嫣雨飘零
Are the sun and the solar system to the sun as the center, dominated by its gravity and the objects around it sports posed by the system . Members include the sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, Ming Wang, more than 2000 asteroids 34 satellites, as well as a lot of comets and meteoroids. The sun (Sun) The center of the solar system objects. Are a star. Contains nearly 98% of the solar system quality. With the Earth's average Distance of 149,600,000 kilometers diameter 1,390,000 kilometers, to the Earth 109 times the volume of the Earth's 1.3 million times, Ping Are the density of 1.4 grams / cubic centimeter. Surface temperature of about 6000 degrees Celsius, the center temperature of 15 million degrees Celsius. By Nuclear fission of hydrogen nuclei into helium thermonuclear reaction a large amount of energy. The naked eye we see the surface layer called the "light ball" , Light balls above a layer called the "chromosphere", the most outer layer called the "corona", which formed the sun's atmosphere. Too Yang's rotation period is 25 days, the bipolar area is about 35 days, the sun on the most abundant chemical element hydrogen. The sun's activity stems from its central part. The sun's core pressure of more than 34 billion times the Earth. Here at hair Health of nuclear fusion. Fusion led to the four proton or a hydrogen atom or helium nuclei阿尔法粒子. Al Law on the quality of particles smaller than 0.7 percent to four protons, the quality of the remaining energy is transformed into the sun and was released to the table Noodles, and through the process of emitting light and heat convection. Solar core, through millions of years of energy required to reach Its surface. Per second have been 700 million tons of hydrogen into helium. In the process, there are about five million tons of net energy Volume was released, so the sun can make light-emitting. Photosphere are the chromosphere above. Amount of solar power through the region from the center outward transfer. This layer can be seen too Yang flares. Flares sunspots are formed before the chromosphere the hydrogen generated by hot clouds. Photosphere at some Region, a slightly lower temperature than the surrounding (usually 4000 degrees Celsius), this is the sunspot. The sun's outer atmosphere called the corona. Date the region has bait. Date baits are the upper chromosphere at the enormous Flame. The most coronal extension of outer space-oriented and radiation generated by the particles from the sun. Coronal only have the whole day Can be seen when fresh. The sun's age of about 46 million years, it can continue to burn about 50 million years. At the final stage of its existence, too Yang will be in the helium into heavy elements, the sun will also be the beginning of the volume continues to expand, until the Earth swallowed. At 一亿年After the red giant stage, the sun will suddenly collapse into a white dwarf - all stars of the existence The final stage. Go through several万亿年, it will eventually completely cooled. Mercury (Mercury) Ancient China, also known as "辰星." The sun, one of the nine planets. From the sun recently. With solar distance 0.39 Astronomical units, that is 57.91 million kilometers in diameter for 38% of the Earth, mass of the Earth's 5.5%, density of water 5.4 times larger orbit eccentricity, 0.21. Revolution period of 88 days, the rotation period of 59 days. For The sun side of the temperature of 400 degrees Celsius, while the sun back to -160 degrees Celsius, Mercury has many craters on And has a strong magnetic field, the surface strength of 1% of the Earth. Shell by the porous soil, or similar surface soil of the moon rock Composed of stone powder. Mercury is even lower than Jupiter's satellite Ganymede (Ganymede) and Saturn's satellite Titan (soil Titan) is also small. Mercury surface similar to the lunar surface. Meteorite dust covered the ups and downs撞成hills, a few kilometers of the fault cliff high Stretching hundreds of kilometers, large and small craters are everywhere. Looks at the sun than the Earth on large two and a half times. Because of not enough air to scatter sunlight, the sky is usually dark. If you look up to the sky, he also Xu will find two bright stars: a bright yellow are the Venus, the other one is blue earth. On observations from the Earth, Mercury and the sun angle of the largest only 28 degrees at dawn or during the day it appeared in the sky , So its observation very difficult. In the "sailors" on the 10th visit the Mercury before the awareness of Mercury are Very small. Because of its revolution and rotation of the relationship between the more complex, if the sun to rise from the sun for a Down Units to calculate, on the day of Mercury will be the day the Earth 176. Mercury appears that it can not exist on the water, its atmosphere is very small, and very high temperatures during the day. However, in 1991 Mercury at the Arctic scientists found an unusual bright spot. Highlights the possible cause of this are at the surface Or underground ice. Because the orbit of Mercury is rather special, at its North Pole, the sun is always on the horizon only irresolute Further. At some of the internal crater may never see the sun because of the temperature dropped to -161 degrees Celsius . Such a low temperature is likely to solidification from the planetary internal release of gas, or accumulation of ice from space . Mercury atmospheric pitiful, its main components for helium (42%), Sodium vapor (42%) and oxygen (15%), and its The average surface temperature of 179 degrees Celsius, up to 427 degrees Celsius, a minimum of -173 degrees Celsius. Venus (Venus) Ancient China, also known as "Venus", "Chang", "Taibai", "star" and so on, the nine planets of the solar system 1. According to the order from the sun for the second. With an average distance of the sun 0.72 astronomical units, 108,210,000 Km. Size and the Earth is similar to the diameter of the Earth smaller than 5%, quality 82% of the Earth, the density of water, 5 .2 Times the revolution period of 225 days, the rotation period is 243 days, the rotation direction and the other planets the contrary, the surface cover Covered a very thick atmosphere, the most carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapor low surface temperature as high as 480 degrees Celsius About. Venus surface of the magnetic field only one-thousandth of the Earth also has an ionosphere. Separately in the morning because of Venus Morning and evening in the sky, the ancient astrologers have been think there are two such planets, then sub - Do not be referred to as the "Morningstar" and "evening." In English, Venus - "Venus" (Venus) is an ancient Romanian Horse of the god of love and beauty. It has always been curly clouds shrouded in mystery at. Because of Venus and the Earth in size, mass, density and weight on very similar, and almost all of Venus and the Earth Formed simultaneously by the same nebula, astrologers will have them as sister planets. But recently scientists have discovered , Venus and the Earth in fact very different. Venus has no oceans, it has been the main ingredients for a thick oxide Carbon in the atmosphere surrounded by water does not. Its cloud is composed of sulfuric acid droplets. At the surface, it Equivalent to atmospheric pressure at sea level on the Earth 92 times. Because of Venus's thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide caused by "greenhouse effect", Venus surface temperature up to 482 photo S degrees. Sunlight through the atmosphere will be hot roast Venus surface. Surface outward radiation of heat at the process by Atmospheric barrier, can not be distributed into outer space. This makes Venus than in Mercury also hot. Random surface of Venus is covered with many small craters. Because of Venus's thick atmosphere, a diameter less than 2 kilometers Crater is almost impossible to retain it. And when a large meteorite in a small pit formed before the meteorite hit the surface of Venus, and its production Health and debris at the surface of the crater produced exceptional group. Volcanoes and volcanic activity of a lot of the surface of Venus. To Less 85% of Venus surface covered with volcanic rocks. Many lava flows hundreds of kilometers, fill the lowland, forming a broad Wide plains. In addition to hundreds of large volcanoes, more than 100,000 small crater Block embellishment at the surface of Venus. From fire Mountain emitted lava flows resulted in a long trench, ranging up to hundreds of kilometers, one of a range of ultra - Over 7000 kilometers. The topography of Venus is covered with vast lava plains and mountains of geological activities undermine or plateau. At Maxwell Hill Ishtar region are the highest mountain on Venus. Aphrodite highland region occupies almost Half of the equatorial regions. Magellan plans to obtain more than 2.5 kilometers of Venus images show the existence of the plateau zone prescribed Bright soil moist. However, in the Venus surface, liquid water are unlikely to exist, and could not explain the bright plateau Reasons. There was a presumption that these bright regions may be due to metal compounds. Studies have shown that this Some metals may be iron sulfide. It can not exist in the plain areas, but at high altitude is possible. These payments May also be an alien, and it led to the effect is the same, but the concentrations are lower. The Earth (Earth) The nine planets of the solar system, according to the order from the sun for the third stars, with the sun's average distance of about 14,960 10,000 kilometers, the volume of around 1,083,200,000,000 cubic kilometers for the equatorial radius is about 6378 kilometers, the radius is extremely 6,3 57 kilometers, a difference of 21 kilometers. The average water density is 5.5 times the revolution period is 365.25 days, the rotation cycle 2 3:56. Revolution of the Earth orbit is an ellipse with the Earth equatorial plane into 23 degrees 26 minutes angle. So generated The length of the seasons and day and night. Surface has a solid crust. An area of 51,100 km, one of the total marine table Area of 71%, land is about 29%, surrounded by the atmosphere, nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and other gas components. Earth Has a satellite - the moon. Used to distinguish the characteristics of the Earth are on a black background and blue water, brown and green Land and the large white cloud. We are the Earth's atmosphere is 78 percent nitrogen, 21% are oxygen, the remaining 1 percent are other ingredients. Flat surface of the Earth Both the temperature is 15 degrees Celsius, the mean pressure of 101.3 Pa. The Earth are the only known solar system planets existence of life. Express our planet's rotation and nickel iron lava nuclear Heart to generate a vast magnetic field, together with the atmosphere to prevent almost all from the sun and other stars Harmful rays. The Earth's atmosphere for us to block a lot of meteorites, meteorite much at their arrival and before the Had been burned. Since the beginning of human space exploration, our own planet there is a greater awareness. The first man-made human beings to Ball satellite discovered a strong radiation zone, now called