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英语主谓一致使用原则
导语:主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,下面我分享英语主谓一致使用原则,欢迎参考!
在英语中,句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上必须保持一致,并且大致遵循以下三个原则:
1. 就近一致原则
即句子的谓语动词同最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:
Not you but I am to blame. 不是你而是我应该受责。
Not only you but also your teacher is supposed to go. 不仅你要去,而且你的老师也要去。
2. 语法一致原则
即谓语动词与主语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,动词用复数形式。如:
The girls are busy packing. 姑娘们在忙着收拾东西。
The last few winters have been very cold. 过去几个冬天都很冷。
Many a student has seen the film. 许多学生看过这部电影。
3. 意义一致原则
即谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的意义,而不是其语法形式。如:
People are lying on the beach. 人们躺在海滩上。
The steel works is closed for the holidays. 钢厂因放假关门了。
和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词.但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂,现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下:
1,"more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:
More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花.
2,"many a +名词"作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如:
Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.
3,"half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如:
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖.
4,all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数.例如:
"All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利
5,what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数.例如:
What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.
6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如:
No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.
7,当主语后面有as well as,with,along with,together with,but,like,rather than,except,逗号加and连接几个名词等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的'主语保持一致.例如:
My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京.
8,each作主语的同位语时,谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关.例如:
They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.
9,动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:
Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯.
10,the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如:
The following are good examples

mrs探险家
(一) 见到谓语找主语,主谓一致找状语 见到名词想多数,可不可数要记牢 见到平行看结构,形式功能要对称 见到代词找指代,指代通常不合理 小小of常抓的点,of前名词adj最高级 (二) 谓与非谓经常混 谓语句中就一个 其余动词非谓语 常见形式有三种 ving ved 和to do 主宾通常ving 现在分词表主动 过去分词表被动 目的要用不定式 改错要想拿高分 语法口诀要记牢 (三) 规则是说谎 lie lied lied 不规则是躺 lie lay lain 躺过就下蛋 lay laid laid 下蛋不规则
萨瓦底卡Fs
主谓一致三原则是指形式一致原则,意义一致原则,临近一致原则,我在这里整理了相关资料,希望能帮助到您。
主谓一致三原则
1. 形式一致的原则
一般说来,当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时,谓语动词就用单数形式;当作主语的名词或代词是复数时,谓语动词就复数形式:
如:
(1) He likes skating in winter.
他喜欢冬天滑冰。
(2) Alice reads much.
艾利斯看了很多书。
(3) They don’t live here.
他们不住这里。
2. 意义一致的原则
英语中,有些名词或代词形式上是单数,而意义上可能是复数,这时,谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词的意义决定。
如:
(1) People there were very glad to see our team win the match.
在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。
(2) His family were watching TV when I got to his home.
我到他家时,他家的人在看电视。
(3) Our class are working hard to make ours a good class.
我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。
3. 邻近一致的原则
英语中,有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语,此时,谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。
如:
(1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room.
他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。
(2) There are five chairs and a desk in his room.
他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。
(3) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there.
要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。
(4) Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there.
是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去?
英语基本句型归纳
基本句型 一:S V (主+谓)
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S │ V (不及物动词)
1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢?
6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
基本句型 二: S V P (主+系+表)
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻
S │V(是系动词)│ P
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。
4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。
8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。
There be 结构: There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’ 。
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
基本句型 三: S V O (主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等
S │V(及物动词)│ O
1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案?
2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。
3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。
4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。
5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说:"早上好!"
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。
基本句型 四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please.
强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如:Show this house to Mr.Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please.
