小兔子lucky
一。概念
连词是用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词。连词不作成分。
二。相关知识点精讲
1.表示并列关系的连词有：and, both…and…, not only… but also…和neither…nor…等
1)and:和，并且
A:基本用法：
"and"表示 “和”、“并且”的意思，用来连接对等关系的字和字，片语和片语，句子和句子。
I enjoy basketball , football and table tennis.
The weather becomes colder and colder.
B:特别用法：
祁使句后连接and,有条件句作用，此时and=if you…,you’ll…
Go straight on, and you’ll see the library.==If you go straight on, you will see the library.
2)both…and…既…也…,(两者)都…
A、both…and…构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Both Jim and Kate are from England.
B、both…and…否定句表示部分否定。
You can’t speak both German and English.
Both my father and my mother aren’t doctors.
3)neither…nor…:既不…也不…
neither…nor…连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持 “人称”和 “数”的一致，即采取就近原则。
Neither I nor he has seen the play before.
4)not only…but also…:不但…而且…
not only…but also…连接两个主语后的谓语动词也遵循就近原则。
Not only the mother but also the children are ill.
2.表示转折关系的连词有：but, however, yet, still,while等。
Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.
Tom got up early, yet he failed to catch the train.
He was very tired, still he kept on walking.
Your composition is fairly good, however, there is still some
room for improvement.
Jane is hard working ,while her sister is quite lazy.
3.表示选择关系的并列连词有：or, either…or…,whether… or…等。
1)or:或、否则
A:基本用法
or 表示 “或” 的意思，使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。
----Is your friend English or American? ----American.
He doesn’t like dumplings or noodles.
B:特别用法
祁使句后连接or ，表 “如果…,否则…”,有转折的`意思，此时 or =if you don’t …,you’ll …
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
2)either…or…:或者…或者…; 不是…就是…;要么…要么…
A. either…or…连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持 “人称”和 “数”的一致，即就近原则。
Either you or I am right.
Does either she or they like English?
B. 由either…or…引导的否定句是完全否定。
She isn’t either a student or a teacher.
3)whether…or…不管…还是…
She is always cheerful, whether at home or at school.
4.表示因果关系的并列连词有：for(因为)，so(所以)。
He is not at school today, for he has a bad cold.
It was late, so I went home.
5.引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：before, after, when, while, as, till, until, since, as soon as等。
After they had planted their crops, they took a rest.
We have learned six lessons since he began to teach us.
As soon as he gets to Beijing, he’ll call me.
1) when, while, as 都表示“当……时”，when从句谓语动词既可以是瞬间动词也可以是延续性动词，可用于主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。while从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词，侧重主从句动作同时发生。as引导一个持续性动作，多用于主从句动作同时发生，强调“一边……一边”。
When I came in, my father was cooking.
I came in when/while my father was cooking.
He sang as he walked.
2)until用法：当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主从句都用肯定式，译为“直到……为止”;当主句谓语动词是瞬间动词时，主句用否定式，从句用肯定式，即not….until, 译为“直到……才”。
Mr. Green waited until his children came back.(格林先生一直等到他的孩子们回来)
Mr. Green didn’t go to bed until his children came back. (格林先生直到他的孩子们回来才睡觉)
6. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if(如果), unless(除非，如果……不)等。
If you don’t go soon, you’ll be late.=Unless you go soon, you’ll be late.
7.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有 because, as, since等。
because“因为”语气最强，回答why提问时只能用because,其引导的从句可放在句首或句末;as“由于”、since“既然”语气不如because强，引导的从句常置于句首;for是并列连词，语气最弱，对前面分句加以解释或补充说明，其引导的分句常置于句末且用逗号隔开。
He didn’t go to school because he was ill.
As it was raining, we went there by bus.
Since everybody is here, let’s begin.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
注意： because与 so不能同时使用。
8.引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：although/though(虽然，尽管), even though/if (即使)
Although/ Though it is a very young country, it is very rich.
Even if/ though you were here yesterday, you couldn’t help him.
注意：although/though 引导的从句不能与but连用，但可与yet, still连用。
9.引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that和in order that(以便，为了)等。
The teacher spoke loudly so that /in order that we could hear him clearly.
10.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that(结果是)和so/such…that…(如此…以至于)等。
It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze.
He got there so early that he got a good seat.
It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.
11.引导比较状语从句的从属连词有： as…as…(与……一样),not as/so… as…(不及，赶不上),和than(比)等。
I know you better than she does.
He works as carefully as she.
I can’t run as/so fast as you.
12.引导名词性从句的从属连词有：that和 if/whether(是否)等。
We know that the earth goes around the sun.(宾语从句)
I wonder if he has received my e-mail. (宾语从句)
Whether he’ll go there hasn’t been decided.(主语从句)
注意： 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句要用一般现在时。
I’ll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.
He won’t come unless he is invited.
