英语时态表达式

1.一般现在时 一构成 ⑴ 如果句子中的谓语动词是 be→am∕is∕are ⑵ 如果句子中的谓语动词是v. ①S.三→V-s ② S.→V. 二用法 ⑴表示经常、反复发生的或习惯性的动作或状态。 I get up at 6. every day. ⑵表示主语的性格、特征和能力。 She sings well. ⑶表示客观事实和真理。 The sun rises in the east. ⑷表示按计划安排好的将来行为。 The film begins at 8 . ⑸引用书籍、报刊、杂志、介绍剧情、电影说明、舞台说明、图片解说、新闻解说词、新闻标题、以及体育赛事的解说。 ⑹某些以here, there开头的句子通常用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作或状态，这类句子通常发生倒装，但如果句子的主语是人称代词，句子则不倒装。 Here comes the bus. There they are . 2.现在进行时【No. 1】现在进行时的构成 现在进行时由"be+v-ing"构成。be应为助动词，初学者最容易漏掉，它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。 【No. 2】现在进行时的应用 在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况： (1)当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。如： They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。 (2)以look, listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如： Listen！She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。 (3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week, these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如： We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。 (4)描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如： Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。 【No. 3】现在进行时的变化 肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它. 否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它. 一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？ 对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。3.现在完成时 主语+have/has+done+sth.done为过去分词例如 I have been to Shanghai 我已经去过上海了 She has finished homework 她已经完成功课而后面说的是 hasn't/haven't是现在完成时的否定形式 意为 还没有……现在完成时要注意的就是过去分词 有特殊的也有有规律的 这些要去记 有个句形和现在完成时很像但不是 就是初三会重点学的被动语态 这里顺便说下 被动语态是 be+done+sth.4.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时(Present perfect continuous)基本表达式（I have been doing ）/（have/has + been +p.p.） I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth. he/ she/ it has been doing sth. （一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去） I have been learning English since three years. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去） （二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。 We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等) （三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。 They have been living in this city for ten years. They have lived in this city for ten years. 他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。 I have been working here for five years. I have worked here for five years. 我在这里已经工作五年了。 （四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。 I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去） 我一直在写一本书。 I have written a book.（动作已经完成） 我已经写了一本书。 They have been building a bridge. 他们一直在造一座桥。 They have built a bridge. 他们造了一座桥。 （五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。 I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了。 * I have been knowing... 这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌，等。5. 一般过去时一 构成⑴ be→was— ( am, is 的过去式 ) were— ( are 的过去式 )⑵ V. →V-ed ( 动词过去式 )二 用法⑴表示过去发生的动作或状态，通常会有明确的表示过去的时间状语。 I went to the zoo yesterday. I stayed up last night ..⑵叙述过去连续发生的动作或状态。 This morning , I got up early , went out for a walk , then came back and cooked for my family . ⑶表示过去某一段不确定的时间内发生的动作或状态。 He worked in the store for 5 years.⑷讲故事时用一般过去时，但描述故事发生的背景时用过去进行时。⑸ used to do sth. 过去常常(习惯)做某事 be used to doing sth 一直习惯做某事I used to get up early. 我过去常常早起.I am used to getting up early.我一直都习惯于早起.三 公式⑴be→was / were肯：S.+ was∕were+…否：S.+ wasn’t / weren’t +…肯疑：Was∕Were + S. +…? Yes, S.+ was∕were. No, S.+ wasn’t∕weren’t.否疑：Wasn’t∕Weren’t + S. +…? Yes, S. + was∕were. No, S.+ wasn’t∕weren’t.⑵V. →V-ed肯：S. + V-ed+…否：S. + did not (didn’t )+ V原+…肯疑：Did + S. + V原+…? Yes, S.+ did. No, S.+ didn’t.否疑：Didn’t + S. + V原+…? Yes, S.+ did. No, S.+ didn’t.6. 过去完成时过去完成时 had done 时间标志 by last year/by the time of 过去完成时一般和过去时一起出现 sb had done sth before sb did sb did sth after sb had done 用于hardly when, no sooner than的句式中 we had hardly came home when it rained. 用在“It was the first/second...time+that”句型中7.过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。句式：主语+was/were+动词ing+其他。种类:1.表示过去某一时间内（正在）进行的动作 如：I was doing my homeworks at 9 o'clock p.m. last Sunday. 2.表示一动作正在进行时，另一动作同时正在进行. 如：I was reading books while he was cleaning the floor. 3.表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生了 如：he played when I was studying. 4.表示过去将要发生的动作 She told us Mr.Lee was arriving here. 5.用于故事，以提供其时间背景 6.表示礼貌肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它 否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它 一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 答语：Yes,I was./No,I wasn't. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它 结构 1. was/were+Ving eg:My morther was cooking at 6:00p.m. yesterday.（直接表达） 2. 用while连接 eg:My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持续动作时态一致) 3. when表示 eg:I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(间接表达了具体时间)8.过去将来时一．过去将来时的构成：would+动词原形或was/ were going to+动词原形 如：The farmers didn’t know whether they would have a good harvest.农民们不知道他们是否会有一个好收成。Li Mei said that she was going to visit her grandma in the country the next Sunday.李梅说下星期天要去看望她乡下的祖母。二．过去将来时的用法：过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将来要看发生的动作或存在的状态。具体分为：1．主句为过去时，宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情。如： Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years. 没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。We didn’t know whether she was going to speak at the meeting. 我们不知道她是否准备在会上发言。2．在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生的事。如：It was a Saturday afternoon. A young man named George had just left school. He was going to start to work the following week, so he decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes.一个星期六的下午，一位名叫乔治的年轻人刚离开学校。因为他准备下周开始工作，所以，决定买些新衣服和一双新鞋子。三．过去将来时的其他表示法：1．在时间或条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看将来要发生的动作。如：They said that they were going to West Hill Farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday. 他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去西山农场。The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。2．go, come, leave, fly, drive, arrive, start等表示位置移动的动词常用过去进行时表示一个当时按计划或安排近期将要发生的动作。如：She didn’t say when she was coming again next time. 她没说下一次什么时候会再来。Jim decided they were flying to England next month. 吉姆决定他们下个月坐飞机去英国。

