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英语虚拟语气讲解
学习英语怎么能不知道英语虚拟语气的使用方法呢?下面就让我为大家讲解一下吧。
一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
(一)形式
注：
1.在从句中，be动词多用were的形式。在口语中，如果主语是第一、第三人称单数的话，be动词可用was，但人们总是说：If I were you...
2.主句中的谓语可以由would，should，could和 might这四个不同的情态动词来构成。
3.与将来事实相反的条件从句中，谓语有三种不同的形式：过去式、were +to do或should +do。
例句1：If I were you，I would study hard.我要是你的话，我就会好好学习。(与现在事实相反)
例句2：If I had studied hard，I would have passed CET-6 last semester.我要是早就好好学习的话，那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。(与过去事实相反)
例句3：If Iwere to pass CET-6，I would treat you to dinner at KFC.我要是过了六级考试，就请你去吃肯德基。(与将来事实相反)
(二)省略/倒装
如果在虚拟从句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have，则可把if省略，把上类动词提到主语之前，使用倒装语序。
例句4：Had it not been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood.4要不是人民解放军，我们是无法战胜洪水的。
例句5：Were he here now，he would certainly help me.5他要是在这里肯定会帮我的忙。
注4：例句4中的从句部分出现了否定词not，如果把该句还原成正常语序，应该是：
If it hadn’t been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood.
但是一旦句子发生了省略，就必须把hadn’t分开，否定词not还原，放在主语之后，不可写成Hadn’t it been for的形式。
注5：在虚拟条件从句中，动词be在正常语序中常用were，在口语中，当主语是第一、第三人称单数时，可用was，但在if的倒装句中，必须用were。
(三)错综时间条件句
有时，从句和主句中所表示的动作发生的`时间是不一致的，这时就要根据其所表示的时间来进行调整。
例句6：If I were you，I would have gone to see the doctor.我要是你，我早就去看病了。(从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反)
例句7：If you had gone to see the doctor，you would be all right now.你要早去看病，你现在就没事了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反)
(四)含蓄条件句
虚拟的条件有时可以不用条件从句来表示，而是通过某些介词短语来表达。
例句8：But for the English test，I would have gone home this week.6要不是英语测试，我这个礼拜就回家了。
注6：除了but for(要不是)以外，能够表示虚拟条件的词和短语还包括：but that(要不是)、without(没有)、otherwise(否则)、or(不然)、under...circumstances(在……的情况下)、in the past(在过去)等等。
二、虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法
(一)宾语从句
1.wish后的宾语从句
例句9：I wish I were as young as you.7我希望自己像你一样年轻。
注7：wish从句后使用虚拟语气时，动词的形式根据所表示的时间概念而采用不同形式：过去时(与现在相反)、过去完成时(与过去事实相反)或过去将来时(与将来事实相反)。
2.would rather和would sooner后的宾语从句
两个词组都表示宁愿、宁可的意思，后面如用宾语从句，动词采用过去时(与现在或将来事实相反)或过去完成时(与过去事实相反)。
例句10：I’d rather I hadn’t met you.8我宁愿从来就没遇见过你。
卷卷卷和毛
英语中的虚拟语气用来表示假象，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，而不一定是一个事实，或与事实想反。虚拟语气，通过位于动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的虚拟语气分为陈述语气，祈使语气，虚拟语气三类。如：If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in a air.如果我是只鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 事实是我并不可能变成一只鸟。
松涛学大教育
英语语法有词类也有句型，我们现在来看看虚拟语气的用法。下面是我给大家整理的英语语法虚拟语气讲解，供大家参阅!
if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同：
If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。
If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停了就好了。
If only he didn't drive so fast. 但愿他车没开得那么快。
If only I were [was] better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。
If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
【友情提示】if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，具体用法为：
1.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I'd rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
I'd rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。
I'd rather you were happy. 我愿你快乐。
I'd rather she sat next to me. 我宁愿她挨着我坐。
I'd rather Jack left on an earlier train. 我宁愿杰克乘前一班火车走。
You always go without me and l'd rather you didn't. 你总是不带我去，我可不愿意你这样。
“Shall I open the window? ” “I'd rather you didn't. ”“我要不要把窗子打开? ” “我看不要打开好。”
2. 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I'd rather you hadn't said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
I'd rather you hadn't done that. 我宁愿你没这样做。
l'd rather you had been / hadn't been present。我 (宁) 愿你当时在场 / 不在场。
l'd rather he had told / hadn't told me about it 我 (宁) 愿他告诉了 / 未告诉我这件事。
Katie went by car and I'd rather she hadn't. 凯蒂是坐汽车去的，我宁愿地不坐汽车去。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，表示所说的话不是一个事实，而只是一种假设，愿望，建议，怀疑，猜测或不大可能实现的空想。
I.虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中
虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中，通常从句由连词if 引导。
1.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
条件状语从句主句
If +主语 +动词过去式主语+ would, should, could, might+原形动词
(be的过去式用were)
例如：
If I feared death, I wouldn't be a communist.
