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常用法律英语词汇详解
法律，是国家的产物，是指统治阶级(统治集团，就是政党, 包括国王、君主)，为了实现统治并管理国家的目的，经过一定立法程序，所颁布的基本法律和普通法律。下面是常用的法律英语词汇，希望扩大法律相关词汇的童鞋不妨看看!
Concurrent Sentence 合并判决
刑事案中的被告犯了两项或以上的罪名同时成立，但各项罪名的判刑同时执行，例如第一项罪的判刑是一年监禁，而第二项罪的判刑是监禁两年，两项罪合并判决，被告只需要被服刑两年。
Consecutive Sentence 连续判决
刑事案中的被告所犯的不同罪行，是以连续判决执行，则被告需要分别服刑，例如一项罪被判了两年，另一项罪则被判了三年，被告便需要连续服刑五年，才会被释放。
Consideration 约因
合约是订约方自愿建立的法律关系，是一方以有价值的代价或者承诺以换取对方的承诺或代价，这些合约中的承诺或代价称为约因，缺乏有效的约因，合约便不能成立。
Contributory Negligence 分担疏忽
意外中的伤者对意外的造成及他自己的受伤程度，需要分担部份疏忽的责任，他所获得的`赔偿额也会相对地减少。
Copyright 版权
是作者对他所创作的作品的发表、翻印、复制等专有权利，版权在作品完成后便自动产生及受法律保护，毋须经过任何注册程序，但必须为原创作品才拥有版权。
Counterclaim 反申索
在民事诉讼中，被告对原告作出申索，而该申索的事实和理据与原告的申索是有关连的，反申索是一项独立的申索，所以原告必须对反申索作出适当的响应，例如进行抗辩等。
Custody 保管，监护，拘留
一般而言，Custody这个名词是指对对象的保管或拥有，但在家事法中，Custody of Children 是指对未成年子女的监护权;而在刑事案件中，则指对被告的拘留。
Decree 法庭判令
法庭聆讯后所作出的判令，可以分成暂时性判令“decree nisi” 和永久性判令 “decree absolute”，常见于离婚呈请的程序。一般而言，法庭颁出decree nisi后，在指定的期限过后，除非收到反对，否则都会颁出永久判令。
Deed 契约
是一种特别的合约，须要经过当事人签署、盖章并送交对方才算有效，契约上的盖章在法律上被视为一种有效的约因。
Defamation 诽谤
非法破坏他人名誉的行为，口头的毁谤和以书面的永久形式诽谤都可以构成民事索偿的理据或者刑事罪行。
Defence 抗辩
刑事或民事案件中的被告，否认有关的指控或申索，同时提出反对的支持事实。
Dependant 受养人
是指某人的某些家庭成员，需要依靠这个人提供的经济来支持生活，如果这个人因意外死亡，他的受养人因而遭受损失，是有权追究责任，要求赔偿有关的损失。
Disclaimer 弃权，否认
是指某人愿意放弃法律上的某项权益，如果这项权益是以书面确认，则这份文件称为Disclaimer。此外，也可以是指对某个声称或指控作出否认的行为。
Discovery of documents 披露文件
在民事诉讼的程序中，原告和被告都需要向法庭及对方披露其所持有关于该案件的所有文件，基于公平、公开和公正的法律原则，是“所有与案有关的文件”都需要披露，而不是只披露对自己有利的文件。
Distraint 封租
租客拖欠租金，业主可以根据租约条文向法庭请求封租令，将租客留在物业中的物品充公拍卖，偿还所拖欠的租金和封租的费用。
Domicile 居藉
是一个人定居的地方，居藉与居所不同，每一个人只可以有一个居藉，但却可以多于一个居所，居藉可以是以出生地为居藉，也可以自行选择移居的居藉，也可以是法律界定的居藉，一个人的法律地位受其居藉影响。
Estoppel 不可反言
是“Stop”的意思，法律上不容许否认经已作出的行为，或者不容许引申某项违反公平原则的争辩。
Ex Parte 单方
在公平的原则下，诉讼的程序一般都是以双方“Inter Parte”形式进行，即是与讼双方同时有机会向法庭作出申辩。但在某些特殊的情况下，例如对申请人有人身或财物安全的迫胁，或者不让对方有机会毁灭证据等，是可以容许以单方形式进行。例如以单方传票向法庭申请禁制令，禁止对方将子女擅自携离香港。
Fiduciary Duty 诚信责任
公司董事和受托人等，因为其身处位置，对委托人或有关的受益人都负有诚信的责任，基本上，诚信责任就是不能以位或权而谋私，凡事均以委托人的利益为前题。
Forthwith 立即
法律书信经常用的副词，是立即的意思，例：The outstanding sum should be settled forthwith. 应该立即清还所欠的款项。其实，所谓立即，可以理解为最短的合理时间。
小傻求好运
法律英语导读精选
引导语：下面是我整理的关于法律英语的导读，为了提高大家的.英语水平我一直很用心地在准备啊，大家快来看看对你有没有帮助。
section i: how can this book help you?
