jessiedido
初中英语语法总结一览表 语法项目 构 成用 法象 征 词 规则变化 不规则to do没有人称和数的变化 作主语 To read is helpful for anybody now .
草菜一家
初中生要想学好英语一定要熟练的掌握英语语法知识点,接下来我给大家总结了初中英语重点语法的内容,希望对同学们学习有帮助。
1、第一种 主语+连系动词+表语 ( S+V+P)
The bike is new.
The map is on the wall.
2、第二种 主语+不及物动词 ( S+V)
He swims.
3、第三种 主语+及物动词+宾语 ( S+V+O)
Children often sing this song.
4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ( S+V+IO+DO)
She showed her friends all her pictures.
5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 ( S+V+O+C)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
1、主语
Betty likes her new bike.
He gets up early every day.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
2、谓语
We work hard.
The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother.
They all look fine.
3、表语
Her sister is a nurse.
It’s me. I’m ready.
He got angry.
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken.
4、宾语
Tom bought a story-book.
I saw him yesterday.
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
5、直接宾语和间接宾语
He gave me some ink.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
6、宾语补足语
Call her Xiao Li.
You must keep the room clean.
John asked me to help him.
7、定语
This is a green jeep.
This is an apple tree.
Are these students your classmates?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
I have something to tell you.
8、状语
You are quite right.
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.
He stopped to have a look.
1、名词
(1)名词的数
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,可数名词有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
①最常见的是在后面加s。例:boy-boys、girl-girls
②以s,x,sh,ch结尾加es。例:bus-buses、watch-watches
③以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i再加es。例:baby---babies、city-cities
④以y结尾的专有名词或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s。例:monkey---monkeys
⑤有些以f或fe结尾的,把f或fe变ve加s。例:leaf-leaves、shelf-shelves
2、代词
(1)人称代词:I我、you你、he他、she她、they他们
(2)指示代词:this这、that那、these这些、those那些
(3)反身代词:myself我自己、himself他自己、yourself你(们)自己
(4)疑问代词:who谁、what什么、which哪个
(5)不定代词:some一些,many许多、both两个、两个都、any许多
(6)关系代词:which……的物、who……的人、that……的人或物
(7)相互代词:each other 互相、one another互相
(8)连接代词:who,whom、whose、what、which、whatever
(9)替代词:one(单数)、ones(复数)
3、动词
(1)实义动词:说(say)、看(see)、走(walk)、听(listen)
(2)情态动词:能够(can)、会(can/will)、该/应该/应当(should)
(3)系动词:be、keep、rest、remain、stay
e元素789
初中英语语法点汇总如下:
一、介词by的用法
1、 意为“在……旁”,“靠近”。
Some are singing and dancing under a big tree。Some are drawing by the lake。
有的在大树下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。
2、意为“不迟于”,“到……时为止”。
Your son will be all right by supper time。
你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。
How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?
到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲?
3、表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。
The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing。
猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。
The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph。
孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。
4、表示“逐个”,“逐批”的意思。
One by one they went past the table in the dark。
他们一个一个地在黑暗中经过这张桌子。
5、表示“根据”,“按照”的意思。
What time is it by your watch?
你的表几点了?
