四叶草人生
大学英语必备八大语法写作结构
导语：在大学英语写作中，如何打造一篇高分文章，词汇多变且句型丰富是重点。前者比较容易做到，后者需要扎实的语法基础。接下来我为大家总结了丰富句子的八大语法结构，希望对各位同学有所帮助。
“英文多被动，汉语多主动”，还需要警惕名词与动词之间暗含的“主被动”关系。
Eg1: It is said that …据说/相传
Eg2：I suggest that … It is suggested that …
Eg3：Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建议
Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激
Eg5：Students should study hard.
Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.
名词性从句，含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种;定语从句;状语从句
A. 主语从句：
Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.
Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it为形式主语;that从句为真正主语)
B.宾语从句：
Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.
Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.
Eg3：明智的人不为别人的想法所影响。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.
C. 表语从句：
Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.
Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.
D. 同位语从句
Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (该句中a dream = that 从句，)
Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.
E. 含同位语句式
A.人 身份
Eg. I am convinced that …
As a college student, I am convinced that …
I, as a college student, am convinced that …
B. 物 性质
Eg. A strong will brings us power …
As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…
A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…
插入语
Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.
The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.
Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.
The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.
Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.
Others, even so, hold a different view.
Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽车跟很多其他事物一样，具有两面性)
Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.
F. 定语从句：
步骤：1)先写出正确简单句，确定被修饰成分(中心名词)
2)在中心名词后加入定从，关系词who, whose, whom, where, which, when
Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.
Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?
A. 形式主语 it is +被动/形容词/名词+that从句/to do …
Eg1：It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …
Eg2：It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do
Eg3：It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …
Eg4：It is useless/useful doing sth.
B. 形式宾语
Eg1：An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.
Eg2：An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.
Eg3：A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.
A. 强调谓语：
Eg1：I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.
Eg2：Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.
Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.
B. 强调句式：It is/was +被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分。
【步骤】
a. 先写出正确的简单句、并列句或复合句，明确单句的各个成分。
b. 在被强调成分(除谓语和补语外)两边添加it is/was 和that/who， 其他成分不变，必要时调整顺序。
【强调句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who结构，整个句子无冗余或成分残缺。
Eg1：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.
Eg2：Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
(强调句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
Eg3：The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
A. 表否定的副词、短语或状语位于主语之前或句首，主句半倒装(一般疑问句语序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,
Eg1：I will never agree. Never will I agree.
B. Only +状语位于句首，主句半倒装。
Eg1：When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.
Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.
Eg2：When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.
Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.
Eg3：By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.
Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.
C.As/though倒装形式
Eg1：Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Eg2：Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.
Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.
Eg3：Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
Eg1：no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.
In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.
