英语音标规则18个

英语音标拼读规则：

一、元音：

1、/i:/ 舌抵下齿，双唇扁平作微笑状，发“一”之长音。 是字母ea、ee、ey、ie、或ei在单词中的发音，此音是长元音，一定注意把音发足。

2、/ɪ/ 舌抵下齿，双唇扁平分开，牙床近于全舌，发短促之“一”音。 是字母i或y在单词中的发音，发此音要短促而轻快。

3、/æ/ 双唇扁平，舌前微升，舌尖抵住下龈，牙床开，软鄂升起，唇自然开放。 是字母a在闭音节或重读闭音节中的发音。

4、/e/ 舌近硬腭，舌尖顶下齿，牙床半开半合，作微笑状。 是字母e或ea在单词中的发音。

5、/з:/ 舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之长音。 是字母er、ir、or或ur在单词中的发音。

6、/ə/ 舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之短音。 是字母a、o、u、e、or、er或ur在单词中的发音。

7、/ɑ:/ 双唇张而不圆，牙床大开，舌后微升，舌尖向后升缩微离下齿，发阿之长音。 是字母er在闭音节或重读闭音节中的发音也是字母a在以st结尾的单词中的读音。

8、/ʌ/ 双唇平放，牙床半开，舌尖抵住下龈，舌后微微升起，发短促之“阿”音 是字母o或u在单词中的发音。

9、/ɔ:/ 双唇界于开闭、圆唇之间，牙床半开渐至全开，舌尖卷上再过渡为卷后。 是字母o、al、or、oar、our或oor在单词中的发音。

10、/ɒ/ 双唇稍微向外突出圆形，舌后升起，舌尖不触下齿，发“奥”音 是字母o在单词中的发音。

11、/u:/ 双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发 “屋”之长音。 是字母oo或ou在单词中的发音。

12、/ʊ/ 双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发短促之“屋”音。 是字母u、oo或ou在单词中的发音。

13、/aɪ/ 将口张开略圆，舌后升起，舌尖向后收缩，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“一”音。 是字母i或y在单词中的读音。

14、/eɪ/ 舌类顶下齿，牙床半开半合，双唇扁平，由发“哀”平稳过渡到发“一”之长音。 是字母a在开音节中的读音。

15、/aʊ/ 将口张开略圆，渐渐合拢，双唇成圆形，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“屋”音。 是字母ou和ow在单词中的发音。

16、/əʊ/ 口半开半合，舌后微升，过渡成双唇成圆形，发“欧”之长音。 是字母o、oa和oe在单词中的发音。

17、/ɪə/ 双唇张开岈床由窄至半开舌抵下齿逐渐过渡至上卷，从“一”音过渡到“厄”音。 是字母ear、ere、ea、eer在单词中的读音。

18、/eə/ 双唇张开后略圆，牙床张开相当宽，舌尖卷上渐至卷后。 是字母ear、are、air在单词中的读音。

19、/ʊə/ 双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，发“屋”之长音，然后从“屋”音过渡到“厄”音。 是字母our、oor、ure、eer在单词中的读音。

20、/ɔɪ/ 双唇外突成圆形，发“奥”音逐渐过渡为双唇扁平分开，发“一”之短音。 是字母oy和oi在单词中的读音。

二、辅音：

1、/p/ 双唇紧闭并使气流突破双唇外泻。

2、/b/ 双唇紧闭并使气流突破双唇外泻且振动声带。

3、/t/ 双唇微开，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，然后突然张开，使气流外冲而成音。

4、/d/ 双唇微开，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，然后突然张开，使气流外冲而成音，并振动声带。

