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Set apart from the rest of Asia by the supreme continental wall of the Himalayas, the Indian subcontinent touches three large bodies of water and is immediately recognizable on any world map. It is the huge, terrestrial beak between Africa and Indonesia. This thick, roughly triangular peninsula defines the Bay of Bengal to the east, the Arabian sea to the west, and the India Ocean to the south.India's puzzleboard of 26 states holds virtually every kind of landscape imaginable. An abundance of mountain ranges and national parks provide ample opportunity for eco-tourism and trekking, and its sheer size promises something for everyone. From its northernmost point on the Chinese border, India extends a good 2000 miles (3200 km) to its southern tip, where the island nation of Sri Lanka seems to be squeezed out of India like a great tear, the synapse forming the Gulf of Mannar. India's northern border is dominated mostly by Nepal and the Himalayas, the world's highest mountain chain. Following the sweeping mountains to the northeast, its borders narrow to a small channel that passes between Nepal, Tibet, Bangladesh, and Bhutan, then spreads out again to meet Burma in area called the "eastern triangle." Apart from the Arabian sea, its western border is defined exclusively by Pakistan.India can be organized along the compass points. North India, shaped like a throat and two lungs, is the country's largest region. It begins with the panhandle of Jammu and Kashmir, a dynamic area with terrain varying from arid mountains in the far north to the lake country and forests near Sringar and Jammu. Falling south along the Indus river valley, the North becomes flatter and more hospitable, widening into the fertile plains of Punjab to the west and the Himalayan foothills of Uttar Pradesh and the Ganges river valley to the East. Cramped between these two states is the capital city, Delhi. The southwestern extremity of the North is the large state of Rajastan, whose principal features are the Thar Desert and the stunning "pink city" of Jaipur. To the southeast is southern Uttar Pradesh and Agra, home of the famous Taj Mahal.West India contains the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, and part of the massive, central state of Madhya Pradesh. The west coast extends from the Gujarat peninsula down to Goa, and it is lined with some of India's best beaches. The land along the coast is typically lush, with rainforests reaching southward from Bombay all the way to into Goa. A long mountain chain, the Western Ghats, separates the verdant coast from the Vindya mountains and the dry Deccan plateau further inland.Home of the sacred Ganges river and the majority of Himalayan foothills, East India begins with the states of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, which comprise the westernmost part of the region. East India also contains an area known as the eastern triangle, which is entirely distinct. This is the last gulp of land that extends beyond Bangladesh, culminating in the Naga Hills along the Burmese border.
