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七彩娃娃豆

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英语语法教程中的语法知识点,我们来看一些比较简单的。下面是我给大家整理的英语语法教程,供大家参阅!

1.名词的数

<例句>

Her family are all music lovers.

她的家人都喜欢音乐。

<语法分析>

family为集体名词,作整体讲时为单数名词,如考虑到其个体时,则为复数名词。名词的数的概念是指名词的单复数,即名词的可数与不可数名词。一般而言,名词可以分为两类:即表示人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有名称的专有名词和普通名词。个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词都属于普通名词。个体名词和集体名词可以用数来计算,成为可数名词,而物质名词和抽象名词一般都不能用数来计算,成为不可数名词名词。

<触类旁通>

(1) Her husband is a Swiss. Her parents are both Swiss.

她丈夫是瑞士人。她的父母都是瑞士人。

语法分析:表示某国人的名词单复数同形,类似的还有某些表示动物名称的词,如bison, deer, fish, cod和salmon等。

(2) He finished school at fifteen.

他十五岁中学毕业。

语法分析:有些个体名词用作抽象名词,在意义上是不可数名词的。

(3) How much machinery has been installed?

装了多少机器?

语法分析:有不少名词在汉语中是可数的,而在英语中确是不可数的。

(4) There is a beauty in simplicity.

朴实之中有一种美。

语法分析:在多数情况下抽象名词用于单数形式,某些时候,也可以在其前面加定冠词或不定冠词。

(5) Two beers, please.

请来两杯啤酒。

语法分析:一般说来,物质名词是不可数的,因而没有复数形式,但有些物质名词用作可数名词可用来表示“一份”、“一杯”或“一种”等意义。

(6) He came up to shake hands with me.

他走过来和我握手。

语法分析:有些名词在某些习惯性的用法中,要用复数,成为相互复数。

<巩固练习>

1. Never make _____[friend] with such a person.

2. I have to change _____[train] here.

3. The public _____[be] deceived by the newspapers.

4. The gang _____[be] being hunted by the police.

5. No news _____[be] good news.

6. I know a few _____[Japanese].

7. We have defended the _____[fruit] of our victory.

<参考答案>

1. friends 2. trains 3. were 4. is 5. is 6. Japanese 7. fruits

<例句>

I bought two bottles of ink yesterday.

我昨天买了两瓶墨水。

<语法分析>

单位名词的数有单、复数的形式,如kind, sort, type, piece, cake, bottle和grain等单位名词如与复数限定词连用,一般要变成复数形式,of 后面的名词多用单数形式,且不用冠词。有些单位名词如dozen, score, head等词语复数限定词连用,仍保留单数形式。但如表示一种不确定的复数时,用复数形式。有些单位名词如pair, couple和ton等于复数限定词连用时,可用单数也可用复数。this, that, another和every等单数限定词一般只能与单数名词连用,但复数名词前有一个集体数词,且被看作一个整体时,也可与this等单数限定词连用。

<触类旁通>

(1) I like that two kinds of apple.

我喜欢那两种苹果。

语法分析:单位名词如与复数限定词连用,一般要变成复数形式。

(2) The shop sells six kinds of hat.

这家商店出售六种帽子。

语法分析:of 后面的名词多用单数形式。

(3) I went to the students reading-room yesterday.

我昨天去学生阅览室了。

语法分析:名词有时也可用复数作定语。

(4) He is a seven-year-old boy.

他是个七岁的男孩。

语法分析:数词 + 名词作定语,这个名词一般保留单数形式。

(5) I go to see her every two weeks.

我每两周去看望她一次。

语法分析:复数名词前有一个集体数词,且被看作一个整体时,也可与单数限定词连用。

(6) Never make friends with such a person.

不要和这样的人交朋友。

语法分析:有些名词在某些习惯用法中,要用复数形式。

<巩固练习>

1. She eat twn _____[piece] of bread.

2. There are three _____[grain] of rice on the table.

3. There are two _____[score] of birds in the forest.

4. She bought three _____[dozen] of balls last week.

5. I have been there _____[dozen] of times.

6. Wealth was calculated by _____[head] of cattle.

7. The old man is a _____[shoe] doctors there.

8. I saw two _____[man] doctors there.

9. She came up to shake _____[hand] with me.

10. He asked me to change _____[seat].

<参考答案>

1. pieces 2. grains 3. score 4. dozen 5. dozens 6. heads 7. shoe 8. men 9. hands 10. seats

<例句>

He is a friend of Henry's.