5、/k/ 用舌根抵住后颚，再突然张开，使空气外冲而成音。

6、/g/ 用舌根抵住后颚，再突然张开，使空气外冲而成音，振动声带。

7、/s/ 双唇微开，上下齿接近于合拢状态，舌尖抵住下龈，气流从牙缝送出。

8、/z/ 发音同/s/，须振动声带。

9、/f/ 上齿轻触下唇，用力将气息由唇齿之缝隙间吹出。

10、/v/ 上齿轻触下唇，用力将气息由唇齿之缝隙间吹出，须振动声带。

11、/ʍ/ 双唇突出，呈尖圆形，舌后升向软颚，气息流过，相当于/hw/。

12、/w/ 双唇突出，呈尖圆形，舌后升向软颚，气息流过，振动声带。

13、/∫/ 双唇微开，向前突出，舌尖升近上龈，用力将气息送出来，发“师”音。

14、/ʒ/ 双唇微开，向前突出，舌尖升近上龈，用力将气息送出来，须振动声带。

15、/h/ 口半闭，气息由声门出来，但是不振动声带。

16、/j/ 双唇微开，舌抵下齿贴近硬颚，气流摩擦而出。

17、/l/ 双唇微开，舌抵上龈，气流侧出，振动声带。

18、/r/ 唇形稍圆，舌身略凹，舌尖上卷，振动声带。

19、/m/ 双唇闭拢，舌放平，振动声带，使气流从鼻腔出来。

20、/n/ 双唇微闭，舌尖抵住上龈，振动声带，使气流从鼻腔出来。

21、/ŋ/ 双唇微闭，舌尖抵住下龈，振动声带，使气息由鼻孔流出来。

22、/θ/ 上下齿咬舌尖，送出气流，并使舌齿互相摩擦。

23、/ð/ 上下齿咬舌尖，再送出气流，但须振动声带，并使舌齿互相摩擦。

24、/t∫/ 双唇微开，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，突然张开，使气流外冲而成音，发“吃”音。

25、/dʒ/ 双唇微开，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，突然张开，使气流外冲而成音，并振动声，发“之”音。