6、和take , hold等动词连用,说明接触身体的某一部分。
I took him by the hand。
我拉住了他的手。
7、用于被动句中,表示行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。
English is spoken by many people。
英语被许多人说。(即“许多人讲英语。”)
二、动名词doing
动名词相当于名词,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
virgoleegoon
let sb to do sthask sb to do sth be back/in/out 2)be at home/work 3)be good at 4)be careful of 5)be covered with 6)be ready for 7)be surprised (at) 8)be interested in 9)be born 10)be on 11)be able to do sth. 12)be afraid of (to do sth. that…) 13)be angry with sb. 14)be pleased (with) 15)be famous for 16)be strict in (with) 17)be from 18)be hungry/thirsty/tired 19)be worried 20)be (well) worth doing 21)be covered with 22)be in (great) need of 23)be in trouble 24)be glad to do sth. 25)be late for 26)be made of (from) 27)be satisfied with 28)be free 29)be (ill) in bed 30)be busy doing (with) 1)come back 2)come down 3)come in 4)come on 5)come out 6)come out of 7)come up 8)come from do one's lessons/homework do more speaking/reading do one's best do some shopping (cooking, reading, cleaning) do a good deed (good deeds do morning exercises do eye exercises do well in get up get everything ready get ready for (=be ready for) get on (well) with get back get rid of get in 进入,收集 get on/off 上/下车 get to 到达 get there 到达那里 give sb. a call 给……打电话 give a talk 作报告 give a lecture (a piano concert)作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会) give back 归还,送回 give…some advice on 给……一些忠告 give lessons to 给……上课 give in 屈服 give up 放弃 give sb. a chance 给……一次机会 give a message to… 给……一个口信 go ahead 先走,向前走,去吧,干吧 go to the cinema 看电影 go to bed 睡觉(make the bed 整理床铺) go to school (college) 上学(上大学) go to hospital 去医院看病 go over 过一遍,复习 / go over to 朝……走去 go fishing/skating/swimming/shopping 去钩鱼/滑冰/游泳/买东西 44)go home (there) 回家去(去那儿) 45)go round 顺便去,绕道走 46)go up 上去 47)go out for a walk 外出散步 48)go on (doing) 继续(做……) 49)go on with one's work 继续某人的工作 50)go upstairs/downstairs 上/下楼 51)(the lights) go out (灯)熄了 52)have a lesson (lessons)/a meeting 上课/开会 53)have a football match (basketball match) 举行一场足球(蓝球)赛 54)have dictation 听见 55)have a try 试一试 56)have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴 57)have a lecture (a piano concert) 听讲座(听钢琴音乐会) 58)have a report (talk) on 听一个关于……的报告 59)have a glass of water (a cup of tea) 喝一杯水,(一杯茶) 60)have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭 61)have a meal (three meals) 吃一顿饭(三餐饭)
xiaoxiao765
1.你可以先参考一下下面的网址,是关于初中语法的书http://wenku.baidu.com/view/21a9972458fb770bf78a55e2.html2.这是常用动词词组 由be构成的词组 n 1)be back/in/out 回来/在家/外出 n 2)be at home/work 在家/上班 n 3)be good at 善于,擅长于 n 4)be careful of 当心,注意,仔细 n 5)be covered with 被……复盖 n 6)be ready for 为……作好准备 7)be surprised (at) 对……感到惊讶 8)be interested in 对……感到兴趣 9)be born 出生 10)be on 在进行,在上演, (灯)亮着 11)be able to do sth. 能够做…… 12)be afraid of (to do sth. that…) 害怕……(不敢做……,恐怕……) 13)be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气 14)be pleased (with) 对……感到高兴(满意) 15)be famous for 以……而著名 16)be strict in (with) (对工作、对人)严格要求 17)be from 来自……,什么地方人 18)be hungry/thirsty/tired 饿了/渴了/累了 19)be worried 担忧 20)be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做…… 21)be covered with 被……所覆盖…… 22)be in (great) need of (很)需要 23)be in trouble 处于困境中 24)be glad to do sth. 