Sally-yiner
男性健康是国际社会普遍关注的问题。相信众多男性朋友对 健康知识 也是了解不多。下面是我带来的关于男性健康 科普知识 的内容，欢迎大家阅读!
三不宜
1、不宜穿紧身三角裤
从生理结构上而言，由于男性的睾丸在体外，包裹着睾丸的阴囊将不断调节温度，使精子产生和存贮于比机体内低于2℃左右的条件下。而一般睾丸的温度只有保持在35℃的情况下才能正常产生精子，也只有在这种温度下精子才能充满活力，温度过高或过低都会影响睾丸的功能。
如果男性身穿紧身三角裤，就会使阴囊固定紧靠腹腔，因而阴囊调节温度的功能会受到限制;同时，如果睾丸一直靠近温暖的腹腔，腹腔温度高于睾丸功能正常发挥所需的温度，将造成生精功能障碍，导致不育。此外，如果内裤布料是透气性差、散热不好的化纤材料，将使阴囊处于密闭状态，空气不流通，细菌容易繁殖，引起尿道炎。长此以往，将造成精子质量差，活动度低。
2、不宜久坐马桶
现代人的日常生活中，不少人都有喜欢久坐马桶看书看报的习惯。久坐马桶是不良的卫生习惯，对男性生理健康影响尤其大。由于排便动作是机体反射动作，是人体大脑到排便中枢协调参与的全身性动作，如果人久坐马桶读书读报，会忽略便意，使全身的排便动作不协调，出现制止便意的感觉。
从而使直肠对粪便压力刺激失去敏感性，造成排便困难，进而大便干燥，久而久之形成习惯性便秘。对于男性而言，这种不良习惯对前列腺的危害尤其大。由于久坐马桶使排便时间延长，下腹部和盆腔容易淤血，使直肠和肛门处静脉曲张成团形成痔疮;同时长期便秘，粪便压迫会造成前列腺血液运行受阻，加重前列腺炎的症状。
不仅久坐马桶，男性在日常生活中的各种久坐都会对前列腺产生影响。如久坐电脑、打 麻将 、长期骑自行车等活动，都容易使男性会阴部充血，淤血淤积，从而造成痔疮和加重前列腺炎的症状。
3、不宜喝浓茶咖啡碳酸饮料
在食品上，作为男人应该尽量远离“不宜”品种。不少“热门饮料”都不适合男性。首先是茶，特别是功夫茶。这是因为茶中含有茶胺等成分，这些成分容易使前列腺兴奋，促使前列腺血管敏感活跃，从而容易引发前列腺发炎或复发。一般而言，越浓的茶致前列腺发炎率越高。
其次是咖啡，其中也含有容易使前列腺兴奋的成分，容易造成前列腺肿大，喝多了咖啡的男性通常会有排尿不顺畅的感觉。再次为碳酸饮料，这是被列入“垃圾食品”名单的种类。充气的碳酸饮料中除蔗糖外，很少有其他的营养成分。碳酸饮料中大多添加碳酸、柠檬酸、乳酸成分，会使人体体液处于一种酸性状态，而人体本身体液处于碱性状态，因此实际上碳酸饮料并不利于人体疲劳的消除，也容易对男性精液中的碱性状态产生干扰。
研究还表明，碳酸饮料中的酸性物质、添加剂、防腐剂和咖啡因共同形成的作用，会在一定程度上降低性能力，限制精子的活力。至于酒，酒精容易引起性腺中毒，损害生精细胞，抑制男性性激素的合成，使雄性激素减少，导致性功能下降甚至阳痿。
三宜
1、要远离电磁辐射
对于男性来说，在生活中尤其要注意远离电磁辐射源，这是由其生理特点决定的。在日常生活中，目前具有电磁辐射的大型电气设备和家用电器随处可见，医院中的核磁共振设备，家里的电视、电磁炉、微波炉，办公室的电脑、手机等都散发着强大的辐射。
电磁波作用于人的机体，会直接产生电磁感应，从而干扰细胞生物膜上的受体酶的活性，引起细胞形态变异和动能损害，长期受到电磁辐射，会引起男性的生殖细胞和精子活动能力降低及数量减少。
男性尤其要注意远离电磁辐射，这是因为男性的染色体与女性相比较为脆弱，更容易引起免疫系统的改变，其次男性生殖细胞和精子对电磁辐射更为敏感。因此，作为男性应尽量减少与电磁波接触的机会，即使是不得已要接触的情况下也要尽量保持一定的安全距离，一般是半米以上。
2、冲凉要用坐浴
由于男性的会阴部解剖生理比较复杂，阴-茎、睾丸、前列腺、精囊等生殖器官都集中于此。因此如果采取坐浴的方式，把这些生殖器官都浸泡于热水之中，就可去除汗渍、细菌、霉菌和有害的微生物，有效治疗或防止包皮炎、尿道炎、阴囊炎以及痔疮和肛瘘，特别是对于预防前列腺炎有明显效果，能延缓男性的衰老。