26、/ts/ 舌尖抵住上齿，作好发“t”的姿势，气流冲破阻碍，发出短促的“t”音后，紧接着就发“s”这摩擦音。

27、/dz/ 舌尖抵住上齿，作好发“d”的姿势，气流冲破阻碍，发出短促的“d”音后，紧接着就发“z”这摩擦音。

28、/tr/ 舌尖抵住上齿，作好发“t”的姿势，气流冲破阻碍，发出短促的“t”音后，紧接着就发“r”这摩擦音。

29、/dr/ 舌尖抵住上齿，作好发“d”的姿势，气流冲破阻碍，发出短促的“d”音后，紧接着就发“r”这摩擦音。

1 元音: 1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please he she me piece receive ceiling 2) [i] 发音字母 i y e sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3) [] 发音字母 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear ur or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world 6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen famulus Saturday 7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) [] 发音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood 9) []字母组合 al or au our ar small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 10) [] 发音字母 o a hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash 11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full 12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou u o look good foot book should could put full bull pull push women whose 13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey 14) [ai] 发音字母 i y bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye 15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town 16) [εu] 发音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal 17) [] 字母组合oy oi boy toy joy oil soil voice choice 18) [iε] 字母组合 eer beer deer ear idea near here fierce 19) [] 字母组合ear air pear bear chair air fair care there where 20) [uε] hour tour poor flower shower 2 容易混淆的元音 [A] [e] bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said [i：] [ei] real rail greet great mean main read raid [e] [ai] bet bite red write said side head hide [aU] [R：] house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn [aU] [Q] found fond down done gown gone town ton 3辅音 1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push 2) [b] book big boot bike bread break 3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city 4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary 5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k) card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c) fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x) school schedule schema (字母组合ch) 6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language 7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb 8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning evening 10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul 11) [r] read red right run room write 12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13) [v] very evening even every voice vest of 14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s) license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c) licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce) 15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16) [W] think thank three thirty tooth mouth 17) [T] that this those these though 18) [F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention station social special sure 19) [V] pleasure 20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who 21) [w] when what where window wind wood 22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow 23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach 24) [dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk 25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk 26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink 27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts 28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods 4容易混淆的辅音 [v] [w] vest west vet wet vine wine very well [s] [W] sink think mass math miss myth sort sought [z] [T] close cloth breeze breathe [n] [N] thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing 添加一点: 9) []字母组合 al or au our ar aw small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter draw saw flaw 23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母组合ch） catch watch match （字母组合tch) 5 字母，组合音节发音规律 1）a [ei] [æ] [[] [a:] [R] late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema fast last glass class past father wash what watch want 2）e [i:] [e] [i] [[] 不发音 appreciate extremely secret she me he letter left message generate pebble decide pretty previous result restore problem prosperous student confident active table late wife store lecture 3）i [ai] [i] high price library ice cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit 4）o [[J] [J:] [Q] [[] [R] lode host cold note okay old home lose do who whose prove love some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office soft honest 5）u [ju] [u] [Q] [[] university refuse unique universe huge put push pull full bull but brush bucket duck bubble support suggest 6）c [k] [s] country camp camera courage cable city ceiling celebrate cell cease 7）g [g] [dV] [N] girl grade glass glade bag flag village vegetable bridge gentleman gym long song sing morning evening 8) l [l] 读音不同 listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal 9) n [n] [N] moon night noodle number uncle hungry angry young 10) r [r] [[](美语发音) right read write grade progress card board door floor form north 11）y [j] [i] [ai] yellow year yell young yolk university country pretty happy dyke dying fly buy by my 12）ar [a:] [[] [R:] farm card garden mark dollar warm quarrel quarter 13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i[] cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather great break idea realize 14) ear [[:] [i[] learn earth earn heard hear near clear ear fear 15) er [[:] [[] [i[] deserve serve her person teacher driver anger singer serious experience mysterious fierce 16） ere [i[] [Z[] here mere fere sere there 17) ir [[:] [ai] shirt girl skirt admire desire 18) oo [u:] [u] [Q] [R:] room tool cool moon noon goof food good foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flood door floor 19) or [ R:] [[:] [[] short form corn born for work world worm word worst tractor doctor actor sector senior senator 20) oor [ R:] [J[] door floor moor poor boor 21) our [J[] [R:] hour tour flour bourn lour pour court four mourn 22) ou [au] [Q] [[] house mouth mouse sound found enough trouble touch delicious gracious prosperous 23) ow [[J] [au] window meadow know show low now town how down cow 24) se [z] [s] nose suppose gose lose pose rose mouse house 25) th [W] [T] thank think thought cloth clothes that this then than 26) sion [F[n] [V[n] propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television 27) tion [F[n] [ tF[n](不常见) station nation translation attention question 6关于语音的几个概念: Phonics 是一种(方法), 是教育学习者从字母排列中去拼读出单个字来. AHD表示美语发音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（简称AHD） KK音标是一套(注音符号系统),是由John Samuel Kenyon 和 John Albert Knott两位美国学者共同编著的发音词典A Pronouncing Dictionary of American1956中用于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。 DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的标音而来. 英式读音根据的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英语正音辞典》。它们代表了被称为“Received Pronuciation”（RP）（标准读音）的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。 1888年国际语音协会 (International Phonetic Association) 的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号 (IPA—International Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。 国内的英文字典里最常见的音标为英式发音的国际音标 (DJ) 和美式发音的KK音标，前者乃根据Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)，后者则是根据John S. Kenyon & Thomas A. Knott二氏的美语发音字典 (A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English, 1956)。值得一提的是，KK音标所使用的符号均从前面提到的国际音标符号 (IPA) 而来，Kenyon & Knott二氏仅将其中适用于美式英语的符号截取出来。 音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素. 音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位. 元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音. 辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音. 开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2)辅音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello 闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+辅音 it is of in on up out ant 祝你成功！！哈哈