很高兴做…… 25)be late for ……迟到 26)be made of (from) 由……制成 27)be satisfied with 对……感到满意 28)be free 空闲的,有空 29)be (ill) in bed 卧病在床 30)be busy doing (with) 忙于做……(忙于……)(二)由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、look、put、set、send、take、turn、play等动词构成的词组 1)come back 回来 2)come down 下来 3)come in 进入,进来 4)come on 快,走吧,跟我来 5)come out出来 6)come out of 从……出来 7)come up 上来 8)come from 来自…… 9)do one's lessons/homework 做功课/回家作业 10)do more speaking/reading 多做口头练习/朗读 11)do one's best 尽力 12)do some shopping (cooking, reading, cleaning)买东西(做饭菜,读点书,大扫除) 13)do a good deed (good deeds)做一件好事(做好事) 14)do morning exercises 做早操 15)do eye exercises 做眼保健操 16)do well in 在……某方面干得好 17)get up 起身 18)get everything ready 把一切都准备好 19)get ready for (=be ready for) 为……作好准备 20)get on (well) with 与……相处(融洽) 21)get back 返回 22)get rid of 除掉,去除 23)get in 进入,收集 24)get on/off 上/下车 25)get to 到达 26)get there 到达那里 27)give sb. a call 给……打电话 28)give a talk 作报告 29)give a lecture (a piano concert)作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会) 30)give back 归还,送回 31)give…some advice on 给……一些忠告 32)give lessons to 给……上课 33)give in 屈服 34)give up 放弃 35)give sb. a chance 给……一次机会 36)give a message to… 给……一个口信 37)go ahead 先走,向前走,去吧,干吧 38)go to the cinema 看电影 39)go to bed 睡觉(make the bed 整理床铺) 40)go to school (college) 上学(上大学) 41)go to hospital 去医院看病 42)go over 过一遍,复习 / go over to 朝……走去 43)go fishing/skating/swimming/shopping 去钩鱼/滑冰/游泳/买东西 44)go home (there) 回家去(去那儿) 45)go round 顺便去,绕道走 46)go up 上去 47)go out for a walk 外出散步 48)go on (doing) 继续(做……) 49)go on with one's work 继续某人的工作 50)go upstairs/downstairs 上/下楼 51)(the lights) go out (灯)熄了 52)have a lesson (lessons)/a meeting 上课/开会 53)have a football match (basketball match) 举行一场足球(蓝球)赛 54)have dictation 听见 55)have a try 试一试 56)have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴 57)have a lecture (a piano concert) 听讲座(听钢琴音乐会) 58)have a report (talk) on 听一个关于……的报告 59)have a glass of water (a cup of tea) 喝一杯水,(一杯茶) 60)have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭 61)have a meal (three meals) 吃一顿饭(三餐饭) 62)have a dinner 吃正餐 63)have bread and milk for breakfast 早饭吃面包和牛奶 64)have (have got) a headache 头痛 65)have a fever 发烧 66)have a cough (a cold) 咳嗽(感冒) 67)have a look (at) 看一看…… 68)have a rest (a break) 休息一会儿(工间或课间休息) 69)have a talk 谈话 70)have a swim/walk 游泳/散步 71)have sports 进行体育锻炼 72)have a sports meet (meeting) 开运动会 73)have something done 让人(请人)做…… 74)have a test/an exam 测验/考试 75)have an idea 有了个主意 76)had better do sth. (not do sth.) 最好做……(最好不要做……) 77)have a word with 与……谈几句话 78)help sb. with sth. help sb. do sth. 在……方面帮助…… 帮助……做 79)help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 请随便吃点鸡/鱼/肉 80)help each other 互相帮助 81)keep up with 跟上……,不落后于…… 82)keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安静 83)keep sb. doing sth. 使……一直做…… 84)keep one's diary 记日记 85)make a noise (a lot of noise, much noise, noises)吵闹(十分嘈杂,响声) 86)make a living 谋生 87)make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做…… 88)make faces (a face)做鬼脸 89)make friends (with)与……交朋友 90)make a mistake (mistakes)犯错误 91)make room/space for 给……腾出地方 92)make a sentence (sentences)with 用……造句 93)make a fire 生火 94)be made from/of 由……制成 95)be made in 在……地方制造 96)look out of (outside) 往外看(看外面) 97)look up a word (in the dictionary) 查字典 98)look up 往上看,仰望 99)look after 照管,照看,照顾 100)look for 寻找 101)look like 看上去像 102)look fine/well/tired/worried 看起来气色好/健康/疲劳/忧虑 103)look out 当心,小心 104)look on …as… 把……当作……看待 105)look around 朝四周看 106)look at 看着…… 107)put on 穿上(衣服),戴上(帽子),上演(戏剧) 108)put up 建造,搭起,挂起,举起,张帖 109)put into 使进入,输入 110)put one's heart into 全神贯注于 111)put…down… 把……放下 112)put…into… 把……译成 113)set up 竖起,建起 114)set off 出发,动身 115)set out 出发 116)set an example for 为……树立榜样 117)send for 派人去请(叫) 118)send out 放出,发出 119)end up 把……往上送,发射 120)take one's advice 听从某人劝告 121)take out 拿出,取出 122)take down 拿下 123)take place 发生 124)take one's place 坐……的座位,代替某人职务 125)take the place of 代替…… 126)take a walk/rest 散步/休息 127)take it easy 别紧张 128)take sth.with sb. 