 在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时,应转移到主句上去,完成反意问句时,应与从句主、谓保持一致。(注: 否定前移的条件是,主句主语是第一人称) eg. I don't think you are right ,are you ? I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ? (3)运用虚拟语气的情况 在表示: 建议 suggest , advise 要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose; 决定 decide; 命令 order、command; 坚决主张 insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句,用(should)+v.(虚拟语气) eg. I suggested that you(should)study hard. He ordered that we should go out at once. (4)宾语从句后置情况 如果宾语从句后有宾语补语,用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句后置 eg.You may think it strange that he would live there. (5)宾从中that不可省略的情况 宾语从句that常可省略,但在以下情况下不能省略 A.当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。 eg.I believe(that)you have done your best and that things will get better. B.当it作形式宾语时 eg.She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him. C.当宾语从句前置时 eg.That our team will win,I believe. [编辑本段]宾语从句(版本四) 一、定义和宾从例句分析 宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。 A 作动词的宾语: I heard the news. 主语 谓语动词 名词作宾语 I heard that he would come here later on. 主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语---宾语从句 B 作介词的宾语: He said nothing about the plan. 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 名词作介词的宾语 He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个句子作介词的宾语 二、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成 带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有:that(可省略),what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how. 1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day. 宾语 2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm. 间接宾语 直接宾语 3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer. 间接宾语 直接宾语 4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting. who hadn’t passed the exam. when she would leave this building. why she cried last night. where she was going to study. which student was his partner in the short play. if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning. how she managed to solve the problem. why water flows from a high position to a lower position. 在例子4中,当主句是过去时态时(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时),从句根据不同情况必须使用过去时态的一种,(大自然的现象和真理除外)。 5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner. who broke the window yesterday. when I can have a holiday. why I failed the exam yesterday. where I should have dinner with my friend tonight. which book is the best one. if (whether) I have passed the exam. how my cat escaped from the room last night. 在例子5中,当主语是现在时态时(一般现在时,现在进行时,一般将来时,现在完成时),从句可根据不同情况使用各种时态。 三、注意 A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。 Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment. Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project. C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher. D 主句一般过去时态,从句也要用过去时态;具体细节请看第一部分。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner. unit7 topic2 1.Would you mind if...?/Would you mind +(形代)+Ving....? 回答:Of course not./No,not at all./Yes,youd'd better not. 2.①He runs less fast than me./He doesn't run fast as me. ②prefer ...to... like...better like...best ③Cars cost 100 times as much as bikes. I run 3 times as fast as you./I run 3 times faster then you.(倍数+比较级+...) ④越来越... The more you eat,the fatter you are. 越来越瘦 thinner and thinner 越来越漂亮 more and more beautiful ⑤He runs faster then me./He runs fastest of all /so then any other students 宾语从句是八下比较重要的,要复习就着重复习宾语从句的那几章吧!