the Van Allen radiation belts. The causes are from Sports Express in the charged particles in the equatorial region of a circular region to capture the Earth's magnetic field. Earth's magnetic field By the solar wind into a droplet-shaped twist of this phenomenon is also found by satellite. We also found that once we identified Is very calm for the upper atmosphere, they are very active, and it during the day and evening to narrow expansion. Live by the sun Dynamic effects of the Earth's upper atmosphere to affect weather and climate. Apart from the impact of the Earth's climate, the sun's activities are also our atmosphere for the brilliant performances. When the charged particle Son of the Earth's magnetic field has been captured, they are with our planet's pole impact air molecules so that these open air molecules Sending light, this is the "Aurora." Mars (Mars) Ancient China, also known as "荧惑," the nine planets of the solar system, according to the order from the sun for the fourth stars. And too Yang average distance 1.52 astronomical units, or 227,940,000 kilometers in diameter for 53% of the Earth, its size at Ranked seventh in the solar system. Quality for 11 percent of the Earth, the density of water is 3.9 times the revolution period of 687 days, Rotation cycle of 24 hours 37 minutes. Mars's equatorial plane and orbital plane 23 degrees 59 minutes into the corner, so on Mars also has Four Seasons, a quarterly basis and around six months long. Very thin atmosphere, mainly composed of carbon dioxide, the surface temperature at Chek Road during the day and the highest, at 28 degrees Celsius, down to -132 degrees Celsius at night, white极冠of the main components of water ice Also has a small amount of dry ice, the size of极冠changes with the seasons. Sometimes disappear in summer and winter increase. Surface Comparing the same as the Earth has rocks, volcanic and desert regions. On Mars because of the rock, sand and sky are red Color or pink, so the planet is often also referred to as the "red planet." The southern hemisphere of Mars are similar to the moon covered with craters of the ancient plateau, while the Northern Hemisphere, mostly organized by young plains Composition. Mars 24 kilometers high on the "Olympus" Mountains can be called the solar system are the highest mountains. Away from fire Stars around tens of thousands of kilometers, have two very small stars, which are the Martian satellites. In Chinese, the name is reminiscent of Mars to the "fire" and hot, but in fact, this red planet is Abnormal cold and dry. Nevertheless, Mars is still in the solar system and earth are the most similar to a planet. It Smaller than the size of the Earth, the atmosphere thinner than the Earth. A very thin atmosphere of Mars, the Earth's atmospheric pressure is only 7 thousandths. The main components of the atmosphere of Mars are dioxoketene CFCs, and other ingredients are nitrogen, argon, oxygen and so on. Mars atmospheric water at the proportion of only 0.03% . Thus abnormal drying the surface of Mars. Mars the average temperature of minus 55 degrees Celsius, while the larger temperature difference: In the summer, daytime temperatures up to Twenty degrees Celsius, while in winter the temperature can be as low as minus more than 100 degrees Celsius. Mars often have strong winds, And thus often leads to large-scale dust storms. Scientists have found that many areas on Mars have been signs of erosion, but it seems to criss-cross the riverbed Telling us that Mars once had liquid water, they gather into large and small lakes, and even marine . Scientists, it was explained that at the early formation of Mars, the planet by thick clouds of carbon dioxide The parcels, resulting in a powerful "greenhouse effect" by the solar radiation, heat the surface of Mars have been obstructing the clouds Separated, can not be distributed to the outer space, making temperatures rise, so that liquid water to exist. At that time, the warmth of the Martian Humid, you may have been bred to life. Mars has two poles at many solid-state carbon dioxide (dry ice), scientists have speculated that in these enormous ice Cover may exist below the water-solid. Jupiter (Jupiter) Ancient China, also known as "岁星," one of the solar system planets. According to the order from the sun for the Fifth stars. And too Yang average distance of 5.20 astronomical units, or 778,300,000 kilometers. Volume and quality than the other eight planets Combined, and the equatorial diameter of the Earth 11.18 times for the 142.8 thousand kilometers. The quality of the Earth's 317.89-fold , Density of water 1.3 times, public transfer cycle 11.86, the rotation cycle for the 9:50 is the fastest one rotation Stars, so the shape is very flat. Jupiter atmospheric shading shows staggered parallel to the equator of the cloud band, the temperature was about -12 1 degrees Celsius. Well-known Great Red Spot are embedded in the cloud band of clouds. Atmospheric thickness of about 730 kilometers. Atmospheric depths have Water vapor, but the total amount of less than hydrogen. There are acetylene, ethane and phosphine. Jupiter's magnetosphere has been a huge package Around with the Earth's magnetosphere similar to, but charged particles within the magnetosphere the energy of the radiation of the Earth is about one million times. Wood Stars than the Earth magnetic field strong 20-40 times, suggesting that Jupiter has its own energy. Jupiter has 13 satellites, consider someone There may be satellites fourteenth. There is a halo of Jupiter and Aurora
水之语城
身体健康是从物质意义对人的生活质量的理解。下面是我带来的 医学英语 科普 文章 ，欢迎阅读!
