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英语语法并列连词
【提要】考研英语语法小讲：并列连词
连词用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子。连词不能单独作句子成分，也没有词形变化。连词分为并列连词和从属连词两种。
并列连词
并列连词用来连接句子中担任相同成分的词、短语或分句。常见的有七个单词和四个短语：and, but, or, for(因为), nor, so, yet; both…and…, not only….but also…., either…or…., neither…nor…
1.and用来连接词、短语或分句，表示并列或对称关系：
The man put on his coat and hat, and went out of the office. 那个人穿上外衣、戴上帽子，走出了办公室。
A car and a dictionary are both useful. 汽车和字典都有用处。
I went home and John stayed there. 我回家了，而约翰呆在那里。
2.but连接两个含义不同甚至相反的词、短语或分句，表示转折：
Not everybody is honest and hardworking, but Tom is. 并非每个人都诚实肯干，但汤姆是的。
We tried to persuade her to do it but failed. 我们尽力说服她去做，但没有成功。
3.or表示两者居其一，表示选择：
Which VCD player is better, this one or that one? 哪个VCD更好，这个还是那个?
Are you hungry or not? 你饿了没有?
4.For(因为)只能放在表示结过的分句后面，引导表示原因的分句：
I must be going, for it’s getting dark. 我必须走了，因为天黑了。
He didn’t go there, for he was ill. 他没到那儿去，因为他病了。
5.Both…and…只能用来连接两个并列的词或短语，不能连接句子：
His plan is both easy and practical. 他的计划既容易又实用。
Zhang Yimou is a famous director both at home and abroad. 张艺谋是一位在国内外都著名的导演。
Both this plane and its engines are made in China. 飞机和它的发动机都是中国制造的`。
6.Not only…but also…不但能连接词和短语，而且还能连接分句。Also 有时省略。注意not only 位于句首时，主语和谓语需要倒装：
He is not only an actor but also a writer. 他不仅是演员，而且是作家。
He not only read it but also remembered what he had read. 他不但读过，而且记住了所读过的东西。
When we talk about the universe, we mean not only the earth, the sun, and the moon, but (also) all the other things too far away for us to see. 当我们谈到宇宙时，我们不但指地球、太阳和月亮，而且还指一切远得看不见的其他东西。
Not only did he say it but (also) he did it. 他不但说了，而且做了。(倒装)
Not only do the nurses want a pay rise, but also they want reduced hours. 护士们不但要求加工资，而且还要求缩短工时。(倒装)
7.Either…or…表示选择，“或者…或者…”、“不是….就是…”的意思。注意either…or…(整个结构作主语时)句子中的动词通常要和邻近的主语相一致。
Either you are wrong, or I am. 不是你错了，就是我错了。
Either you or he is going to get the job. 不是你就是他将获得这份工作。
Can I borrow either your car or your bike? 我可以借用你的汽车或者你的自行车吗?
If you’re late, you should make an apology to the host either immediately or later. 如果你迟到了，你应该立即或事后向主人道歉。
8.Neither…nor…表示“既不….又不…”的意思。注意neither…nor…整个结构作主语时，句子中的谓语动词通常要和邻近的主语一致：
Neither the students nor I am ready yet. 学生们和我都还没有准备好。
He worked neither for fame nor for money. 他干工作既不图名又不图利。
The girl could neither speak nor write the language. 这个女孩既不会说也不会写那种语言。
9.So(因此)，引导表示结过
双鱼0303
英语写作讲究逻辑，英语作文如果衔接的不好的话，我们的考研写作就落了下乘了。下面是我给大家整理的考研英语作文写作逻辑衔接词，供大家参阅!