按照中医理论，在坐浴的水中可以放置红花、葛根等舒筋活血药物，对前列腺周围血管进行扩张，增加供血量，使前列腺炎得以缓解。专家指出，定期进行这种“坐浴”，可达到一定的理疗作用。
3、适宜进食巧克力
对于男性来说，巧克力是一种不错的健康食品。这是由于其内含的丰富碳水化合物和乳脂，会在体内产生热量。现代科学研究揭示，这种乳脂会发出一种特殊的香甜芬芳气味，从而催化人体唾液产生一种免疫球蛋白的抗体，因此可以增加机体抵御风寒、细菌和病毒的能力，对于经常要在外奔波的男性而言，是适宜食品。
方法一：积极的心态
慢性前列腺炎的治疗是一个漫长的过程，患者常常在花费大量时间、精力和财力之后，症状缓解仍然不明显。于是，很多患者就会在心理上对治愈该病失去信心，长期生活在一种挫折感之下，严重影响了正常的生活和工作。
如果患者能够重新审视一下自身的疾患，会发现疾病的症状波动，往往跟情绪和精神状态有很大关系。在心情愉悦或者工作学习比较投入时，经常感到症状减轻，甚至感觉不到病痛;在情绪低落时，则感到病痛加重。而这种病痛加重的感受，又反过来使得情绪更加低落，从而形成恶性的循环，造成心情的持续低落。所以，努力调节自己的心理状态，保持积极的生活态度，对于很多慢性前列腺炎患者来讲，是首先要重视和解决的问题。
方法二：良好的生活习惯
生活中，必须保持规律的作息时间，保证充足的睡眠，防止无规律的生活或过度疲劳引起免疫力下降。远离咖啡因,辛辣与酒精，这三种刺激性食物对于男性的影响虽然是因人而异,但是为了健康理由最好远离。
饮食上，患者需要避免酗酒和进食辛辣食物。此外，由于慢性前列腺炎发生后，前列腺局部锌离子浓度的降低，会影响前列腺的抗病能力，故患者可以选择食用含锌量较高的食物，如芝麻、花生、苹果等。同时，还可服用适量维生素C、维生素E，利用其抗氧化、清除自由基的作用使症状得以改善。
尿液对尿道的冲刷，不仅可以帮助前列腺分泌物的排泄，也有助于预防重复感染的发生。因此，患者应注意多饮水、勤排尿。同时，还要注意保持大便通畅，避免发生便秘。
方法三：洗温水澡
洗温水澡可以舒解肌肉与前列腺的紧张,因此可以减缓症状。
方法四：多放松
生活压力可能会增加前列腺肿大的机会,临床显示,当生活压力减缓,通常前列腺症状多会舒缓。
方法五：规律的性生活
临床显示,每周三次或更多的规律性生活可以缓解前列腺疾患,而让前列腺排空的最佳方法莫过于规律的性生活,许多中年夫妻通常会慢慢失去性生活,这对于前列腺保健十分不利。
医生们近年来在临床上发现，多吃苹果可以起到有效的调理作用，能够达到减轻慢性前列腺炎的症状、减少复发的目的。这主要是因为苹果中锌的含量非常高，而锌是前列腺内的重要抗病元素，并且能够影响到抗炎细胞的功能。
慢性前列腺炎患者的前列腺液内，锌含量比正常者明显降低，并且在治疗的过程中很难提高，只有当前列腺炎症痊愈时，锌含量才能够恢复正常。以往医生们喜欢让患者服用含锌的药物，但这种治疗方法不宜长期使用，药物剂量也不容易把握。通过吃苹果来补锌，不仅没有任何副作用，而且有利于人体吸收和利用，比吃药的效果更好。在临床上使用后，受到大部分患者的欢迎，已经成为有名的“苹果疗法”。
笑傲江湖之悟空
由于随着科技和社会的发展，人们的生活水平不断提高，当代人把身体健康看得越来越重，对自己的饮食习惯，药物的使用与滥用和急救知识等格外关注。下面是我带来的医学科普 文章 ，欢迎阅读!
医学科普文章英文版1
为什么总是睡不好?十大常见睡眠错误
Most of us have struggled at some point with sleep. Whether it’s not getting enough sleepor struggling to get up in the morning, it can be difficult to get the balance just right.