他是亨利的一个朋友。

<语法分析>

这是名词的双重所有格现象,of 后面的名词只能表示人,不能表示物。格是一种语法范畴,它表示名词或代词与句中其他词之间的结构和语义关系。名词所有格可以表示包括所有关系在内的多种关系,所有关系、主谓关系、动宾关系还可表示类别和地点等。‘s所有格和of 所有格都有多种意义,两者常常是不能互换的。

<触类旁通>

(1) Is this Mr. Black's office?

这是布莱克先生的办公室吗?

语法分析:名词所有格主要用于表示人的名词,也用于某些动物的名称后。

(2) We met at the hotel's entrance.

我们在旅馆门口相遇。

语法分析:名词所有格也用来表示某些无生命东西的名词,如时间、距离、价格、国家及城市等。

(3) She was pleased by her teacher's praise.

老师的称赞使她很高兴。

语法分析:名词所有格除了表示“所有关系”外,还可以有一些特殊的意义,可以表示主动关系。

(4) Everyone is singing the fighter's praise.

每个人都称赞这位战士。

语法分析:名词所有格还可以表示被动关系。

(5) He put his arm through his brother's.

他伸手挽住他哥哥的手臂。

语法分析:所有格修饰的词,如刚刚提过则可以省略,以避免重复。

(6) I am going to the barber's.

我要去理发店。

语法分析:所有格可以用来表示教堂、店铺以及某人的家等。

<巩固练习>

1. Sunddenly she heard the barking _____ dogs.

2. Do you recall that poem _____[Byron].

3. This is the _____[workers] rest homes.

4. I bought several ______[children] books yesterday.

5. It is another book of my ______[brother].

<参考答案>

1. of 2. of Byron's 3. workers' 4. children's 5. brother's

简学英语语法讲解

340 评论(15)

小红粉菲菲

状语为谓语动词服务的,表示谓语动词发生的背景,说明地点、时间、原因、结果、目的、让步、条件、方向、程度、比较、方式和伴随状况等。

由于状语用来修饰谓语动词,因此具有副词词性。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式等担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。

扩展资料:

1、主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。

2、宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。

3、表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。

4、同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。

5、形容词宾语:She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。

6、介词宾语:I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。

183 评论(13)

喵小贝贝

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究,指英语中语言的结构规律。包括词法和句法。英语的语法既可以是规范性的,也可以是描述性的。

首先词类:冠词,代词,动词(谓语和非谓语),形容词,副词。

(非谓语主要是doing,to do,done)

其次句型(主谓宾格式)

最后从句:名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句(重要)),状语从句(表示时间,目的,方式,地点,条件等),让步状语从句(重要),倒装句(重要),定语从句(限制性与非限制性) 注意不同从句的引导词或先行词 语法书中都有。

扩展资料:

情态动词本身就具有一定的词义,但要与动词原形以及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。

情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

情态动词除ought 和have外,后面只能接不带to的不定式。

情态动词不随人称的变化而变化,即情态动词的第三人称单数不加-s。情态动词不受任何时态影响即不加三单。

情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式、分词等形式。

参考资料来源:百度百科-英语语法

176 评论(10)