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(一), 并列连词 1, and连接语法作用相同的部分. Let me know what you saw and heard in Europe. 如果连接的两个名词是指同一个人而有两种身份时,第二个名词前不要加冠词或所有格. Her husband is a singer and songwriter. 祈使句+and代替条件句. Work hard and you will pass the examination. (1) 由and连接的两个单数名词(2)and前面的主语 之前有every, each, no, many a的时候用单数谓语动词. Every train and bus was crowded with many people. 2, both+主语+and+主语+"复数谓语动词" Both Tom and Jerry are going to the cinema. 3, not only…but (also)如果连接两个主语,谓语动词临近原则. Not only he but also his parents are very kind to me. 4, as well as后面的主语不作为成分. This study, as well as many other reports, shows that cancer can be cured. 后面如果接动词一定要用动名词. She sings as well as playing the piano. 5, nor是否定连接词, 后面接的句子应倒装. I don't know, nor do I care. 因为nor是连接两个句子, 如果连接的不是句子,而且前面有否定词的时候,不用nor而是用or. 除neither以外 Never try to talk or argue with Mary. 6, but除了可以连接句子表示转折以外,还可以用在no one, none, nobody, nothing, all, every等词之后表示"除了…以外" He tried hard but he was unsuccessful. All the boys but one are here. 7, however, nevertheless, still, yet,含意相同相当于"but…anyway". adv. (conj) The car was old, yet(nevertheless) it was in excellent condition. She has her weaknesses, yet(but) that doesn't mean she is not qualified for the job. He lied to me, yet I still believe him. 8, while表示的是"相反的",也可以用but, however, on the other hand来代替. While some people have nothing to eat, others eat too much. 9, or连接句子或词组 "或者" Which do you prefer, yellow, blue or red? Was he angry, or was he pretending? 10, or, or else, otherwise都是否则的意思. Be quick, or/otherwise you will be late. 11, either … or/neither … nor的动词同样是临近原则. Either Mary or her parents are going by bus. There is neither electricity nor free suppers in the hotel. 12, so表示因此, 相当于therefore.（adv.） They cost a lot of money, so use them carefully. It is very cold. Therefore, we should stay here. 13, then （adv）然后,而后,其次 I dropped in at her house and then I went home. 14, for不可以放在句首;之前必须由逗号; 表示推论的理由 They must be good friends, for they are always together. (二), 从属连词 1, that引导名词性从句(主语/宾语/表语从句),同位语从句,定语从句,… That smoking can cause cancer is known to all. I was surprised to hear that he became the president. 2, whether/if(是否) if 能引导宾语语从句 Please tell me whether it is true or not. I haven't decided whether/if I'll go with you. 在介词后,名词后,不定式前和有or not的句子中用whether. I am worried about whether she is happy. 3, when, while, as when 在---时刻或时期,可指时间点或时间段,从句动词是终止或持续动词.When I got home, he was having supper. When I was young, I liked dancing. As 表示"边---边---"或"与---同时"表示动作同时发生伴随进行.动词相似.如终止性动词为从句,则主句也为终止性动词. They talked as they walked. While表示只是时间段,不是时间点,从句的动词只限于持续动词. While I slept a thief broke in. When 可以表示主句和从句先后发生. When he has finished his work, he takes a short rest. When 从句为终止动词不能为while 替换 When he came yesterday, we were playing basketball. 如从句动词为终止性动词,主句也是终止性动词 when 和as 可以互换. He came just as I reached the door. 从句表示状态可以用while. We should strike while the iron is hot. 4, after/before After her husband died she had to take everything on herself. Take the medicine before you go to bed. 5, since引导的从句是肯定句,一般主句都是完成时, 在it is … since这个结构里,从句可用过去时或现在完成时. 若是"it was … since"从句必须用过去完成时. She has had another baby since we met. It is two years since I last saw you. It was two years since I had played cards. 6, till/until其中until较为常用, till是口语. Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 7, as soon as I'll tell him the news as soon as I see him. 8, once(一旦)相当于as soon as Once he dies, everything will change. 9, because/since/as表示直接原因的时候不能用since或as.其他情况可以用.since-既然as- 由于（语气弱）. 10, so/such… that 结果状语从句(程度) She was so moved that tears came to her eyes. They took such care of her that not long after she was restored to health. 11, so/such that（结果状语从句／目的状语从句）, in order to/that…目的状语从句 They set out early so that they might arrive in time. 目的状语从句 Say slowly so that I can understand it. It was raining, so that we could not go out. 结果状语从句（原因） 12, if(假如,如果)不能用whether. If you call him a fatty, he will get angry. 13, unless=if not You can not interview him unless you get the permission. 14, though/although都作为"虽然,尽管"可以互换,although用的更多一些. 后面不可以有but但可以有yet/still/nevertheless. Although he is much better, yet his father isn't satisfied. 15, as…as/ than 16. Now that 既然 Now that you are all back, we'd better start the work right away. 17. Seeing that由于 Seeing that I shall be here again tomorrow, I won't wait any longer. 18, as可以引导状语从句 As I remember, he used to work here ten years ago. As I see it, there is still much room for improvement in our work. 据我看来-- Why didn't you do as you were asked to do? As far as I know, as far as I am concerned, --- as if (though) Try as he would, he couldn't open it.