随身带着 129)take sb. to a park/London for one's holidays 带某人去公园/伦敦度假 130)take care of 关心,照顾,保管 131)take a look (a last look) at 看一看(最后看一眼) 132)take an exam 参加考试 133)take away 拿走 134)take back 收回,带回 135)take hold of 抓住…… 136)take off 脱下(衣,帽,鞋等)拿掉 137)take (an active) part in (积极)参加(活动) 138)take photos 拍照 139)take some medicine 服药 140)take a bus/train/boat 乘公共汽车/火车/船 141)turn on 开,旋开(电灯,收音机等) 142)turn off 关上(电灯,收音机等) 143)turn in 交出,上交 144)turn…into… 变成 145)turn to 翻到,转向 146)turn down (把音量)调低 147)turn…over 把……翻过来 148)play basketball 打篮球,play football 踢足球,play volleyball 打排球 149)play games 做游戏 150)play the piano (the violin) 弹钢琴(拉小提琴) 151)play with snow 玩雪 152)play a joke (on) 对……开玩笑(三)由其他动词构成的词组 153)think over 仔细考虑 154)arrive at/in a place 到达某处 155)eat up 吃完,吃光 156)do well in 在……干得好 157)enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 like doing sth. 喜欢干某事 158)find out 发现,查出(真相等) 159)finish off 吃完,喝完 160)stop doing sth. 停止做某事 161)stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 162)hold a meting 举行会议 163)hold up 举起 164)hurry up 赶快,快点 165)enter for 报名参加 166)laught at 嘲笑 167)be used to 习惯于 168)used to 过去常常 169)wake…up 唤醒 170)work out 算出3.关于作文英语写作中常见的十二种句型 such+名词性词组+that… So+形容词/副词+that…——如此……以致…… 例如:(1)She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一个好老师,我们都爱她。 (2)It was such a hot day that they didn’t go out for a walk as usual.这么热的天气,他们没有像往常一样去散步。 注意点: 1.such+a+形容词+名词+that…,可以改写成:so+形容词+a+名词+that…,例句(1)可以改写成:She is so good a teacher that we all love her. 2.在such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that…结构中,形容词如果是many/few或much/little时,用so不用such,即:so+many/few+可数名词复数+that…,so+much/little+不可数名词+that… (1)There are so many people in the room that I can’t get in.房间里人太多,我进不去。 (2)The man has so much money that he can buy a car.那人很有钱,他能买一辆小汽车。 句型(二) There be…,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also… 例如:(1)There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box.他的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。 (2)Not only you but also I have been to the Great Wall.你和我都没有去过长城。 (3)Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai.要么你去上海,要么我去上海。 (4)Neither you nor he is right.你和他都不对。 (5)Both Jack and Tim are English. Jack和Tim是英国人。 注意点: 当这几个句型连接主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要考虑“就近原则”,对比both…and… 来记忆,both…and…连接主语时视为复数。 句型(三) Enough+名词+to do…——有足够的……做某事 形容词/副词+enough+to do …——足够……做某事 例如:(1)There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting.有足够的地方容下这些人开会。 (2)The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box.这个男孩力气够大,能搬动这只箱子。 注意点: enough做副词修饰形容词或副词时,放在所修饰词的后面,句子可以用so…that…句型改写。例句(2)可以改写为:The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.这个男孩力气很大,能搬动这只箱子。 句型(四) too+形容词/副词+to do…——太……以致不能…… 例如:(1)I was too excited to say a word.我激动得一个字也说不出来。 (2)Tom is too short to reach the apple. Tom太矮了,拿不到那个苹果。 注意点: 这是一个否定句型,不能在不定式前加 not,可以用so…that…结构改写,例如例句(1)可以改写成:I was so excited that I couldn’t say a word.??? 句型(五) So that …——以便/以致…… 例如:(1)They studied hard so that they could pass the exam.他们学习很努力,为了能通过考试。 (2)They started early so that they caught the early bus.他们起得很早,结果赶上了早班车。 注意点: 在例句(1)中,是引导目的状语;在例句(2)中,是引导结果状语。一般来讲,从句中含有情态动词的,为目的状语。无情态动词的,为结果状语。 句型(六) 祈使句+then/or/and+陈述句 例如:(1)Work hard,and/then/and then you will live a happy life.努力工作,你就会过上幸福生活。 (2)Hurry up, or we will be late for school. 快点,否则我们上学就迟到了。 注意点: 以上句型都可以用条件状语从句来改写。