1 一般过去was/were done 2.一般现在is/are done3.一般将来 will be done4.一般过去将来would be done5.过去进行was/were being done6.现在进行is/are being done 7.将来进行will be being done8.过去将来进行would be being done9过去完成had been done10现在完成have/has been done11将来完成will have been done 12过去将来完成would have been done13过去完成进行had been being done 14现在完成进行have/has been being done 15将来完成进行will have been being done 16过去将来完成进行would have been being done 本想做成表格记起来更方便，但出来以后行列对不齐，看起来困难，所以成这样了，谅解！你可以自己根据以上列一个，横行是态（一般，进行，完成，完成进行）纵行是时（过去，现在，将来，过去将来）如下：（对不齐的参照上面）时态 一般 进行 完成 完成进行过去 was done was being done had been done had been being done现在 is done is being done has been done has been being done 将来 will be will be being will have been will have been being done done done done过去 would be would be being would have been would have been being将来 done done done done 注：其中was可用were换，has可用have换自己制的表格不齐全的请谅解

八种时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 (经常,反复,爱好,特点,条件,真理) do; does am;is;are done 一般过去时 (过去发生的事,不强调现在的结果) did; -ed was;were done 一般将来时 (将要发生的事) will do will be done 现在进行时 (现在正在发生的事) am;is;are doing am;is;are being done 过去进行时 (当时正在发生的事) was;were doing was;were being done 现在完成时 (过去发生的事,强调现在的结果) have;has done have;has been done 过去完成时 (过去完成的事；过去以前发生的事) had done had been done 过去将来时 (过去将要发生的事) would do would be done八种时态：• He is always ready to help others. 一般现在时• She often came to help us in those days.一般过去式• He is doing his homework now. 现在进行时• At that time she was doing her homework.过去进行时• I've written an article.现在完成时• By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 。过去完成时• It is going to rain.一般将来时• I asked who was going there. 过去将来时一般现在时1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 6.例句：. I am a student.——I am not a student.——Is she a student?He knows the answer of my question.He doesn’t know the answer of my question.Does he know the answer of my question?二、 一般过去时 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构：be动词；I was a student last year.行为动词 的过去式I finished my homework yesterday4.否定形式：was/were+not; I was not a student last year.在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。I didn’t finish my homework yesterday 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；Were you a student last year？用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。Didn’t they finish my homework yesterday? 三、 现在进行时 1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语：now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen 3.基本结构：be+doing He is doing his homework now. 4.否定形式：be+not+doing. He is not doing his homework now. 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。Is he doing his homework now.四、 过去进行时 1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 3.基本结构 s+was/were+doing When he knocked at the door, his mother was cooking. 4.否定形式：s+was/were + not + doing. When he knocked at the door, his mother was not cooking. 5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）Was his mother cooking, when he knocked at the door?五、现在完成时 1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构：have/has + done The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 这个农村在过去的几年里变化了很多 4.否定形式：have/has + not +done. The countryside has not changed a lot in the past few years. 5.一般疑问句：have或has。Has the countryside changed a lot in the past few years.六、 过去完成时 1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc. 3.基本结构：had + done. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books. 4.否定形式：had + not + done. By the end of last month. We had not reviewed four books. 5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。By the end of last month. Had we reviewed four books.基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句七、一般将来时 1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are+going to + do；will/shall + do. It is going to rain. They will finish work tomorrow.4.否定形式：am/is/are not going to do ；will/shall not do。 It is not going to rain. They will not finish work tomorrow. 5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 Is it going to rain? Will they finish work tomorrow?Yes, they will.No, they won’t.八、 过去将来时 1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc. 3.基本结构：was/were+going to + do；would/should + do. They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong. 4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. They told me that they would not go to work in Guangdong. 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。He said he was going there.Was he going there?

1.一般现在时态2.一般将来时态3.一般过去时态4.现在完成时5.过去完成时态6.过去进行时态7.现在进行时态8.未学至于用法需要你去书店查找了!