大多数人都遇到过一些睡眠问题。有可能是睡得不够，又或者是早晨起不来，很难达到平衡睡得舒服。
However, sleep is essential if we want to be productive in life. It provides us with theenergy we need to get stuff done!
然而为了保证精力充沛，睡眠是十分必要的。我们需要睡足了才有精力干活!
Here are the 10 most common sleep mistakes people make and a few tips for avoidingthem!
下面列出了常见的十大睡眠错误以及纠正小贴士。
1. The snooze button
闹钟止闹按钮
Don’t EVER hit the snoozebutton. It really is much more beneficial to just get up on yourfirst alarm. Think about it – the snooze button gives you an extra 10 minutes or so sleep. Inthe grand scheme of your day this really won’t provide you with any more energy. In-fact itdoes the opposite. Research has shown that ‘interrupted sleep’ can cause us to feel moretired.
千万不要按止闹按钮，其实在闹铃一响时就起来对身体更好。想想看，止闹按钮可以让你多睡10分钟或者更长一点时间。但相比于一整天满满的计划，这多睡的10分钟根本无法为你多添几份活力。事实上恰恰相反，研究表明受干扰的睡眠会让人更加疲倦。
2. Disorganized sleeping habits
不规律的睡眠习惯
It’s much easier to get to sleep each night (and wake up feeling refreshed) if we have aregular routine. This means going to bed at roughly the same time each night and getting upat roughly the same time each morning. If you’re disorganized with your sleeping routine, youend up interrupting your natural sleeping rhythms, which can cause insomnia and fatigue.
如果每天的作息时间规律，每晚会更加容易入眠(醒来时也会感到神清气爽)。也就是说每晚在相对固定的时间睡觉，每天早上在相对固定的时间起床。如果你睡觉的时间不规律，就会打乱你的生物钟，导致失眠和疲劳感。
3. Long naps
小睡时间过长
Long naps can disrupt your sleeping rhythms so if you’re desperate for a nap then keep itunder the 30 minute mark (and before 4pm). Short naps after lunch can help to restore energylevels (just make sure you don’t sleep in).
小睡时间过长会打乱人的生物钟，所以如果你真的很想打个盹儿的话，请把时间控制在30分钟以内(而且要在下午四点前睡)。在午餐后小睡一会儿有助于恢复体力(只是不要睡过头了)。
4. Caffeine/stimulants
咖啡因/兴奋剂
Don’t drink any caffeinated drinks after mid-day. Caffeine stimulatesyour body for up to 12hours after consumption so it’s important to restrict your intake later in the day. Be aware ofsupposed ‘herbal’ drinks such as green tea, which can have a high dose of caffeine. Alwayscheck the label.
请不要在中午之后饮用含咖啡因的饮料。咖啡因会持续的影响人体12个小时，所以要控制自己不要在中午以后摄取咖啡因。小心一些“草本”饮料，例如绿茶含有很高的咖啡因。每次喝饮料之前都要看一下成份标签。
5. Stress &negative thinking
压力和消极想法
Stress is a large reason why many people find it difficult to sleep. One of the worse thingsyou can do is be stressed before bed. Stress produces chemicals that physically stop us fromsleeping. Try and clear your mind before bed time and make an effort to think positive thoughtsthat aid sleep.
压力是造成人难以入眠的重要原因。在上床睡觉前带着太大压力就更加糟糕了。压力会使人分泌出某些从生理上阻止睡眠的化学物质。尝试在睡前清空所思所想，努力朝有助于睡眠的积极方面想吧。
6. Too much light
光线太亮
Our bodies depend on ‘sleep signals’ to fall asleep and one of those signals is darkness.Make sure your room is as dark as possible before trying to get to sleep. Even a thin stream oflight coming in through your window can disrupt your pinealgland’s production of sleephormones and therefore disturb your sleep rhythms, so make sure your blinds are closed!
我们的身体依靠“睡眠信号”来入睡，其中一个信号就是黑暗。所以在睡觉前要确保房间光线尽可能暗。即便是透过玻璃窗射进来的一小束光线也可能会干扰人的松果体分泌睡眠荷尔蒙，从而干扰睡眠生物钟。因此要保证关上百叶窗!
7. Sugar before bedtime
睡前摄取糖分
Sugary snacks before bedtime are a really bad idea. The sugar can disrupt the chemicals inyour body causing you to wake up during the night. Limit all late night sweet treats – if you’rehungry go for a protein based snack instead.