医学英语科普文章1
话说水果、蔬菜和疾病
Five-a-Day "No Benefit" 每日五份没效果
One of the most commonly-held beliefs regarding health and nutrition in the UK has beenfound to be untrue, according to a new scientific study.
For many years British people have been recommended to eat at least 'five-a-day' – that isfive items of fruit or vegetables every day in order to improve their health and reduce thelikelihood of illness, in particular cancer.
The recommendation was first put forward in 1990 by the World Health Organizationwhich said that the 'five-a-day' diet could prevent cancer and other chronic diseases.
Since then the advice has been a mainstay of public health policies in many developedcountries, such as the UK, where the population eat a high proportion of junk food.
Many health campaigns have promoted the advice, and indeed much food packaging inBritain states how the contents will constitute part of your five-a-day.
However, a study of 500,000 Europeans from 10 different countries refutes the commonly-believed suggestion that up to 50% of cancers could be prevented by increasing the public'sconsumption of fruit and vegetables.
Instead the study, which is led by researchers from a well-respected New York medicalschool, estimates that only 2.5% of cancers could be averted by eating more fruit and veg.
It seems that the key to avoiding cancers is to have an overall healthy lifestyle whichincludes not smoking or drinking a lot of alcohol, taking exercise and avoiding obesity.
But medical charities have spoken out to remind people that diet is an important factor instaying healthy, and that even a 2.5% reduction in cancers is still a positive step.
Cancer Research UK said: "It's still a good idea to eat your five-a-day but remember thatfruits and vegetables are pieces in a much larger lifestyle jigsaw."
医学英语科普文章2
致命的军团杆菌
legionnaires' disease is a serious and sometimes fatal form of pneumonia. legionnaires' disease is caused by infection with legionella bacteria which are found naturally in the environment and thrive in warm water and warm damp places. man-made water systems sometimes provide environments that let legionella bacteria increase to large numbers. these man-made systems include showers, spa pools, fountains, and air conditioning cooling towers. people usually get legionnaires' disease by breathing in mists that come from a water source contaminated with legionella bacteria.
an estimated 8,000 to 18,000 people get legionnaires' disease in the united states each year. some people can be infected with legionella bacteria and have mild symptoms or no illness at all. patients with legionnaires' disease usually have fever, chills, and a cough, which may be dry or may produce sputum. some patients also have muscle aches, headache, tiredness, loss of appetite, and, occasionally, diarrhea. from the time of infection with legionella bacteria, it takes 2-10 days for symptoms to appear. in most cases, symptoms begin after 5-6 days. legionnaires' disease is treated with antibiotics, such as erythromycin. the earlier that treatment is begun, the better the outcome.
the first known outbreak of legionnaires' disease was in philadelphia, usa, in 1976. a total of 221 people contracted the disease and 34 died. most of those that died were legionnaires and that's how the disease got its name. the second largest outbreak was at the stafford hospital in england in 1985; a total of 101 people contracted the disease and 28 died.
