三月女王Amanda
英语的基本句型主要有五种,它们是： 1、主语———动词———表语 2、主语———动词 3、主语———动词———宾语 4、主语———动词———宾语———宾语 5、主语———动词———宾语———补语 掌握好这些基本句型,就可以为灵活运用语言打下良好的基础.下面分别讲解这五种句型. 一、主语---动词----表语 在这一句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语. 1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语) 2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容词做表语) 3.She remained standing for a hour.(现在分词做表语) 4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语) 5.The machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语) 6.The television was on.(副词做表语) 7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语) 8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语) 9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语,即：表语从句) 注意：在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构. I'm happy to meet you. They are willing to help. We are determined to follow his example. 二、主语———动词 在这一句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组.在有的句子中,不及物动词可以有状语修饰. 1.The sun is rising. 2.I'll try. 3.Did you sleep well?(well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep) 4.The engine broke down. 注意：在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态. 1.The book sells wel. 2.The window won't shut. 3.The pen writes smoothly. 4.Cheese cuts easily. 三、主语———动词———宾语 在此句型中,动词为及物动词,划线部分为宾语. 1.Do you know these people(them)?(名词或代词做宾语) 2.I can't express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语) 3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语) 4.We can't afford to pay such a price.(不定式做宾语) 5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes?(动名词做宾语) 6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(从句做宾语,即：宾语从句) 注意：并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学习动词时,一定要掌握其用法. 四、主语———动词———宾语———宾语 在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习遇时,要牢记.后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物.这类句型有三种情况. 第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语. 1.He handed me a letter. He handed a letter to me. 2.She gave me her telephone number. She gave her telephone number to me. 第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语. 3.She sang us a folk song. She sang a folk for us. 4.She cooked us a delicious meal. She cooked a delicious meal for us. 第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当. 5.Tell him I'm out. 6.Can you inform me where Miss Green lives? 五、主语———动词———宾语———宾语补足语 在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多.后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语.这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多.下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语. 1.He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补) 2.The called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补) 3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语做宾补) 4.We went to here house but found her out.(副词做宾补) 5.What do you advise me to do?(不定式做宾补) 6.We thought him to be an honest man.(tobe做宾补) 7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补) 8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补) 9.Did you notice him come in?(不带to的不定式做宾补) 10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词做宾补) 11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词做宾补) 注意：在这个结构中,可以出现用it做形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面.在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句. 1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析：it是形式宾语,hisduty是宾语补足语,to mention this to her是真正的宾语. 2.I think it best that you should stay with us. 分析：it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,that you should stay with us是真正的宾语. 注意： 1.习惯用语的使用 在英语中,有很多动词习惯用语,在学习的过程中,要注意它们的使用,不必分析单独每个词的使用. 例： We are short of money.(be short of中short做表语) She is always making trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的宾语) He has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做词组carry out的宾语) We are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for后面的the rain是宾语,to stop是宾语补足语) 2.在英语中,大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词,而且还会有一些固定词组,因此一个动词可以用于几种句型. 例：ask ①Did you ask the price?(直接接名词做宾语) ②She asked them their names.(接双宾语) ③I asked James to buy some bread.(接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语) ④I asked to speak to Fred.(接不定式做宾语) ⑤Didn't you ask him in?(在此句中和副词in连用) ⑥He has asked for an interview with the President.(组成固定词组ask for) 3.There be句型是一种特殊的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“有…” ①谓语动词和主语保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room. ②有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall. ③主语的后面有时有修饰语：There are a lot of difficulties facing us.There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do). ④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight.There was little change in him. ⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语. There used to be a cinema here. There seems to be something the matter with her. Is there going to be any activity tonight? ⑥there be句式变疑问句,把be提前；变翻译疑问句也要借助there. Is there any hope of getting the job? There is nothing wrong with your watch,is there? ⑦there be句型中也可以使用诸如：live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词： Once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island. There came a knock at the door. At the top of the hill there stands an old temple. ⑧用于非谓语的情况下,有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being： You wouldn't want there to be another war.(不定式的复合结构) The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework.(动名词的复合结构) There being nothing else to do,we went home.(独立主格结构) ■巩固性练习 请判断下列句子的结构类型 1.He is running. 2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry. 3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions. 4.She seemed angry. 5.My father bought me a beautiful present. 6.Why do you keep your eyes closed? 7.Will you tell us an exciting story? 8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean. 9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room. 10.Can you push the window open? 答案： 1.主语---动词 2.主语---动词---宾语---补语 3.主语---动词---宾语---宾语 4.主语---动词----表语 5.主语---动词---宾语---宾语 6.主语---动词---宾语---宾语 7.主语---动词---宾语---补语 8.主语---动词---宾语---补语 9.主语---动词---宾语---补语 10.主语---动词---宾语---补语
