保证英语discourse

The term discourse (L. discursus, “running to and fro”) identifies and describes written and spoken communications. In semantics and discourse analysis, a discourse is a conceptual generalization of conversation. In a field of enquiry and social practice, the discourse is the vocabulary (codified language) for investigation of the subject, e.g. legal discourse, medical discourse, religious discourse, et cetera. In the works of the philosopher Michel Foucault, a discourse is “an entity of sequences, of signs, in that they are enouncements (énoncés).”The enouncement (l’énoncé, “the statement”) is a linguistic construct that allows the writer and the speaker to assign meaning to words and to communicate repeatable semantic relations to, between, and among the statements, objects, or subjects of the discourse. There exist internal relations among the signs (semiotic sequences) that are between and among the statements, objects, or subjects of the discourse. The term discursive formation identifies and describes written and spoken statements with semantic relations that produce discourses. As a researcher, Foucault applied the discursive formation to analyses of large bodies of knowledge, e.g political economy and natural history.In the first sense-usage (semantics and discourse analysis), the term discourse is a field of research in corpus linguistics. In the second sense-usage (codified vocabulary), and in the third sense-usage (a statement) the analyses of discourse identify and determine the existing semantic relations among language and structure and agency, as in sociology, feminist studies, and anthropology, ethnography and cultural studies, literary theory and the philosophy of science. A Discourse is a text for communicating data, information, and knowledge, composed of internally related statements. The term interdiscourse identifies and describes the external semantic relations among discourses, because a discourse exists in relation to other discourses, e.g. books of history; thus do academic researchers debate and determine “What is a discourse?” and “What is not a discourse?” in accordance with the denotations and connotations (meanings) used in their academic disciplines.

oration：a formal speech made on a public occasion，especially as a part of a ceremony. 它就是讲说致辞的意思~~（尤其作为意识的一部分）speech：a formal talk that a person geives to an audience.讲说，讲话，发言。discourse：a long and serious treatment or discussion of a subject in speech or writing.演讲，论文。一般演讲用speech就行~~