军团病是一种非常严重的、有时可以致命的肺炎。军团病是由军团杆菌引起，这种细菌产生在自然环境中，在温水里及潮热的地方蔓延。人工供水系统有时也能为军团杆菌的大量繁殖提供生存环境。这些系统包括淋浴器、矿泉池、喷泉以及空调设备的冷却水塔。人们通常是由于呼吸了被军团杆菌污染的水源散发的水雾而传染上军团病的。
据估计，在美国每年都有国每年都有8000~18000人感染上军团病。有些军团病感染者所表现出来的症状比较温和，甚至根本就没有得病的迹象。军团病患者通常有发烧、畏寒及干咳或咳痰等表现。部分患者还有肌肉疼痛、头痛、疲劳、食欲不振及偶尔腹泻等症状。这种病的潜伏期约为的潜天。许多病例表明，出现症状需要状需要5~6天的时间。军团病可以用红霉素等抗生素进行治疗，越早治疗效果越好。
军团病已知的首次爆发是在发是1976年美国费城，221人感染疾病，其中死亡34人。由于大多的死者都是军团成员，因此称为军团病。该病的第二次大爆发是1985年在英国的斯塔福德医院。这次101个被感染者中有28人死亡。
医学英语科普文章3
女性最佳生育年龄
For women who want to have children, planning the right time is a difficult decision. In recent years, many women have opted to put off having kids until their late 20s and well into their 30s — focusing on finishing school, building their careers, traveling, and maybe even paying down their student loans before taking the leap into parenthood. Statistics show that women are waiting longer and longer to have kids — the current average age of first-time moms is up to 26.3, up from 24.9 just 15 years ago.
对于想要孩子的女性来说，合适的时间是一个艰难的决定。近年来，很多女性选择在20岁末甚至30多岁才要孩子，主要原因是她们忙于完成学业、发展职业生涯、旅行、甚至选择在为人父母之前偿还助学贷款。数据表明，女性的生育年龄越来越晚——生第一胎的平均年龄从15年前的24.9岁上升到现在的是26.3岁。
The choice to have children is extremely personal and of course there’s no wrong answer when it comes to being ready to be a mom. But according to Dr. Gillian Lockwood, medical director at the Midland Fertility Clinic in the UK, there is an ideal age when our bodies are best suited to pregnancy. Can you guess what it is?
要孩子的选择是一个非常私人的话题，选择什么时候做母亲都没有错。但是英国米德兰生育诊所的医学主任Gillian Lockwood表示，我们的身体有一个最佳的生育年龄。你能猜到是多少岁吗?
I’ll give you a hint: it’s when many of us have a quarter-life crisis. Also: when it finally becomes affordable to rent a car.
提醒一下：最佳的生育年龄是在大多数人的“青年危机”时，也是我们终于能租得起车的时候。
Yep. According to Lockwood, the ideal age to get pregnant is 25.
Lockwood表示，是的，最佳的生育年龄是25岁。
Unfortunately, says Dr. Lockwood, it’s also the age when motherhood is low on many women’s list of priorities. She explained in the Evening Standard:
Lockwood医生说，不幸的是，对很多25岁的女性来说，成为母亲并不在她们的优先任务清单上面。Lockwood医生在《伦敦标准晚报》上解释说：
“Age 25 is exactly the time when today’s young women have left university, are trying to get off on a good career, trying to pay back their student loans, trying to find someone who wants to have babies with them and trying to get on the housing ladder.”
“25岁的当代年轻女性刚刚大学 毕业 ，事业起步，忙于偿还助学贷款，找男朋友，努力买房。”
Dr. Lockwood also had some harsh words about fertility treatments being marketed as a viable option to women over 40. “The bleak reality is that the chance of IVF working with your own eggs once you are 40 is absolutely abysmal,” she said. “Would we let, yet alone encourage, patients to pay for an elective operation with a less than five percent chance of working?” While that may be Dr. Lockwood’s opinion, plenty of wannabe parents may be happy to take those chances.
Lockwood医生还批判了向40多岁女性推销不孕疗法的行为。“事实很残酷，如果你超过了40岁，用卵子进行体外受精的成功几率非常低，”她说。“谁会允许甚至鼓励病人做成功几率低于5%的择期手术?”这是Lockwood医生的观点，但仍有很多想要孩子的父母很愿意抓住这些机会。
It’s worth reiterating that there are so many factors that inform the choice to have kids and only you can decide when — and IF — you want to become a mother. Whether you choose to have kids at 20, 30, 40, or beyond; biologically, through a surrogate, or via adoption, always listen to your own body and make the decision that makes sense for your own life. You know what’s right for you.
特别强调的是，很多因素会影响要孩子的时间，只有你自己可以决定是否想成为一位母亲。不管你是在20岁、30岁、40岁甚至更大的年龄要孩子，是自己生、代孕还是收养，你都要听从自己的身体，做出对生活有意义的选择。你知道什么是最适合自己的。
优质英语培训问答知识库