S │V(及物)│ o(多指人) │ O(多指物)
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。
5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片
6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
年糕年糕熊
巧记英语语法口诀二十一首独门兵器 英语语法不容易记,但借助语法口诀,却可起到事半功倍的效果。 实战心得 英语语法的叙述,讲究科学性,追求严谨。故而中学生看起来,不免有些枯燥。看不下去,背不下来。为此,全国各地的师生们编写了不少英语语法口诀,以帮助记忆,收集起来,也有20余首: 一、英语的词类 句子要由词组成, 英语词类有十种: 句中成分用实词, 名、代、动、副、数、形容; 冠、介、连词和感叹, 虚词附加或沟通。 词类功能掌握了, 造句之时好运用。 二、语序歌 主、谓、宾、表同汉语, 定语有同也有异。 状语位置最特殊, 不能全和汉语比。 三、肯定句变一般疑问句 have和be提句首, 其它助词比开头。 时间、人称由do变, 动词只把原形留。 谓语助词有几个, 第一助词提句首。 四、肯定旬变否定句 否定谓语加not, 放在be和have后。 其它要加助词do, do的后边加not, 时间、人称由do变, 动词原形总保留。 谓语若是助词多, not紧跟第一个。 五、名词的所有格 名词只变数, 不分主宾格。 人和动物类, 可变所有格。 撇(’)后加s, 相当汉语“的”。 时间、距离等, 也变所有格。 六、名词变复数 单数变为复数式, 加上“s”统言之。 下列结尾名词后, 要加“s”先加“e”: 发音[F][tF][s]和[z], 或是辅音加“o”时。 有些名词变复数, 词尾变化要注意: “y”前字母是辅音, 一律变“y”为“ie”; 遇到“f/fe”, 有时需要变“ve”。 少数名词不规则, 特别情况靠硬记。 七、时间名词前所用介词的速记歌 年月周前要用in, 日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用on, 上午下午又是in。 要说某日上下午, 用on换in才能行。 午夜黄昏用at, 黎明用它也不借。 at也在时分前, 说“差”用to, 说“过”要用paRt。 八、介词用法歌 介词加宾语, 才能有实意。 表、定、状、宾、补, 词组在句里。 九、介词顺口溜 in在……里, out在……外, 在旁边的是beside, 靠近的为by 。 on在……上, under在……下, above在上头, below在底下。 十、be的用法歌 动词be,变化大, “I”用“am”,“You”用“are”, is用于它(it)、他(he)、她(she), 复数一律要用“are”, 切莫用错闹笑话。
我是漂亮小小妞
主谓一致的基本原则主谓一致有以下三条原则:1)语法一致原则,即在语法形式上取得一致。例如,主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。例如:The students are very young.This picture looks beautiful.2)意义一致原则,即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如,主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数,谓语动词也采取复数形式;而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数,谓语动词也采取单数形式。1.The people in that country are fighting for independence.2.The crowd deeply respect their leader. 3.Three years in a strange land seems a long time.3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如:Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy.2.主谓一致的用法根据以上三条原则,主谓一致有如下用法:1)下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式a.表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语,谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:1.Two hundred miles is a long distance.2.Ten dollars is a high price for that book.b.由anyone,anything,anybody,no one,nothing,everyone,everybody,everything,someone,somebody,each,either,neither等不定代词作主语,谓语动词使用单数形式。例如:1.Someone is knocking at the door.2.Anything is better than going to the movie tonight.c.由“a series of,a kind of,a portion of +名词”作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式。例如:A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week.d.由“many a,more than one +单数名词”作主语,尽管意义上表示复数,但谓语动词仍采用单数形式。例如:Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break.There is more than one answer to your question.e.“名词+and+名词”作主语,表示同一人、同一概念或事物时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:A writer and educator is giving a lecture now.(这个人既是作家又是教育家)f."either (neither) + of +复数名词(或代词)"作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:1.If either of you takes a vacation now,we will not be able to finish the work.2.Neither of them wants to come.g.在each…and each…,every…and every…等结构之后,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Each man and each woman has the right to vote.h.动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:What I want to say is none of your business.Listening to the classical music is enjoyable.i.以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时,如politics(政治学),mathematics(数学),statistics(统计学),acoustics(声学),linguistics(语言学)等,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Mathematics is what he majors in.2)下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词。a.由“a11,none,no,most,half,the last,the rest,the remainder+of+名词”等不定代词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如:None of the food is wasted.None of the students were absent.The rest of the lecture was dull.The rest of the bikes were on sale yesterday.b.由"lots of,heaps of,loads Of,scads of +名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如:Lots of work is to be done this week.Lots of people are going to swim this afternoon.There is loads of milk on the farm.There are loads of big red apples on the ground.There is heaps of fun.c.由“分数或百分数十of +名词或代词”作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式。例如:Three-quarters of the area is cultivated.Ninety percent of the students have passed the exam.3)下列结构作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式根据意义而定。a.由“the+形容词” 这种结构作主语,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果表示一类人 (如the rich,the poor,the blind,the deaf,the sick,the young,the old),谓语动词用复数形式;如果表示个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:The blind are taught trades in special schools. (表示一类人)The good in him overweighs the bad. (表示抽象概念)The departed was a good friend of his. (表示个人)b.family,crowd,committee,class,audience,group,government,team,public,majority,minority等集合名词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式应根据意义而定。