中国主要宗教英语

佛教Buddhism,道教Taoism,伊斯兰教IslamIslamismMohammedanismMoslemism,基督教Christianism,天主教Catholicism

Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Christianity, Catholicism,

道教： Taoism佛教： Buddhism天主教: Catholicism基督教：Christianism伊斯兰教：Islam每个国家的宗教都很多的，这个只是我比较了解的宗教也是相比较而言比较广为人知的。

In the Western life, religion, throughout play an extremely important role. In the Chinese view, religion is just an afterthought, if at times have no choice but to pursue a number of formal rules, it was only outside for some religious significance. Therefore, when the feelings of Westerners with a reverent devotion to God, the Chinese who are not seized the gods can gvc skeptical. 1, values, ways of thinking and behavior differences in For the Westerners, since Almighty God is an external, transcendent entities, limited human simply can not communicate with its phase. Therefore, the two concepts in their world (and beyond this life) is always separate: the philosophy, ontology and phenomena on the other. Religion has divided heaven and earth. And even social utopian ideology and reality are also different. While the Chinese people, because the form had never been beyond the concept of such an external, natural and social, Heaven and humanity, and human relations with the physical has always been one seamless, so people will not only be able to participate directly in heaven and good fortune, and even the world as public social ideal only to the already realized in old and going to pursue. This also affected the way of thinking, the Western form of a binary mode of thinking and to develop a high degree of analysis, tactics, and the Chinese people always like anything with the overall chaos and dialectical attitude towards them Everything always wanted into a complete System. In the West where, owing to the real world beyond the world and has always been separate, so the fold of faith and reason have been separated on the corresponding years, the former is the source of value. The latter is the knowledge base. But for Chinese people, knowledge, and price, faith and reason are like natural, like people, have never been separated before, the value of knowledge, but is realized only left the values, knowledge lost its significance, like the West and that kinds of purely rational knowledge in China, there was no status. 2, the status of religion in society In the West, because the ultimate source of value comes from God, so religion in social life is essential. But in China, secular society, value is based on only a beginning to the society and the groups to look for, therefore, ethics in China, occupies a particularly important place, which is what I am afraid that the spread of Western learning encounter the biggest obstacle. Some people have used "humanism" to sum up the spirit of Chinese culture, as is the view of Chinese society, special attention to people and human relations reasons, but must be explained that the West also has its humanism, but humanism that is targeted to religion theology is concerned, it emphasizes that the people have independent of the value of other than God or nature. Humanism and the beginning of the Chinese people on the establishment of harmony between man and nature in the above so this humanistic relative color more apparent. 3, the impact of religion on political life In the West, the persistence of religious and political contradictions and conflicts. Religious commitment is instructive function. Political load is the management tasks. In the Middle Ages, political subordination to religion, from religion to guide the political. Since modern times, due to the advancement of secular kingship, the role of religion on political control has been gradually weaker or even eliminated, governance and education as two separate force. But in traditional China, due to the power of religion has never been able to manipulate politics to achieve a high degree, so the function of enlightenment have been borne by the political, and this forms a political as the center, to a high degree of unity of political and religious characteristics of society. In short, a small country in the traditional social and political constitutes the center of all activities, both as people's life goal is to obtain the ultimate authority under the final analysis, even the ethics of such a system is to maintain no more than a tool. In the West, political and social life has never been achieved with such a dogmatic and wide-ranging proportions. It is precisely because the impact of this political centrism, modern intellectuals in the West accept the hours are often distorted and misunderstood, and sometimes even change the direction of the spread of Western learning中文对照：在西方人的生活中,宗教自始至终都扮演着一个极其重要的角色。而在中国人看来,宗教只不过是可有可无的东西,如果说有时也不得不奉行一些形式上的规则,那也只是为了某种宗教之外的意义。所以当西方人带着虔敬的心情向上帝奉献时,中国人却对神灵能否致福充满怀疑。1、价值观念、思维方式和行为习惯差异对于西方人来说,既然全能的上帝是一个外在的、超越的实体,有限的人根本无法和它相沟通。所以在他们的观念中两个世界（超越的和现世的）始终是分立的：哲学上有本体和现象之别。宗教上有天国与人间之分。甚至社会思想上也有乌托邦和现实的不同。而对中国人来说,由于从来就没有形成过这种外在超越的观念, 自然和社会、天道与人道、人伦与物理始终一体无间,所以人不但能够直接参与天地的造化,就连天下为公的社会理想也只能到早已实现过的往古中去追寻。这一点还影响到思维方式上,西方人形成了一种二分的思维模式, 并发展出一套高度分析的技俩, 而中国人对任何事物总喜欢用整体浑沌和辩证的态度去对待他们总想把一切东西都纳入到一个完整的系统之内。在西方人那里由于超越世界和现实世界始终是分离的,所以信仰和理摺就相应地被割裂开来,前者是价值的源泉。后者则是知识的基础。但对中国人来说,知识和价位、信仰与理智就像自然与人一样从来就没有分离过,知识只不过是对价值的体认而已,离开了价值,知识就丧失了意义,像西方那种纯粹理性的知识在中国是没有任何地位的。2、宗教在社会中的地位在西方,由于价值的源泉最终来自上帝,所以宗教在社会生活中的地位至关重要。但在中国这个世俗化的社会里，价值的根据一开始就只能到社会和群体中去寻找,因此,伦理观念在中国占有特别重要的地位,这恐怕也正是西学传播中所遇到的最大障碍。有人曾用“人文主义” 来概括中国文化的精神,当是有见于中国社会特别重视人及人伦的缘故,不过需要说明的是,西方同样有其人文主义, 只是那种人文主义是针对于宗教神学而言,它强调的是人有独立于上帝或自然之外的价值。而中国人的人文主义一开始就建立在人和自然的和谐之上,所以这种人文主义的相对色彩更浓厚。3、宗教对政治生活的影响在西方,宗教和政治始终存在着矛盾和冲突。宗教承担的是教化功能。政治负载的则是管理任务。在中世纪,政治附属于宗教,由宗教来指导政治。近代以后,由于世俗王权地位的提高,宗教对政治的控制作用被逐渐稍弱乃至消除,政和教成为两种独立的力量。但在传统中国，由于宗教力量从来就没有达到能够操纵政治的高度,所以教化的功能也一直由政治来负担,结果形成了一个以政治为中心、以政教高度合一为特色的社会。总之,在传统小国社会政治构成了一切活动的中心, 它既是人们生活所追求的目标,也是获取权威的最终根据,说到底,就连伦理观念也无非是维系这种制度的工具而已。在西方,政治在社会生活里从来都没有达到过这样独断和广泛的地步。正是因为这种政治中心主义的影响,近代知识分子在接受西学时往往发生扭曲和误解,有时甚至改变了西学传播的方向。

基督教 Christianity（天主教 Catholicism, 东正教 Orthodoxy, 新教 Protestantism），信仰者分布在欧洲，美洲，非洲，亚洲。伊斯兰教 Islam,信仰者主要在中东。佛教 Buddhism,信仰者主要在东南亚。

Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Christian, Catholic