睡前吃含糖的零食真的是个坏主意。糖会破坏人体体内的化学物质，导致人在夜间醒来。因此要控制晚间吃甜食的量，如果你饿了，去吃一些蛋白质为主的零食吧。
8. Alcohol before bedtime
睡前喝酒
Alcohol is a sedativeand therefore people get fooled into thinking it will help them get agood nights sleep. The reality is that it may initially induce sleep, however it usually drasticallyimpairs sleep during the second half of the night which leads to interrupted sleep patterns thatwill leave you feeling fatigued in the morning (not to mention the hangover!)
酒精有镇定作用，因此人们会误以为酒精能帮助睡眠。实际上酒精可能会在一开始促进人睡眠，但是它也常会在后半夜严重影响人的睡眠，打乱人的睡眠模式，让你在早上觉得很疲乏(更不用说还有宿醉了)。
9. TV in the bedroom
卧室里摆放电视
It can be easy to fall asleep on the couch in front of the TV. It’s important we don’t try andreplicatethis strategy in the bedroom though. The bedroom must only be associated withsleep. When you start to introduce mental stimulation such as a TV this can severely disruptyour sleep patterns.
坐在电视机前的沙发上很容易睡着，但重要的是我们不能在卧室里尝试这一 方法 。卧室应当只与睡眠有关，把电视机之类刺激神经的东西放进卧室会严重打乱你的睡眠模式。
10. Worrying about sleep
担心睡眠
If you’ve had a few bad nights sleep, then the worst thing you can do is worry too muchabout it. When we place too much focus on sleeping this can cause anxiety and only make theproblem worse. Try to go with the flow and let your body naturally get into a healthy sleeppattern.
当你几天都睡不好后，最糟糕的事情就是你还总是担心自己的睡眠。当我们把注意力过多放在睡眠上时，就会导致焦虑，而焦虑只会让睡眠问题变得更严重。试着顺其自然地让身体进入健康的睡眠模式吧。
医学科普文章英文版2
5个有害健康的常见生活习惯
Everyday health hazard 1: Lying
日常健康危害之1：撒谎
Whether you’re complimenting your best friend’s unflattering hairdo or “improvising”on thecost of your new designer shoes, we all tell the odd fibfrom time to time. However, accordingto research, those little white lies could be more harmful than you think. Lying can generatefeelings of stress which are damaging to your health, and a study by researchers at theUniversity of Notre Dame found that when people reduced the amount of lies they told theysuffered from less headaches, sore throats and anxiety.
无论你是在恭维你最好朋友那不讨喜的发型，或临时冲动购物买下最新名牌鞋，在这时候我们通常会撒一些古怪的小谎。但是最新的研究显示，即便是那些无害纯洁的小谎言也会带来意想不到的危害。撒谎会产生压力，而压力会损害你的健康。一项来自圣母大学的研究发现，当人们减少说谎话的次数时，他们就会减少头疼、咽喉疼痛和焦虑的患病次数。
Everyday health hazard 2: Eating at your desk
日常健康危害之2：办公桌上吃饭
If you’re having a busy day in work, it can be tempting to skip your lunch break and eat atyour desk. However, missing out on breaks is not only bad for your stress levels, eating whiledistracted may also mean you are more likely to overeat. Furthermore, spending your lunchhour at your desk can lengthen the time you are physically inactive and also expose you toharmful bacteria. According to a study by the University of Arizona, your work station containsnearly 400 times more germs than the average toilet seat, making it a less than ideal place fordining.
如果你工作忙绿，你的午餐休息时间可能没了，就不得不在办公桌上吃午饭。然而错过了休息不仅会让你感到压力紧张，而且心烦意乱的你在这时候吃饭会导致你进食过量。此外，在办公桌上吃饭，你的身体不活动的时间就会增加，还会让你暴露在有害的细菌环境中。亚利桑那大学的研究 报告 显示，办公环境细菌量是马桶座圈平均量的400倍，你还想在这样的地方进餐吗?
Everyday health hazard 3: Housework
日常健康危害之3：家务
Need an excuse to put your feet up? Well, good news: research suggests that leaving thehousework for another day could give your health a boost! Research results published in theJournal of Family Psychology revealed that doing housework when you get home from workprevents levels of cortisol (the stress hormone) from lowering and reduces recovery fromstress. However, stress levels for both men and women were lowered by housework beingcompleted – just so long as they weren’t the ones doing it. Look after your health by takingturns to do the housework with other members of your household if possible, and take timeout to relax afterwards.
