藏羚羊外貌英语

The Tibetan antelope or chiru (Pantholops hodgsonii) is a medium-sized bovid which is about 80 centimetres (2.6 ft) in height at the shoulder. It is the sole species in the genus Pantholops and is placed in its own subfamily, Pantholopinae. It is native to the Tibetan plateau including China's Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai province, and Xinjiang Autonomous Region; and in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir region of India and Pakistan. The Tibetan antelope is also known commonly by its Tibetan name, chiru. The coat is grey to reddish-brown, with a white underside. The males have long, curved-back horns which measure about 50 centimetres (1.6 ft) in length.

藏羚羊简介 藏羚(Pantholops hodgsoni) 英文名：Tibetan antelope或Chiru 中文别名：藏羚羊、长角羊 藏名译音：Zu 分 类：偶蹄目、牛科、藏羚属。形似黄羊，但大得多。 肩 高：80—85厘米(雄) 70—75厘米(雌) 体 重：35—40公斤(雄) 24—28公斤(雌) 形 态：四肢匀称、强健。尾短小、端尖。通体被毛丰厚绒密，毛形直。 特殊性：每个鼻孔内还有1个小囊，其作用是为了帮助在空气稀薄的高原上进行呼吸。 毛 色：雄羊头、颈、上部淡棕褐色，夏深而冬浅，腹部白色，额面和四条腿有醒目黑斑记，雌羊纯黄褐，腹部白色。 角 长：成年雄性角长笔直，角尖微内弯，50—60厘米(雌性无角) 寿 命：一般不超过8岁 习 性：集成十几到上千只不等的种群，生活在海拔4300米到5100米(最低3250米，最高5500米)的高山草原、草甸和高寒荒漠上，早晚觅食，善奔跑。 夏季雌性沿固定路线向北迁徒，6—7月产仔之后返回越冬地与雄羊合群，11—12月交配，每胎1仔。有少数种群不迁徙。 分 布：只限青藏高原，以羌塘为中心，南至拉萨以北，北至昆仑山，东至西藏昌都地区北部和青海西南部，西至中印边界，偶尔有少数由此流入印度境内拉达克。 数 量：少于75000只(1999年估计，据夏勒博士) 保护级别：国家一级保护动物 自然保护区：为了保护藏羚羊和其它青藏高原特有的珍稀动物，国家于1983年成立阿尔金山国家级自然保护区，1992年，成立羌塘自然保护区，1995年成立可可西里省级自然保护区，1997年底上升为国家级自然保护区。 2000年成立三江源自然保护区 藏羚属国家一级保护动物。 CITES公约：即《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》，是一个有100多个成员国参加的、国际性政府间保护野生动植物的协议，秘书处设在瑞士，各国都设有CITES管理委员会，每个成员国都有责任遵守CITES保护稀有野生动植物的协议，违约时要受到处罚。除了一个成员国之外，CITES的142个成员国或地区进口藏羚羊毛或称"沙图什"都是违法的。藏羚羊（chiru），背部呈红褐色，腹部为浅褐色或灰白色。 成年雄性藏羚羊脸部呈黑色，腿上有黑色标记，头上长有竖琴形状的角用于御敌。 雌性藏羚羊没有角。 藏羚羊的底绒非常柔软。 成年雌性藏羚羊身高约75厘米（30英寸）、体重约25-30公斤（55-66磅）。 雄性身高约80-85厘米（32-33英寸）、体重约35-40公斤（77-88磅）。

The Tibetan antelope is a medium-sized bovid which is about 1.2 metres (4 feet) in height. It is native to the Tibetan plateau including China's Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai province, and Xinjiang province; India near Ladakh and formerly western Nepal. The Tibetan antelope is also known commonly by its Tibetan name chiru. The coat is grey to reddish-brown, with a white underside. The males have long, curved-back horns which measure about 50 cm (20 inches) in length.Despite its classification in the Antilopinae subfamily, recent morphological and molecular evidence suggests that the Chiru is more closely allied to goats and the subfamily Caprinae (Gentry 1992, Gatesy et al. 1992, Ginsberg et al. 1999).Tibetan antelope are gregarious, sometimes congregating in herds hundreds strong. The females migrate up to 300 km yearly to calving grounds in the summer where they usually give birth to a single calf, and rejoin the males at the wintering grounds in late autumn (Schaller 1998). Chirus live on the high mountain steppes and semi-desert areas of the Tibetan plateau such as Kekexili, where they feed on various forb and grass species. The average life span is about eight years.Tibetan antelope are listed as endangered by the World Conservation Union and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service due to commercial poaching for their underwool, competition with local domesticated herds, and the development of their rangeland for gold mining. The Chiru's wool, known as shahtoosh, is warm, soft and fine. The wool can only be obtained by killing the animal; Its numbers have dropped accordingly from nearly a million (estimated) at the turn of the 20th century to less than 75,000 today. The numbers continue to drop yearly. The struggle to stop illegal antelope hunting was portrayed in the 2004 film, Kekexili: Mountain Patrol.

As in all of Bovidae, all male antelopes have horns, which range from the short spikes of duikers to the corkscrew horns (more than 160 cm [63 inches] long) of the greater kudu. Two-thirds of female antelopes bear horns; they are invariably thinner and usually shorter than those of the male. In gregarious species in which both sexes regularly associate in mixed herds, the horns are similarly shaped, and in female oryxes and elands they are often longer.摘自英国百科