例句(2)可以改写成:If we don’t hurry up,we’ll be late for school. 句型(七) (1)It’s time for sth.是干某事的时间了。 It’s time (for sb) to do sth.该干某事了。 It’s time that sb did sth.该干某事了。 例如:(1) It’s time for the meeting.该开会了。 (2)It’s time for us to go to school.我们该上学了。 (3)It’s high time that you went to bed.你该上床休息了。 注意点: 在句型(3)中,可以在time前加rush、 high等修饰词,这个句型是虚拟语气的一种,含有“稍迟一点”的含义。而(2)则是“正是干某事的时候”。 句型(八) (1)It takes sb. Some time to do sth.干某事花某人一些时间 (2)sb. spend some time on sth./(in) doing sth.某人花时间在某事上/花时间干某事 (3)spend some money on sth./(in) doing sth.花钱在某物上/花钱干某事 (4)sth. cost sb. Some money——某事花某人一些钱 (5)pay some money for sth.为某事(物)付钱 例如:(1)It took me two hours to write the letter.写这封信花了我两小时的时间。 (2)He spends half an hour (in) reading English every morning.他每天早上花半小时读英语。 (3)He spends one hour on the housework every day.他每天花一小时做家务。 (4)The bike cost me 298 yuan.这辆自行车花了我298元。 (5)I spent 298 yuan on the bike.我买这辆自行车花了298 元。 (6)I paid 298 yuan for the bike.我花了298元买这辆自行车。 注意点:cost主语一般为物;spend、pay主语一般为人。例(1)中it 用做形式主语,动词不定式为真正主语。??? 句型(九) (1)Why not do…?为什么不干某事? (2)Let’s do …让我们干某事吧。 (3)Shall we do …?我们干某事好吗? (4)Would you like something/to do sth.…?你想要什么吗?你想要干…吗? (5)Will you please do …?请你干某事好吗? (6)What (How) about doing…?干某事怎么样? 例如:(1)Why not go and ask our teacher?Good idea!Let’s go.为什么不去问问老师?好主意!走吧! (2)Shall we go out for a walk?No, let’s go to the zoo.我们去散步怎么样?不,我们去动物园吧。 (3)Will you please fetch some chalks for me?请你给我拿些粉笔,好吗? (4)What about singing an English song? Wonderful!唱首英语歌曲怎么样?好极了! 注意点:这些句型都是表示“建议”的句子,可视为同义句。 句型(十) (1)Let’s go out for a walk,shall we?让我们出去散步,好吗? (2)Read the book carefully,will you?认真读书,好吗? 注意点:在这两个句型中,(2)所代表的祈使句,一般用will you构成反意疑问句。在(1)中Let’s表示包括“我”在内,用shall we,但若是let us,表示不包括“我”在内,则用will you。 例如:Let us go out for a walk,will you?你让我们出去散散步,好吗? 句型(十一) So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语——也…… Neither/Nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语——也不…… 例如:(1)He can sing a lot of English songs,so can she.他会唱很多英语歌曲,她也是。 (2)She speaks English very well,so do I.她英语说得好,我也是。 (3)Li Lei hasn’t read this book,neither has Lin Feng.李蕾没看过这本书,林风也没看过。 注意点:这两个句型都表示和前面所陈述的内容相同,用倒装句。要注意和 “so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词——确实是”相区别,试对比一下例(2): A:She speaks English very well.她英语说得很好。 B:so she does.确实是这样。 句型(十二) I don’t think his answer is right.我认为他的答案不对。 例如:(1)I can’t believe she is right.我相信她是不对的。 (2)You don’t think they will come tomorrow, do you?你认为他们明天不会来,是吗? 注意点:Think、believe、suppose 等接宾语从句时,表示否定时否定主句。变为反意疑问句时,若主语是第一人称,简短问句与宾语从句的主谓语保持一致, 若主句主语是其他人称,与主句主谓语保持一致。例(1)变为反意疑问句应为:I can’t believe she is right, is she?另外,##运用黄金句式 It is no use (good) doing… ……是没用的 It is no use complaining. It is no use crying. It’s no use pretending that you didn’t know the rules. It is + time since… 我已经有两年没见他了。 It is two years since I last met him. It is…that… 我最珍视的是友谊。 It is friendship that I value most. ##运用万能公式 a. It is said that … 据说,听说 It is reported that … 据报道 It is widely known that … 众所周知,大家都知道 It is said that a boy’s life was taken away by H1N1. b. In my eyes, + 句子 在我眼中…… In my opinion, + 句子 在我看来…… As far as I know,+句子 据我所知…… In my eyes,Xishi is the most beautiful girl in the world. c. From this picture we can see that + 句子 从……中我们可以看出 ##运用名言,谚语 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情 The happiness will come when the pain leaves. 苦尽甘来 The winter is coming and the spring is not far 冬天已经临近了,春天还会远吗? As long as we work hard, we can make the impossible possible 只要我们努力,就能变不可能为可能。 Practice makes perfect! 熟能生巧
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