(刘胡兰)怕死就不做共产党员。
If there were no air, we couldn't live.
如果没有空气，我们就不能生活。
Example:
I would ask George to lend us the money if I ______ him.
A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know
I _____ it to him if I thought he would understand.
A. shall explain B. will explain C. would explain D. explain
2.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
构成
条件状语从句主句
If + 主语 + 动词过去完成式主语 + would, should, could, might+have + 过去分词
例如：
If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
如果你早来几分钟，你就会碰上他。
If there had been no air in the tube, the result of the experiment would have been more accurate.
如果试管中没有空气，实验结果就会更精确。
Example:
If you hadn't gone with Tom to the party last night, _______.
A. you would meet John already
B. you won't have missed John
C. you will have met John
D. you would have met John
3.与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
构成
条件状语从句主句
If + 主语+ should +原形动词主语+would,should,could,might或were+不定式+原形动词
例如：
If he were to come tomorrow, things would be easier.
假如他明天会来，事情就容易办了。
If the sand should be broken up, it would give out much energy.
如果沙子能被分解，它会释放出大量的能量。
注：在表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句中的should有时可以省略。如：
If he make the design, he might do it in some other way.
要是他来搞这个设计，他可能用另外的方法设计。
Example:
If the sea ____ to rise 50 feet, India would become an island.
A. will B. is C. was D. were
If you ____ to see Mary, what would you tell her?
A. are B. will be going C. must D. were
We might still catch the train if we ___.
A. make hurry B. haste
C. make haste D. hastily
4.错综时间的虚拟语气
在一些含有虚拟语气的句子中，如果主句与从句的谓语表示不同的时间，虚拟语气可有不同形式，即主句与从句各自按自己的时间构成虚拟形式。例如：
If I had met him before, I could recognize him.要是我以前遇见过他，我就能认出他了。
(从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在或将来事实相反)
If we were driving at a speed of 100 Li an hour, we would have arrived there 2 hours ago. 如果我们的行车速度每小时100里，两小时以前我们就会到达那里了。
(从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反)
Example:
If you _____ that late movie last night, you wouldn't be sleepy.
A. haven't watched
B. didn't watch
C. hadn't watched
D. wouldn't have watched
5.省略连词if
在条件状语从句中，如果有were, should, had，可以把连词if 省去，把 were, should, had 放在句首，构成条件意义。例如：
Should it rain tomorrow, what would you do? 万一明天下雨，你怎么办?
Were there no friction, we could not walk. 要是没有摩擦力，我们就不能行走。
Had we known about the new method, we should have applied it earlier.
如果我们过去知道这种新方法，我们早就应用了。
Example:
Had Alice been more hardworking, she _______.
A. had not failed B. would not fail
C. could not be failed D. would not have failed
_______ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
______ difficulties, we would be successful.
A. Should we overcome B. Would we overcome
C. Might we overcome D. Could we overcome
6.虚拟结构中省略主句或从句
虚拟结构中有时可省去主句或从句，并不影响意义的完整。
(1)省去条件从句
That would be fine. 那太好了。(省去了if you would come 或类似条件)
I wouldn't pass up the chance to visit China. 我不会放弃访问中国的机会。
We might have produced more coal. 我们可能生产出更多煤炭。
注：省略条件句，在试题中很少见到。
(2)省去主句，常用以表示愿望。从句谓语多用过去时或过去完成时。
If only she were here. 假如她在这儿该多好啊!
If only he lived! 假如他活着该多好啊!
If only I had known it before. 如果我早先知道这件事，那就好了。
Example:
If only it _____! but it is too late.
A. is avoided B. has avoided
C. could be avoided D. can be avoided
If only everything _____ out as we wanted it to in life!
A. is working B. worked
C. works D. has worked
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