英语音标的发间规则1．开音节 1）以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。 例：be，he。 2）以辅音字母（r 除外）+不发音的e结尾的音节。 例：make，like。 * 在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。2．闭音节 以一个或几个辅音字母（r 除外）结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节， 称为闭音节。例：map，desk，is。 * 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。 字母a，e，i，o，u 在重读音节中的读法1 元音: 1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please he she me piece receive ceiling 2) [i] 发音字母 i y e sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3) [æ] 发音字母 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 5) [ə:] 字母组合ir ur ear ur or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world 6) [ə] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen famulus Saturday 7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) [ʌ] 发音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood 9) [ɔ:]字母组合 al or au our ar small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 10) [ɔ] 发音字母 o a hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash 11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full 12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou u o look good foot book should could put full bull pull push women whose 13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey 14) [ai] 发音字母 i y bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye 15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town 16) [əu] 发音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal 17) [ɔi] 字母组合oy oi boy toy joy oil soil voice choice 18) [iə] 字母组合 eer beer deer ear idea near here fierce 19) [ɛə] 字母组合ear air pear bear chair air fair care there where 20) [uə] hour tour poor flower shower 2 容易混淆的元音 [æ] [e] bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said [i：] [ei] real rail greet great mean main read raid [e] [ai] bet bite red write said side head hide [au] [ɔ:] house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn [aU] [ɔ] found fond down done gown gone town ton 3辅音 1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push 2) [b] book big boot bike bread break 3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city 4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary 5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k) card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c) fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x) school schedule schema (字母组合ch) 6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language 7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb 8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9) [ŋ] uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning evening 10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul 11) [r] read red right run room write 12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13) [v] very evening even every voice vest 14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s) license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c) licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce) 15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16) [θ] think thank three thirty tooth mouth 17) [ð] that this those these though 18) [ʃ] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention station social special sure 19) [l] pleasure 20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who 21) [w] when what where window wind wood 22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow 23) [tʃ] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach 24) [dʒ] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk 25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk 26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink 27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts 28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods 4容易混淆的辅音 [v] [w] vest west vet wet vine wine very well [s] [θ] sink think mass math miss myth sort sought [z] [θ] close cloth breeze breathe [n] [ŋ] thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing 添加一点: 9) [ɔ:]字母组合 al or au our ar aw small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter draw saw flaw 23) [tʃ] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母组合ch） catch watch match （字母组合tch) 5 字母，组合音节发音规律 1）a [ei] [æ] [ə] [a:] [ɔ] late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema fast last glass class past father wash what watch want 2）e [i:] [e] [i] [不发音] appreciate extremely secret she me he letter left message generate pebble decide pretty previous result restore problem prosperous student confident active table late wife store lecture 3）i [ai] [i] high price library ice cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit 4）o [əu] [u:] [ʌ] [ə] [ɔ] host cold note okay old home lose do who whose prove love some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office soft honest 5）u [ju] [u] [ʌ] [ə] university refuse unique universe huge put push pull full bull but brush bucket duck bubble support suggest 6）c [k] [s] country camp camera courage cable city ceiling celebrate cell cease 7）g [g] [dʒ] [ŋ] girl grade glass glade bag flag village vegetable bridge gentleman gym long song sing morning evening 8) l [l] 读音不同 listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal 9) n [n] [ŋ] moon night noodle number uncle hungry angry young 10) r [r] right read write grade progress 11）y [j] [i] [ai] yellow year yell young yolk university country pretty happy dyke dying fly buy by my 12）ar [a:] [ə] [ɔ:] farm card garden mark dollar warm quarrel quarter 13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i[] cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather great break idea realize 14) ear [ə:] [iə] learn earth earn heard hear near clear ear fear 15) er [ə:] [ə] [iə] deserve serve her person teacher driver anger singer serious experience mysterious fierce 16） ere [iə] [ɛə] here mere fere sere there 17) ir [ə:] [ai] shirt girl skirt admire desire 18) oo [u:] [u] [ʌ] [ɔ:] room tool cool moon noon goof food good foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flood door floor 19) or [ɔ:] [wə:] [ə] short form corn born for work world worm word worst tractor doctor actor sector senior senator 20) oor [ɔ:] [uə] door floor moor poor boor 21) our [uə] [ɔ:] hour tour flour bourn lour pour court four mourn 22) ou [au] [ʌ] [ə] house mouth mouse sound found enough trouble touch delicious gracious prosperous 23) ow [əu] [au] window meadow know show low now town how down cow 24) se [z] [s] nose suppose gose lose pose rose mouse house 25) th [θ] [ð] thank think thought cloth clothes that this then than 26) sion [ʃən] [ʒən] propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television 27) tion [ʃən] [tʃən](不常见) station nation translation attention question 6关于语音的几个概念: Phonics 是一种(方法), 是教育学习者从字母排列中去拼读出单个字来. AHD表示美语发音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（简称AHD） KK音标是一套(注音符号系统),是由John Samuel Kenyon 和 John Albert Knott两位美国学者共同编著的发音词典A Pronouncing Dictionary of American1956中用于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。 DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的标音而来. 英式读音根据的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英语正音辞典》。它们代表了被称为“Received Pronuciation”（RP）（标准读音）的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。 1888年国际语音协会 (International Phonetic Association) 的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号 (IPA—International Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。 国内的英文字典里最常见的音标为英式发音的国际音标 (DJ) 和美式发音的KK音标，前者乃根据Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)，后者则是根据John S. Kenyon & Thomas A. Knott二氏的美语发音字典 (A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English, 1956)。值得一提的是，KK音标所使用的符号均从前面提到的国际音标符号 (IPA) 而来，Kenyon & Knott二氏仅将其中适用于美式英语的符号截取出来。 音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素. 音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位. 元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音. 辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音. 开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2)辅音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello 闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+辅音 it is of in on up out ant