想找个理由不做家务?那有好消息了：研究显示，人们把 家务活 留到第二天做，身体会更棒!《家庭心理学》刊登了这篇研究报告，报告结果显示，当你下班回家后做家务活，皮质醇(压力荷尔蒙)的释放会被抑制。皮质醇能降低压力，还能缩短受压后的恢复时间。但是当家务被完成后，男性和女性的压力水平都会降低——只要做家务的不仅仅只有他或她。可以的话，你可以和家人分担家务，这样能让自己保持健康，还有家务过后记得要抽时间休息啊。
Everyday health hazard 4: Using cash machines
日常健康危害之4：使用自动提款机
Withdrawing money from ATM machines is a common habit for most of us. However,cleanliness tests in Britain have revealed that cash machines are just as dirty as public toilets,and many of us are failing to wash our hands after using them. Experts assessed swabs fromthe key pads on cash machines and also from nearby public toilets and found that they bothcontained the same types of bacteria known to cause sickness. To look after your health, usean antibacterialhand gel once you have made your withdrawaland after handling money.
从自动提款机中提起现金是大多数人的日常习惯。然而一项英国的洁净测试显示，提款机和公厕一样脏，而且，大多数人在使用后都不会去洗手。专家们在自动提款机的键盘和附近的公厕中提取了样品，发现两者均含有同样致病菌。为了您的健康，请在提款和处理钱款后使用抗菌洗手液清洗。
Everyday health hazard 5: Cancelling plans
日常健康危害之5：取消计划
Find yourself frequently cancelling plans and bailing out on social events to have a bit oftime to yourself? Then it may be time to pay some attention to your social life. While a bit of‘me time’ is essential to good mental and physical health, too much time on your own canactually be bad for you. Research suggests that having strong social bonds promotes brainhealth, reduces feelings of depression and stress and encourages you to look after yourhealth. In fact, a study found that having few friends affects your longevityas much as smoking15 cigarettes a day.
发现自己频繁取消计划，还想摆脱社交活动，只为挤出属于自己的空闲时间?那么现在是时候在自己的社交生活中多多用心。拥有少量属于自己的时间，对于精神和身体方面是非常有益处的，但是太多属于自己的时间，反而有可能会害了你。研究显示，较强的社交联系有益于大脑的健康，同时能避免抑郁、降低压力，还能鼓励自己多关注自身的健康。事实上一项研究发现，没有朋友也会减少你的寿命，效果相当于1天抽15根烟。
医学科普文章英文版3
睡前玩iPad会影响睡眠质量
Using tablet computers like Apple’s iPad and Samsung’s Galaxy Note just before bed can lead toa poor night’s sleep, according to research.
More and more people are taking their tablets to bed with them to surf the web, checkFacebook or email before switching off the light.
But researchers are warning that the blueish light their screens emit can stop users getting agood night’s sleep.
That is because this type of light mimics daylight, convincing the brain that it is still daytime.
Blue light suppresses production of a brain chemical called melatonin, which helps us fall sleep.This is because our brains have evolved to be wakeful during daylight hours.
By contrast, light which is more orange or red in tone does not suppress melatoninproduction, perhaps because our brains recognize it as a cue that the day is ending.
Neurologists have known for years that staring at screens late in the evening can disrupt sleep- be they television screens, computer screens or mobile phone screens.
However, because mobiles and tablets are by nature portable - not to say addictive - morepeople are taking them into the bedroom.
Users also tend to hold them much closer to their eyes than a computer or television screen.
Researchers at the Lighting Research Centre, at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in NewYork, are warning that looking at tablet displays for more than two hours “leads to asuppression of our natural melatonin levels as the devices emit optical radiation at shortwavelengths” - in other words, they emit bluer light.
They say: “Although turning off devices at night is the ultimate solution, it is recommendedthat if these devices are used at night displays are dimmed as much as possible and that thetime spent on them before bed should be limited.”
They drew their conclusions after measuring melatonin levels in 13 volunteers, after they hadspent time viewing iPads at full brightness at a distance of 10 inches, for two hours.
Melatonin levels were significantly lower after they had done this, than they were after thevolunteers had viewed their iPads for the same time, but while wearing orange glass goggles,which cut out the blue light.
They wrote in the journal Applied Ergonomics that tablet makers could "tune the spectral powerdistribution of self-luminous devices" so that they disrupted the sleep patterns of users less.
It is not just a good night’s sleep that could be jeopardized by too much late night screentime.
Researchers know that persistent disruption to sleep patterns can lead to an increased risk ofobesity, and even breast cancer.
However, these studies tend to be comparisons of those with chronic sleep disruption, suchas long term shift workers, with those who have normal sleep patterns.
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