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你好我的答案如下：印度地区介绍 国名释义：得名于印度河。河名出自梵文“信度”，意为“河”。 别称：婆罗多 独立日：8月15日（1947年） 国庆日（共和国日）：1月26日（1950年） People and Culture India is the world's second most populous nation (after China). Its ethnic composition is complex, but two major strains predominate: the Aryan, in the north, and the Dravidian, in the south. India is a land of great cultural diversity, as is evidenced by the enormous number of different languages spoken throughout the country. Although Hindi (spoken in the north) and English (the language of politics and commerce) are used officially, more than 1,500 languages and dialects are spoken. The Indian constitution recognizes 15 regional languages (Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu). Ten of the major states of India are generally organized along linguistic lines. Although the constitution forbids the practice of “untouchability,” and legislation has been used to reserve quotas for former untouchables (and also for tribal peoples) in the legislatures, in education, and in the public services, the caste system continues to be influential. About 80% of the population is Hindu, and 14% is Muslim. Other significant religions include Christians, Sikhs, and Buddhists. There is no state religion. The holy cities of India attract pilgrims from throughout the East: Varanasi (formerly Benares), Allahabad, Puri, and Nashik are religious centers for the Hindus; Amritsar is the holy city of the Sikhs; and Satrunjaya Hill near Palitana is sacred to the Jains. With its long and rich history, India retains many outstanding archaeological landmarks; preeminent of these are the Buddhist remains at Sarnath, Sanchi, and Bodh Gaya; the cave temples at Ajanta, Ellora, and Elephanta; and the temple sites at Madurai, Thanjavur, Abu, Bhubaneswar, Konarak, and Mahabalipuram. For other aspects of Indian culture, see Hindu music; Indian art and architecture; Indian literature; Mughal art and architecture; Pali canon; Prakrit literature; Sanskrit literature. 国歌：《人民的意志》 国花：荷花 国鸟：蓝孔雀 国树：菩提树 首都：新德里(New Delhi) 位置：位于南亚次大陆，与巴基斯坦、中国、尼泊尔、不丹、缅甸和孟加拉国为邻，濒临孟加拉湾和阿拉伯海。 面积：印度政府称其领土为328.78万平方公里。印度面积居世界第七位。 人口：10．27亿 民族：全国有11个民族：印度斯坦族；孟加拉族、泰卢固族、马拉提族、泰米尔族、古吉拉特族、卡纳达族、马拉雅拉姆族、奥里雅族、旁遮普族、锡克族。 语言：印度的语言异常繁杂，宪法承认的语言有10多种，登记注册的达1600多种。英语和印地语同为印度的官方语言。 宗教：主要信奉印度教、伊斯兰教、基督教、锡克教等。 时差：比北京时间晚2小时30分 货币：印度卢比（Rupee），1美元等于42印度卢比。 区号：354 印度又名“婆罗多”，“印度”这个名字来源于梵文（唯有真理得胜），得名于印度河。印度是世界上人口第二多的国家，拥有十亿人口以及上百种语言。印度是世界四大文明古国之一，又有“电影王国”之誉，曾创造了灿烂的印度河文明。 经济以农业为主，主要的农作物是稻子、小麦、棉花、黄麻、甘蔗和茶叶。工业以采矿和纺织为主，还有钢铁、电力、石油、橡胶、煤、火柴等。如按购买力来计算，印度是全球第四大经济体。 重要的城市有首都新德里，东海岸最大港口加尔各答以及印度最大纺织业中心孟买。 印度的旅游项目大致可为三部分：首先是古堡陵园，著名的有红堡、胡马雍陵、泰姬陵，代表了印度建筑艺术的最高水准；而甘地陵是印度国父“圣雄”甘地的陵墓，接下来可以瞻仰一下印度古老的佛教圣地圣迹，其它著名的还有王舍城、那兰陀寺等，最后的旅游项目是参观印度的石窟神庙，那里有多姿多彩的佛教塑像、雕刻和绘画，是研究印度古代文化艺术的绝佳之地。 自然地理：“印度”梵文的意思是月亮，中文名称是唐代高僧玄奘所著《大唐西域记》中的译法，在这以前称天竺或身毒。面积约298万平方公里（不包括中印边境印占区和克什米尔印度实际控制区等）。印度政府称其领土为328.78万平方公里。印度面积居世界第七位。印度位于南亚次大陆，与巴基斯坦、中国、尼泊尔、不丹、缅甸和孟加拉国为邻，濒临孟加拉湾和阿拉伯海。海岸线长5560公里。印度全境分为德干高原和中央高原、平原及喜马拉雅山区等三个自然地理区。属热带季风气候，气温因海拔高度不同而异，喜马拉雅山区年均气温12℃～14℃，东部地区26℃～29℃。 简史：印度是世界四大文明古国之一，公元前2000年前后创造了灿烂的印度河文明。约在公元前14世纪，原居住在中亚的雅利安人中的一支进入南亚次大陆，并征服了当地土著。约公元前1000年，开始形成以人种和社会分工不同为基础的种姓制度。公元前4世纪崛起的孔雀王朝开始统一印度次大陆，公元前3世纪阿育王统治时期疆域广阔，政权强大，佛教兴盛并开始向外传播。中世纪小国林立，印度教兴起。自11世纪起，来自西北方向的穆斯林民族不断入侵并长期统治印度。1526年建立莫卧儿帝国，成为当时世界强国之一。1600年英国侵入，建立东印度公司。1757年，印度和英国之间爆发了普拉西大战，印度因战败而逐步沦为英国的殖民地。1849年，英国侵占印度全境。1857年爆发反英大起义，次年英国政府直接统治印度。1947年6月，英将印度分为印度和巴基斯坦两个自治领。同年8月15日，印度在与巴基斯坦分治后实现独立。1950年1月26日，印度宣布成立印度共和国，但仍为英联邦成员国。 风俗：印度教盛行“万物有灵”的自然崇拜。虔诚的印度教徒一生有三大夙愿：到圣城朝拜湿婆神，到恒河洗圣浴、饮圣水，死后葬于恒河。以黄牛为神，对它顶礼膜拜。 经济：印度是一个农业大国，主要农产品有稻米、小麦、牛奶、油料、甘蔗、茶叶、棉花和黄麻等。全国耕地面积约1. 6亿公顷，人均0. 17公顷。印度是世界第一大产奶国，也是世界重要的产棉国和产茶国。牛、山羊、绵羊、水牛头数居世界第一。印度拥有云母、煤、铁、铝、铬、锰、锌、铜、铅、磷酸盐、黄金、石油等丰富的资源，其中云母的产量和储量为世界之首，铝土产量和煤产量均居世界第五位，云母出口量占世界出口量的60％。森林5300万公顷，覆盖率为16％。印度的工业主要包括制造业、电力、矿业、纺织、食品、精密仪器、汽车制造、软件制造、航空和空间等行业。近年来，印度政府实行全面经济改革，经济发展速度引人注目。印度目前在天体物理、空间技术、分子生物、电子技术等高科技领域都已达到相当的水平。印度的主要出口商品有珠宝制品、棉纱及棉织品、化工制品、机械及五金制品、石油制品、皮革、海产品、铁矿砂及矿产品等。此外，印度的旅游业和服务业也比较发达，在国民经济中占有相当的比例。印度主要旅游点有阿格拉、德里、斋浦尔、昌迪加尔、纳兰达、迈索尔、果阿、海德拉巴、特里凡特琅等。铁路是印度最大的国营部门，亦为主要运输手段，总长度居亚洲第一位，世界第四位。近年来，公路运输发展较快，已承担了全国80％的客运量和60％的货运量，全国日平均客运量逾6000万人次，为世界最大的公路网之一。