表示对照：but，still，yet，however，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of，even though等。
表示结 果 和 原 因：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，hence，thus，otherwise等。
表示目的：for this reason，for this purpose，so that等。
表示强调：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，most important等。
表示解释说明：for example，in fact，in this case，for actually
表示总结：finally，at last，in conclusion，as I have shown，in other words，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been stated
表对比 whereas, while, as opposed to, by contrast, by comparison, on the contrary, oppositely, but, yet
表示时间:in general, every, some, sometimes, after, on the whole, usually, most, at other times, in most cases, frequently, main, finally, as a rule, rarely, before, meanwhile
表举例 for example ，to name a few, say , such as，to list but a few, for instance
表递进in addition, furthermore ,what’s more, what’s worse, additionally
表示转折:although, instead, rather than, but, nevertheless, though, however, on the other hand, otherwise
表示时间顺序：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally
表示空间顺序：near(to)，far(from)，in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right (left)，around，outside
这些词或短语起到一个衔接和过渡的作用，使句子间的句子关系更富有逻辑性。比如在写作时，我们完全可以灵活去用这些词语，在表示转折时，很多考生只会用but, but到底，分数肯定不会很高，你完全可以用其它词来替换，比如however, on the other hand等，这样词汇不就更加多元化了吗。
一、英语作文常用的连接词
1. 并列关系
and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example
2. 转折关系
although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite
3. 顺序关系
first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next
4. 因果关系
as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of
5. 归纳关系
as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word
二、英语文章及结尾常用过渡词
A. 文章及段落起始过渡词语
1. To begin with
2. Generally speaking
3. First of all
4. In the first place
B. 文章及结尾常用的过渡词语
1. Therefore
2. Thus
3. This way
4. In conclusion
5. To sum up
6. In a word
7. In brief
8. As a matter of fact
C. 常见的表示先后顺序的过渡词语
1. First,… Second, … Next, … Finally, …
2. Afterwards, …
3. Meanwhile, …
4. Then, …
5. Firstly,… Secondly, … Eventually, …
6. At last
7. Immediately
8. suddenly
9. soon
D. 常见的对称关系的过渡词语
1. For one thing, … for another thing, …
2.On one hand, … on the other hand, …
E. 常见的表示因果关系的过渡词语
1. For this reason
2. As a result
3. because of
4. Due to
5. Thanks to
6. Thus
7. In this way
8. Accordingly
9. Therefore
三、逻辑词
a.表示开场to begin with , in the first place , in general , generally speaking
b.表示总结to summarize , to sum up , to conclude , in conclusion , finally
c.表示举例a case in point , a good illustration / example of … is …,
d.表示原因because , since , for , the cause of , the reason for , now that
e.表示结果as a result , as a consequence , consequently
f.表示比较both , like , likewise , similarly , in common , in the same way
g.表示对照on the contrary , on the other hand , despite , in spite of , however
h.表示列举first , firstly , in the first place , first of all , to begin with
i.表示强调especially , particularly , certainly , surely , chiefly , actually
hanhan0124
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哈哈的静静哈
一、长难句训练题1、This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.2、Of course, some regulation is inevitable and undoubtedly necessary, but a free and democratic society functions best when it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to the reasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of the government.3、Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.4、Additional social stress may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. 5、While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.二、长难句训练题解析1、解析： during the Second World War介词短语作状语；when several governments came to the conclusion … foreseen in detail做定语修饰the Second World War; that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail定语从句修饰conclusion; that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment定语从句修饰demands.参考译文：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。2、解析：Of course介词短语作状语；从属连词when 引导的从句it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to the reasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of the government为状语修饰动词function。参考译文：当然，某些规定是不可避免并且是必需的，但是只有当社会让民众通过自己的理智判断而非政府管制去解决道德难题时，一个自由民主的社会才能最大限地发挥其功能。3、解析：句子的主干是Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism。which引导定语从句，修饰linguistic determinism。定语从句的谓语动词是states，两个that引导宾语从句，并列作为states的宾语。参考译文：沃尔夫进而相信类似某种语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。4、解析：句子主干是Additional social stress may also occur。because of 的后边接两个名词短语the population explosion和problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport来表示原因。其中，第二个名词短语又含有一个短语themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport来补充说明mass migration movements。因此，这里的代词themselves指代名词短语mass migration movements。“made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰themselves。参考译文：由于人口的猛增或大量的人口流动（现代交通工具使这种流通变得相对容易）造成的种种问题也回对社会造成新的压力。5、解析：while引导让步状语从句，其意思是“虽然”。不定代词one 指代名词短语definition of history。that引导定语从句，修饰one。参考译文：几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。