just about everyone is touched in some way by our criminal justice system. you, a relative or a friend may be arrested and charged with a crime. or perhaps you've been the victim of one. maybe you're a teacher, social worker or counselor who needs clear answers to pressing questions so you can help others understand how the criminal justice system works. this book is for all of you, and for anyone else who wants to understand a little more about such gripping modern-day dramas as the o.j. simpson, menendez brothers and timothy mcveigh trials.
the book uses an easy-to-understand question-and-answer format to explain the criminal justice system, inside and outside the courtroom. when can a police officer make an arrest? is it a good idea to talk to the police? who decides whether to charge someone with a crime, and what crime to charge? is self-representation ever a good idea in criminal cases? should defendants conceal their guilt from their attorneys? what factors might convince a judge to release a jailed person on low bail—or waive bail altogether? these are among the hundreds of practical questions the book addresses.
who can benefit from this book?
many people can benefit from the information in this book:
if you are accused of a crime. if you are facing criminal charges, you should become very familiar with the information in this book, even if you have a lawyer. your case belongs to you, not to your lawyer, and you will want to be savvy enough about what's going on to intelligently participate in important decisions that are likely to affect its outcome. the more you know, the more likely it is that you will receive high quality legal services, because you will be in a position to insist that they be provided to you.
defendants' family members and friends. if someone close to you faces criminal charges, you'll want to know what is happening and how you can be of help. does it matter whether you are there in the courtroom when your friend or relative is arraigned? what factors should you consider if you are asked to post bail or sign a bail application for someone else? how should you respond if asked for your opinion by your friend or relative on whether he or she should plead guilty or ask for a jury trial? what types of support or counseling can you properly offer a friend or relative throughout his or her criminal case? knowing the answers to these and many other questions will make you a better helper.
crime victims. until recent years, crime victims were largely shut out of the criminal justice process. now victims often play more active roles, for example, by addressing the judge at the time a defendant is sentenced. thus, if you are a victim, you too will want to understand how the process works and where in the process you can expect to have an impact on how the case is prosecuted.
concerned citizens. have you ever watched a trial on tv and wanted to know what all the mumbo-jumbo is about? complained about the costs associated with crime? been called for jury duty? whatever prompts your interest, the criminal justice system belongs to you. you have a right to know how it works. the information in this book tells you what you never learned in high school civics.
本节常用法律术语：
1、 criminal justice system 刑事司法系统
2、 arrest vt. n逮捕
3、 charge with 控告
4、 crime n.犯罪, 犯罪行为
5、 victim n.受害人, 受害者
6、 counselor n.顾问, 法律顾问
7、 trial n 审讯, 审判
8、 courtroom n.法庭, 审判室
9、 police officer n.警官, 警员
10、 self-representation 自己辩护，自我辩护
11、 defendant n.被告
12、 attorney n.<美>律师, (业务或法律事务上的)代理人
13、 judge n.法官, 审判员, 裁判员
14、 bail n.保释, 保证金, 保证人
15、 lawyer n.律师
16、 legal adj.法律的, 法定的, 合法
17、 arraign vt.提审, 传讯, 责难
18、 plead guilty 服罪，认罪
19、 jury trial 陪审团审判
20、 prosecute 起诉