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1、not...until引导时间状语从句教材例句 …but your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning the bicycle.句型解读not…until/till 意思是“直到…才”，表示主句谓语所表示的动作直到until状语所表示的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。2、It is /was the first time that…教材例句It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.句型解读It is the first (second…etc) that… (从句谓语动词用现在完成时)It was the first (second…etc) that… (从句谓语动词用过去完成时)the first time 可作从属连词用，引导时间状语从句。如：The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.3、with的复合结构教材例句Mum asked her if she was very hot with so many clothes on.句型解读with+名词/代词(宾格)+分词/形容词/介词短语/不定式/副词在句中常作伴随状语。动词形式的选择取决于宾语同动词之间的逻辑关系。例如：The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.4.make 后接复合宾语教材例句…, so she made her diary her best friend.句型解读make 后接复合宾语，宾语补足语须用不带to 的不定式、形容词、过去分词、名词等。常见的有以下几种形式：(1)make sb. do sth.让(使)某人做某事。He was made to repeat it.(注意在被动句中，不定式前要加to)(2) make sb. /sth. +adj.使某人/物……We should do our best to make our country stronger and more beautiful.(3)make sb./ oneself +v-ed 让某人/自己被……When you speak, you should make yourself understood. (4) make sb.+n. 使某人成为…(5) make it n. /adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.We made him leader of our team. (注意表示职位的名词前不加冠词)He made it easy for us to understand the text.5.even if/even though 引导让步状语从句教材例句Native speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.句型解读even if/even though, 意为“即使”，用来引导一个让步状语从句，后面既可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，但是even if/even though,引导的从句中不用将来时。如：Even though/if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.6.动词 -ing形式作状语教材例句One big change in English usage happened when Noah Webster wrote the American Dictionary of the English Language，giving American English its own identity.句型解读动词-ing形式作状语时，可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等，通常情况下句子的主语与该动词之间是逻辑上的主动关系，表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由when及while引出。如：Both of his parents died in the war, leaving him alone.7.连词since引导时间状语从句教材例句Since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.句型解读连词since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，介词since 与表示过去某一点时间的词语连用，副词since 后不用从句或词语。It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时(从句中的动作不能延续)自从……至今已经多久了。since then 自从那时至今 ever since 从那以后一直8、强调句型教材例句It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.句型解读强调句型It is/was…that/who 的用法归纳如下：强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般来说，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。 强调句型应避免使用when, where, which 等连词。 含一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句句型:① 含一般疑问句的强调句型，其结构为：Is it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分？② 特殊疑问句的强调句型结构形式为：特殊疑问词+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分？9、although/though引导让步状语从句教材例句Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places,…句型解读Although conj. “尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。拓展：① although 从句多在句首， though 从句可在主句前、中、后任何位置，而且though 可以作副词用于句末，作“但是，不过”讲，而although 无此用法。② although 用来陈述事实而不用于假设，所以as though(仿佛，好像)，even though(即使，尽管)中不能用although。③ though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装(将表语、状语、情态动词后的动词原形前置到句首，此用法同as),而 although 不可以。10、once 引导时间状语从句 教材例句Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.句型解读Once 可作为从属连词，作“一(旦)……就……”解，连接一个表示时间的状语从句。从句中常用一般现在时，现在完成时表将来。如：Once you have begin you must continue.Once printed，the book will be very popular。11.there be 句型教材例句Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake.句型解读“There +be +主语+其它成分”结构中there为引导词，本身无意义，谓语动词按照就近一致原则。其它相似句型还有：There happen to be 碰巧有There seems/appears to be 好像有There is likely to be 可能有There may/might be 也许有There must be 一定有There can’t be 不可能有There is said/reported to be 据说/据报道有There used to be 曾经有There is sure/certain to be 一定有12.It seems/seemed that…从句教材例句It seemed that the world was at an end。句型解读从句表示“(在某人)看来好像；似乎”① It seems/looks/appears as if/though…看起来好像…② Sb./Sth. looks as if/though…(不用seem/appear)③ There seems/appears(to be)…(不用 look) There appears to have been a mistake. =It appears that there has been a mistake.④ It seems so. =So it seems.看来似乎是这样。13、leave+宾语+宾补教材例句句型解读“leave+宾语+宾补”结构中leave 作为及物动词，可以表示“使保留，让…处于(某种状态、某地等)”。其后接形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、名词或句子等补足语。如：① I’m sorry I’ve left some questions unanswered.② He left the windows open.③ Don’t leave her to cook for 20 minutes.14、部分否定教材例句All hope was lost.句型解读该句为部分否定。All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及every+名词都表示全部肯定；但当not 在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。no one, none nobody, nothing, not…any, 以及 no+名词都表示全部否定。如：① Both of them haven’t read this story.并非他们二人都看过这个故事。② All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. 这些男孩都很聪明，但没有一个人能解出这道题。③ All bamboo doesn’t grow tall.=Not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有的竹子都长的高。15、only 引导的倒装句教材例句We first broke the law in a way, which was peaceful; when this not allowed…only then did we decided to answer violence with violence.句型解读Only 位于句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，句子采用部分倒装的语序；修饰状语从句时，只有主句采用部分倒装的语序。如：① Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.只有这样，你才能想出解决这个问题的办法。② Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次他才来参加会议。③ Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.病的很重时，他才卧床休息。
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