例如:The family like to listen to the music.(the family指这家人,用作复数)The family is small.(the family指这个家庭,用作单数)The committee has considered your proposal.(the committee指委员会,用作单数)The committee were arguing for an hour before they gave their votes. (the committee指委员会的委员们,用作复数)下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般单复数均可。a. 以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时,谓语动词一般单复数均可。例如:Five and six make/makes eleven.Seven times ten are seventy.但是:Twenty from thirty leaves ten. Six sevens are forty-two.b.由"one in/out of +名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数均可。例如:One in ten were/was present.下列结构作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。由and或both…and连接两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时,一般谓语动词用复数形式。例如:A girl and a boy want to go.Both rice and wheat are grown in that country.6)下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式视具体情况而定。a.由as well as,together with,besides, like,along with,with but,except,accompanied by,rather than,including连接两个名词作主语,谓语单复数形式应由连接词前的名词而定。例如:The president of the college,together with the deans,is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.The young mother with her two children is coming now.The plant manager,like many technicians,is experienced in designing new products.b.“名词+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式跟of前的名词一致。例如:The picture of the children brings back many memories of my past experiences.The effects of cigarette smoking have been proved to be extremely harmful.c.由not only…but also,either…or,neither…nor或or连接的并列主语,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定。例如:He or you have taken my pen.Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.One or two days are enough to visit the city.d.there be句型中的谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于其后的真正主语的单复数形式。例如:There is a garden in front of the house.There are two things I'd like to say here.7)关于几对容易混淆词组的一致用法a.由"this/that kind/type of +名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;而由"these/those kind/type of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:1.This kind of apples is highly priced.2.Those kind(s) of tests are good. b.由“a number of,a total of,an average of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;由“the number of,the total of,the average of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:A number of students are waiting for the bus.The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.c.one of,the (only) one of的一致用法This is one of the books that have been recommended.This is the (only) one of the books that has been recommended.3.前后呼应的用法1)当everyone,everybody,no one,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everything,anything,something,nothing等用作主语时,其相应的代词一般用单数形式。例如:If anybody calls,tell him that I'm out.Something strange happened,didn't it?Every passenger has to carry his own luggage.2)人称代词与名词的呼应:人称代词I (me),he (him),she (her),it (it)都是代替前面的单数名词,而they (them),we (us)则是代替复数名词的,you既可以代表单数,也可以代表复数。但表示泛指的时候,用he或one来表示。例如:If a young person enters a classical music field only for money,he is in the wrong profession.The leaves of the red maple are highly poisonous to horses and when ingested can kill them within fifteen hours。3)物主代词与名词的呼应:my,our,his,her,its,their要与代替的名词在数上一致。例如:The welfare department,as well as the other social services,will have its budget cut.Delphins are warm-blooded;that is,their body temperature always stays about the same,regardless of the surroundings.4)反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应。Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.Everybody clings to this illusion about himself.I have just been out to get myself a cup of tea.5)指示代词与所代名词间的呼应:this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词,these和those指代复数名词 (those还可以用作先行词,引导定语从句,表示“那些人”)。例如:She invited all those who had been her former colleagues.The amount of the pressure caused by the weight of a column of fluid is determined by the height of this column.6) much和much of后接不可数名词,而many和many of后接可数名词的复数。例如:There is not much coal left.A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake.7)表示量的词后面有的接可数名词,有的接不可数名词。接可数名词的有:a number of,a range of,a series of十复数名词;接不可数名词的有:a great deal of,an amount of十不可数名词;既可接可数又可接不可数名词的有:a lot of,a variety of。例如:1.The government attached a great deal of importance to education.2.Quite a number of women applied for this job.3.The college library has a variety of books.4.An apple is a variety of fruit.5.A wide range of disorders can affect the human muscular system.