Eg2：A strong will is very important.
The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.
Eg3：Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
A. 两个动作同时发生且主语一致，将次要动作写成v-ing或v-ed形式做状语，即动作与逻辑主语之间为主动关系时写成v-ing形式、为被动关系是写成V-ed形式。
Eg1：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.
I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.
Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.
Eg2：When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.
B.两个动作主语一致，但前后发生，则可将先发生的.动作写成Having +ved形式。
Eg1：He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.
Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.
Eg1：Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)
Eg2：We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)
Eg3：作为一种重要素质，自信带给我们力量、唤起我们对生活的热爱、帮助我们战胜困难。
As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.
大学英语中应用文写作，通过模板句型，经典的例句完全可以得到比较理想的分数，因为“言简意赅”就是它的特点。而大作文对于语言表达上的要求要高几个level，只是模式化的文字已经不足以打动老师，需要在原有的结构上进一步创新，让老师看的跌宕起伏，还是昏昏欲睡才是高低分的关键所在。
喵了个咪啊
高中语法是基础，大学的语法也都是那些，不过更加的深入，有了难度。记单词的话，还是没有什么太高明的技巧，应该循环记忆为佳。大学英语的单词要长一些，难一些。四级英语的话，做真题，多做点题，多听听力，都是慢慢积累来的饿，急不得。
犀牛望月0
1. 没有严格意义上的区别；我们在高中时英语语法基本就学完了，而到大学及以后的学习中，语法会更综合、复杂——比如，一个句子涉及多个语法点且句子是复杂句。2. PET和CET是两个不同方向的英语考试，侧重点不同，一般不做比较，：PET是全国公共英语等级考试，共分5个等级，期中PET5是最高级；CET是大学英语考试，分为4级和6级，期中6级程度高。（如果你非要比较，我个人觉得还是PET5更难一些，可是CET6应用更广一些。）
快乐的森蝶
1、学英语和读书一样，讲究的是在零碎时间里见缝插针。在地铁上，排队等餐时等等，都可以记一记单词。关于记单词的方法实在是太多了，选择适合自己的就好了，我自己是比较喜欢在阅读中记忆单词和自己制作单词卡片方便记忆。2、很多人觉得语法应该是比较难学的。其实英语里面的主要语法是相对简单的，如果没有老师教你，你可以自己买一本语法书攻克一下。3、从最简单的英文原版小说读起，通过阅读来培养语感。比如：哈利波特、神奇动物在哪里、夏洛的网、月亮与六便士等等，它们的单词、语言和叙述方式都是“入门级”的，容易上手。最好能做到每天都读几页至几十页。我阅读一般是快速阅读法。快速阅读是一种高效的阅读学习方法，其原理在于激活“眼、脑”的潜能，培养和提高阅读速度、整体感知、归纳理解、注意力集中等方面的能力，对应于阅读理解方面的帮助很大。快速阅读的练习可以参考《精英特全脑速读记忆训练》。掌握快速阅读后，可以快速的对文章的关键信息进行提取，提高做题效率和准确性，同时可节约大量的时间，做到游刃有余。做英语阅读理解的时候要注意：阅读时不要逐字逐句的翻译，也不要一句话反复阅读，即阅读时碰到一时不理解的句子就一遍一遍地沉浸在阅读那个句子当中，反复琢磨。其实完全没有必要，因为要选对答案并不意味着对原文的每个句子都要读懂，抓住一些重点句子就够了，正确的做法是，以理解整个段落和整篇文章为主，在涵盖出题点的句子上用心捉摸。4、跟读美剧、英剧，练习口语。在听说读写里面，国内的很多学生在“说”这一项下的功夫远远不够。很多同学找不到自己发音的问题，建议你念一段、录下来，自己听听，然后对比别人的发音，一点点纠正。如果英语基础没打好的话，就要先从发音上纠正，从字母、音标开始纠正。不断改正、练习、巩固之后再用“跟读”的办法，学习音调、语调。通过“跟读”练习最纯正的英音美音。我们完全可以把学英语当成一件好玩的事情，别光刷剧，一边刷一边练习英语才一举两得呐。5、找个靠谱的同伴一起练习。学英语的关键词，除了“重复”，就是“练习”。如果有外国朋友当然最好啦，如果没有，也可以和身边的朋友结成“说英语小组”。很多人觉得，俩中国人聚在一起说英语太好笑了吧，但是不去尝试，你是永远说不出来英语的。
风风一样的自由
一般的高中语法差不多包括了英语所有的语法。只不过相关句式复杂程度和变换有差异。关于PET5与CET6请看下列简介：英语考试PET (PRELIMINARY ENGLISH TEST)英语入门考试（PET）是为具备中等偏下水平的英语学习者设计的考试。达到PET水平的学生应具备自如应付在英语国家的社会和工作环境中遇到的可预知的情况，如能阅读简易读物和文章、写简单的私人信件以及在会议中作记录行等。 PET每年世界有来自80多个国家的80，000多人次参加该考试。 简单说就是公共英语考试public english test，给不是大学生的社会人员考的。 相对于大学英语等级考试college english test而言的公共英语考试，PET难度4级就相当于CET的六级，也就是说并非入门级的，而是有一定难度的考试 剑桥通用英语证书 PET PET（Preliminary English Test）是剑桥通用英语五级系列英语证书考试的第二级，该系列证书考试是为初级至高级各个水平的英语学习者设计的高质量的国际英语考试，是终生有效的英语能力证明。PET考核考生的实用英语技能，无论是对学习还是工作，PET考试都能促进考生语言能力的发展，并为希望参加剑桥第一证书英语考试（FCE）的考生打下坚实基础。PET计算机考试也已在全球推出。 PET的级别 与欧洲语言教学于测试标准（Common European Framework）相对应,欧洲语言教学与测试标准（CEF）从低到高将考生的语言水平和所具备的实际交流能力进行了详尽描述（Can do statement）。描述出考生在听、说、读、写四项技能上所具备的典型能力，例如“能够做自我介绍”，“能够在社交，学术交流及工作环境下灵活及有效地使用语言”。CEF把语言水平划分为3个等级： A（Basic user）基础水平 B（Independent user）独立运用 C（Proficient user）熟练运用 每个等级都分为2个级别：A1,A2,B1,B2,C1和C2. PET考试达到欧洲委员会指定的欧洲语言教学大纲的B1水平。在此阶段考生能够： 1，用清楚及标准语言阐述有关工作、学习或爱好等熟悉话题 2，自如应对在英语国家旅行时可能发生的一般情况 3，讲述经历事件或描述梦想、希望和目标 4，阐述和论证计划 PET考试内容及时间 PET考试考查考生的阅读与写作、听力和会话能力，其中阅读与写作部分占总分的50%，听力、口试各占25%。 试卷1，阅读与写作，1小时30分钟。 阅读：5个部分，包含形式不同、长短不一的文章考查阅读技能：要求考生理解公共场合的通知、符号或标记；能读懂事实性短篇文章，并提取信息；能说明语言结构、作者意图及理解文章可能对读者产生的影响。 写作：包含3个部分，要求考生完成句型转换、填充表格、提供信息、报告事件、描述情境、表达观点等任务。 试卷2，听力，约30分钟（包含8分钟卷写答案的时间） 听力：4个部分，包含长短不一的对话和独白：要求考生能够听懂公共通告及做出的回应、理解对话、提取试试性信息、了解说话者的态度和意图。 试卷3，口试，10-12分钟 口试：4个部分：考生两人一组同时应试考生与考官一对一交谈；考生与考生根据提示资料，互相进行交谈。考核考生在交流过程中参与、理解问题以及回应的能力。 PET考试题目范围 PET考生应该能与英语为母语或非母语的人士就日常生活、学习、工作等场景进行有效的交流。考核的主题范围包括：日常生活；教育；娱乐和媒体；环境；食品和饮料；业余爱好；健康，医药和锻炼；房屋和家；个人情感，观点和经历；个人信息；地方和建筑；与他人关系；交通；服务；购物；社交；运动；自然世界；工作和职业；旅行和假期等。 PET成绩评分与证书 PET试卷将由剑桥大学ESOL考试部经验丰富的阅卷官进行评判。 PET考试成绩分为四个级别：优秀（Pass with Merit），合格（Pass），接近合格（Narrow Fail）。考试分数是三部分试卷分数的总和。每位考生将于考试结束6个星期后收到考试结果报告，报告中不仅提供考试的总分数，还标明考生在某部分试卷的得分极高或极低。通过考试的考生将于考试后3个月内获得由剑桥大学考试委员会ESOL考试中心颁发的证书。
优质英语培训问答知识库
