商贸英语考试卷

1.a document ordering the payment of money2.GDP and GNP figures are both calculated on a per capita basis to give a portrait of a country's economic development. GDP (or Gross Domestic Product) may be compared directly with GNP (or Gross National Product), to see the relationship between a country's export business and local economy. A region's GDP is one of the ways of measuring the size of its local economy whereas the GNP measures the overall economic strength of a country. These figures can also be used to analyze the distribution of wealth throughout a society, or the average purchasing power of an individual in the country etc. Increase in exports of a country will lead to increase in both GDP and GNP of the country. Correspondingly, increase in imports will decrease GDP and GNP. However, sometimes increase in exports might only lead to increase in GDP and not GNP. The exact relationship will depend on the nationality status of the company doing the export or import. Eg. if Microsoft Corporation has a 100% owned subsidiary in India, and that office exports US$2 Billion worth of services out of India, then US$2 Billion will be added to the GDP of India. However, it will not be added to the GNP figure since the export is done by a US company and not an Indian company. 3.The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community formed among six countries in 1951 and the Treaty of Rome formed in 1957 by the same states. Since then, the EU has grown in size through enlargement, and in power through the addition of policy areas to its remit.4.Incoterms rules make international trade easier and help traders in different countries to understand one another.The main reason is the need to adapt Incoterms rules to contemporary commercial practice. For instance, in the 1990 version, the clauses dealing with the seller's obligation to provide proof of delivery allowed paper documentation to be replaced by e-mail for that purpose for the first time.5.advanced economies，emerging and developing economies（not least developed），emerging and developing economies（least developed）6.Financial Documents Bill of Exchange, Co-accepted Draft Commercial Documents Invoice, Packing list Shipping Documents Transport Document, Insurance Certificate, Commercial, Official or Legal Documents Official Documents License, Embassy legalization, Origin Certificate, Inspection Cert , Phyto-sanitary Certificate Transport Documents Bill of Lading (ocean or multi-modal or Charter party), Airway bill, Lorry/truck receipt, railway receipt, CMC Other than Mate Receipt, Forwarder Cargo Receipt, Deliver Challan...etc Insurance documents Insurance policy, or Certificate but not a cover note. pre shipment packing list7.Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an extraordinary and growing role in global business. It can provide a firm with new markets and marketing channels, cheaper production facilities, access to new technology, products, skills and financing. For a host country or the foreign firm which receives the investment, it can provide a source of new technologies, capital, processes, products, organizational technologies and management skills, and as such can provide a strong impetus to economic development. Foreign direct investment, in its classic definition, is defined as a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country. The direct investment in buildings, machinery and equipment is in contrast with making a portfolio investment, which is considered an indirect investment. In recent years, given rapid growth and change in global investment patterns, the definition has been broadened to include the acquisition of a lasting management interest in a company or enterprise outside the investing firm’s home country. As such, it may take many forms, such as a direct acquisition of a foreign firm, construction of a facility, or investment in a joint venture or strategic alliance with a local firm with attendant input of technology, licensing of intellectual property, In the past decade, FDI has come to play a major role in the internationalization of business. Reacting to changes in technology, growing liberalization of the national regulatory framework governing investment in enterprises, and changes in capital markets profound changes have occurred in the size, scope and methods of FDI. New information technology systems, decline in global communication costs have made management of foreign investments far easier than in the past. The sea change in trade and investment policies and the regulatory environment globally in the past decade, including trade policy and tariff liberalization, easing of restrictions on foreign investment and acquisition in many nations, and the deregulation and privitazation of many industries, has probably been been the most significant catalyst for FDI’s expanded role.