wangmiao1211

时态讲解一、一般现在时主要用于:1 、表示经常性或习惯性动作。 e.g. It seldom snows here.2 、表示现在的特征或状态。 e.g. He is always ready to help others.3 、普遍真理。 e.g. Action speaks louder than words.4 、剧情图片介绍,背景说明,动作解说。 e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table)Doctor : What's your trouble, young man?Tom : I've caught a cold, doctor.5 、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.与这种时态连用的时间状语常有: always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。二、一般过去时主要用于:1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性的动作或状态)e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days.2 、谈到过去的情况时 e.g. I didn't know you were so busy.3 、谈到已死人的情况时 e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.与这个时态连用的时间状语常有:yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作开始的时间。三、现在完成时主要用于:1 、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况,即多次动作的总和。e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel?For many days we haven't seen each other.2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。e.g. The delegation has left 代表团已经走了(说明现在不在这里) Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。与这一时态连用的时间状语有: already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语,连词 since 引导的时间状语从句。一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:一般过去时:重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况(时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等)。现在完成时:只提起已发生的动作(事实)及其影响,不说明动作发生时的具体情况。cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch?I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.注:现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性,故下面一句是错的:Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 应改为: Did you see the six thirty's news program?四、现在完成进行时主要用于:表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在,以至延伸到将来,它强调动作延续时间之长久。e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。(还在写)cf. I've written an article. 我写了一篇文章。(已写完)It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。五、过去完成时1 、过去完成时是一个相对时态,表示过去的过去,只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.注:主从句表达的动作紧接时,即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时,主从句都可用一般过去时。 e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army?2 、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束。e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.与这个时态连用的时间状语常有: by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作结束的时间。(六)现在进行时主要用于:1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?2 、代替一般现在时,表示经常性动作或状态,而含有某种感情色彩。e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样?(显得亲切)He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功课很好。(赞扬)You are always boasting. 你老爱吹牛。(厌烦)3 、动词 go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。 e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.与这种时态连用的时间状语常有: now, these days, recently, this week 等。七、过去进行时主要用于: 表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那时她在解放军某部工作。What were you doing this time yesterday?与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。用 when 引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作正在进行的时间。e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.注:1 、 while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时,从句常用过去进行时。e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.2 、 when 用作并列连词,意为“这时”,连接两分句时,第一句多用过去进行时。e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.一般过去时与过去进行时的区别:一般过去时:强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作。过去进行时:强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。试区别下面两句:We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们在修建一座水库。(可能尚未建成)We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们修建了一座水库。(已经建成)八、一般将来时主要用于: 表示将要发生的动作或情况e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别:一般将来时态 :主要从时间的角度表将要发生的动作或情况。be going to 结构 :①表(主观上)打算或准备做某事时。 ②表有发生某事的预兆时。e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.据以上区别,故下面一句是错的:I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 应改为: I shall be eighteen years old next year.be about to do sth 结构 :意为“刚要做某事”、“马上要做某事”强调时间之紧迫性。e.g. We are about to discuss this problem. 我们将马上讨论这个问题。be to do sth 结构: 表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事。e.g. When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered for.及物动词与不及物动词英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词与和及物动词。1.及物动词: 字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),可直接跟宾语。see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.2.不及物动词:字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得背动词短语了,如listen to,look at…..3. 宾语(动作的对象):是名词或代词,或相当于名词的词或短语(如动名词)。其它词不看作动作的对象呢。4.举例:“看”(1)see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.(2)look 看 (vi.) x宾语(即不能直接加宾语). Look! She is singing.Look carefully! (注意:carefully 是副词,不是名词,故不作宾语哟)(3)look at 看…….+宾语 Look at me carefully! (me是代词,作宾语了)连系动词连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词,或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,说明主语是什么或怎么样。一、 连系动词的类型有:1. "存在"类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调"存在"。常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。例如:The story sounds true.Those oranges taste good.2. "持续"类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调"持续"。常见的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等。例如:Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?3. "变化"类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强调"变化"后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变得), go(变得)等。例如:Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.二、注意事项1. 有些连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。如:feel, taste等词。例如:-Do you like the material?-Yes, it feels very soft.2. 一般情况下,连系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。例如:Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.3. 能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn后跟(表示主语身份的)名词作表语时,不加冠词。例如:Twenty years later, he turned teacher.The population growth in China remains a problem.4. 连系动词也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常见的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如:Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.终止性动词与延续性动词终止性动词指不会持续一段时间的动作,即动作在瞬间或短时间内完成。 例如:get arrive 这类动词不与一段时间连用终止性动词:表示不能延续的动作,即动作发生后立即结束。如:begin,arrive, borrow, ...终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语.一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。二、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:-When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then you've known each other for more than two years.-That's right.三、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:The train has arrived.火车到了。Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如:(1)他死了三年了。误:He has died for three years.正:He has been dead for three years.正:He died three years ago.正:It is three years since he died.正:Three years has passed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。误:He has come here for five days.正:He has been here for five days.正:He came here five days ago.正:It is five days since he came here.正:Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:He hasn't left here since 1986.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型,意为"直到……才……"。如:You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如:误:How long have you come here?正:How long have you been here?正:When did you come here?

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