考研英语一答案22

回答字数在10000字以内，所以就放了2005年希望对你有用。2005 Passage 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's; study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber .Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin. The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by [A]. posing a contrast. [B]. justifying an assumption. [C]. making a comparison. [D]. explaining a phenomenon.22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) implies that [A]. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals. [B]. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature. [C]. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other. [D]. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are [A]. more inclined to weigh what they get. [B]. attentive to researchers' instructions. [C]. nice in both appearance and temperament. [D]. more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys [A]. prefer grapes to cucumbers. [B]. can be taught to exchange things. [C]. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated. [D]. are unhappy when separated from others.25. What can we infer from the last paragraph? [A]. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions. [B]. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. [C]. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do. [D]. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.重点词汇： assumption  （假定；承担；呈现）是assume的名词形式；见1997年Text 2。.参consumption，2002年Text 3。assumption — the mother of screw-up 臆断——把事情弄糟的根源。underlying assumption 潜在的假定。grievance /n.委屈冤情不平。申诉人提出不满意见交付仲裁者。悲痛伤心事不幸忧伤。因为有冤情（）而满怀悲痛（）向申诉人申诉。tardily  adv.缓慢。形容词形式拖拉的。（谐音记忆：他地，工作是他的，所以我可以拖拉）counterpart （相似或对应的人或物）即counter+part，counter-前缀“对等”，part部分，“对等的部分”。见2000年 Passage 4 。token  n. 表示, 向征, 记号, 代币 adj. 象征的, 表意的。Tears are queer tokens of happiness. 眼泪是快乐的一种奇怪的表示。reluctant  （不愿的，勉强的）即re+luct+ant，re-看作“反复”，luct可看作词根lect“选择”，-ant形容词后缀，人们都不愿反反复复地作选择，所以“反复选择”→不愿的。Suggestion systems can work — don't be reluctant to use them.建议制度是有效的——不要不愿使用它们。indignation  n. 愤慨, 义愤。 记忆：in-dig挖（坑）-nation，挖坑藏在里面的民族，能不愤慨吗？比如老萨，呵呵。形容词形式 indignant  adj. 愤怒的, 愤慨的 难句分析： ①Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.前一分句是句子的主句，其中使用了短语regard…as…的被动形式；with加名词作状语，即“带有潜在的假定”，其中assumption后接有that引导的同位语从句解释说明假定的内容。翻译：这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，他潜在的假定就是其他动物不可能有这种高度发达的不公平意识。②when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.该句子的主句是their behaviour became markedly different.前面是when引导的时间状语从句，其中包含了so that引导的目的状语从句。翻译：当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。 试题解析：这篇文章是讲猴子有一种天然的公平意识，文章本身难度不是太大，一开始做了一个类比，讲人的公平意识。然后根据这个类比，文章重点谈猴子们的公平意识。这篇对比性的文章两个方面要理解，第一，人类和猴子之间都有一种近似的表现，当受到不公正待遇的时候，都有义愤填膺的感觉，如果把握这个逻辑，就是类比的逻辑。第二, 最后两段关于选择的实验的对象以及实验的结果。21题，我们应该选择C，考察第一段的写作手法，明显用的是猴和人之间的相似形的比较关系。22题答案是B，也是在把猴子和人做类比，指出猴子与人一样都抱怨不公平23题答案选A，这个是事实细节题，答案是根据文章第三段第一句话得到的，雌性的猴子被选择做研究，是因为她们更加注重她们获得的东西。24题答案选择C，他们最终的发现是什么，篇章最后两段反复重复，如果没有受到公平的话，25题选择B.这篇文章第一段和最后一段都出现一个词，"假设"为什么猴和人都有这种心理反应，这个问题没有得以解决。全文翻译：人人都喜欢大幅加薪，但是当你知道一个同事薪水加得比你还要多的时候，那么加薪带给你的喜悦感就消失的无影无踪了。如果他还以懒散出名的话，你甚至会变得怒不可遏。这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不公平意识。但是由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃里莫大学的Sarah Brosnan 和Frans de Waal进行的一项研究表明，它也是“猴之常情”。这项研究成果刚刚发表在《自然》杂志上。 研究者们对雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为进行了研究。它们看起来很可爱，性格温顺，合作，乐于分享食物。最重要的是，就象女人们一样，它们往往比雄性更关注“商品和服务”价值。这些特性使它们成为Brosnan 和 de Waal理想的研究对象。研究者们花了两年的时间教这些猴子用代币换取食物。正常情况下，猴子很愿意用几块石头换几片黄瓜。但是，当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。在卷尾猴的世界里，葡萄是奢侈品（比黄瓜受欢迎得多）。所以当一只猴子用一个代币换回一颗葡萄时，第二只猴子就不愿意用自己的代币换回一片黄瓜。如果一只猴子根本无需用代币就能够得到一颗葡萄的话，那么另外一只就会将代币掷向研究人员或者扔出房间外，或者拒绝接受那片黄瓜。事实上，只要在另一房间里出现了葡萄（不管有没有猴子吃它），都足以引起雌卷尾猴的怨恨。研究人员指出，正如人类一样，卷尾猴也受社会情感的影响。在野外，它们是相互合作的群居动物。只有当每只猴子感到自己没有受到欺骗时，这种合作才可能稳定。不公平而引起的愤怒感似乎不是人类的专利。拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以让这些情绪准确无误地传达给其它成员。但是这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成，还是来自三千五百万前他们共同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。 2005 Passage 2 Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves. There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report “Science never has all the answers .But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.” Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now. Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”. To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures .A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that [A]. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death. [B]. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant. [C]. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life. [D]. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as [A]. a protector. [B]. a judge. [C]. a critic. [D]. a guide.28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4) [A]. Endless studies kill action. [B]. Careful investigation reveals truth. [C]. prudent planning hinders. [D]. Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about [A]. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants. [B]. Raise public awareness of conservation. [C]. Press for further scientific research. [D]. Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because [A]. they both suffered from the government's negligence. [B]. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former. [C]. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former. [D]. both of them have turned from bad to worse. 重点词汇：prudent adj. 谨慎的。It's prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out. 在寒冷的天气下外出时带上件厚外套是谨慎的。名词形式prudence n. 审慎。记忆：rude 粗鲁的，无礼的，p不-rude粗鲁的-ent形容词后缀paralysis n. 瘫痪, 麻痹。 para-侧面。参见2003年Text 2。paraphrase  （n.v.释意）即para+phrase，para-前缀表“在旁边、辅助”，phrase即“短语；用短语表达”，故“用短语辅助表达”→释意。以para-为前缀的单词还有paragraph（文章的段、节；短评）←para+graph写；parameter（参数）←para+meter计量；parasite（寄生虫）←para+site地点。analysis  n. 分析, 分解。记忆：an-a-lysis，后缀同上，分析成一个an,a。联想：反义词synthesis n. 综合, 合成take the legislative initiative take the initiative 带头,开始着手 took the initiative in trying to solve the problem.开始着手试图解决这个问题initiative  n. 主动。 名词形式initiate vt. 开始, 发动, 传授 v. 开始, 发起legislative  adj. 立法的, 立法机关的 n. 立法机关。参见1999 Passage 4 。legislation  （立法；法规）看作leg+is+lat(e)+ion，leg词根“法律”（参allegation宣称，2003年Text 2），is是，late迟的，-ion名词后缀，“法律是迟的”→旧法律难以适应新事物→所以要不断“立法”→“立法”之产物即“法规”。 难句解析： ①The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.主干部分是The latest was a panel，表语panel后接有两个定语成分：from的介词短语和含enlisted的过去分词，即“白宫召集的、来自国家科学院的专家团”，其中第二个定语成分中又包含一个不定式结构，表目的，即“为了告诉我们……而召集的（专家团）”。翻译：最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。②But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”该句子的主干是由and连接的两个并列从句，前一分句的主干是science…provide us with…guide；后一分句的主干是it is critical，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句的主干是our nation and the world base…policies on…judgments，judgments后接有两个定语结构，一是that引导的定语从句，一是concerning分词结构。翻译：但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。③Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。该句子的主干是voices now come from many quarters；句首Just as结构做比较状语，意为“正如…一样”；insisting 引导的分词结构做定语修饰主语voice，分词结构中含有两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的真实主语是不定式结构to keep…翻译：就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。 试题解析：第二篇文章是一篇一般的时事性文章，这也是一篇类比，考完了以后很多考生说这篇文章讲抽烟，其实不是的，作者讲抽烟是想说明现在的温室效应，也是一种类比，许多人抽烟没有人去管，因为缺乏足够的证据,咱们各国政府也不管温室效应, 也是同样的原因。中心讲的是世界各个政府对温室效应的解决的态度，篇章的关键词围绕这样三个问题展开，第一个就是证据不充足。第二是科学的意义。第三是制定法律，尤其最后三段大量出现立法和法规的现象，26题选C， 27应该选D，科学应该作为一个指导性，是答案是根据文章第2段的最后两句话。28题是猜单词题，单词所在的句子的意思是有些人总要科学证据，结果抹杀了行动。所以选A。29答案选择D，采取某种法律措施，法律在最后的段落重复的最多。30题作者谈的抽烟的教训对我们温室处理也是一样的，选B。全文翻译：还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据，科学也不确定的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？许多美国人相信了这些胡言乱语，在三十多年中，差不多有一千万烟民早早的进了坟墓。 现在出现了与吸烟类似的令人感到难过的事情。科学家们前仆后继，试图使我们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁。最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。明确的信息表明是我们应该立刻着手保护自己。国家科学院院长Bruce Alberts在专家团报告的前言中加上了这一重要观点：“科学解答不了所有问题。但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。 就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断的排放气体。这是一个危险的游戏；到了有百分之百的证据的时候，可能就太晚了。随着风险越来越明显，并且不断增加，一个谨慎的民族现在应该准备一份保单了。幸运的是，白宫开始关注这件事了。但是显然大多数总统顾问并没有认真看待全球气候变暖这个问题。他们没有出台行动计划，相反只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究――这是一个经典的“分析导致麻痹案例”。 为了成为地球上有责任心的一员，我们必须积极

2015考研英语（一）参考答案（完整版）2015考研文都教育2014-12-27 18:04我要分享23I cloze1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、seeII Reading comprehensionPart A21.D ended his reign in embarrassment.22. C owing to the undoubted and respectable status23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.25. D Carlos, a lesson for all Monarchies26. C check suspect's phone contents without being authorized.27.A disapproval28.A getting into one's residence29. C citizens' privacy is not effectively protected30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.B marked33. D set an example for other journals34. C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papers36. D the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37. A more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38. C was hardly convincing39. B generally distorted values40. D moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperPart B41.Cifyouareunfamiliar...42.Eyoumakefurtherinferences...43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.Bfactorssuchas...45.Aarewestudyingthat ...Part C46）在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。47）美国是两种主要力量的产物——即思想习俗、民族特色各异的欧洲移民和修改这些特征的新国家的影响的产物。48）但由于美国特有的地理条件,不同民族的相互作用,以及维护原始老式方式的纯粹困难,新大陆引起了重大变化。49）在15—16世纪北美探索的一百多年之后，运往该领土—即当今的美国—的第一船移民横渡了大西洋。50）拥有丰富多样树种的原始森林是一个真正的宝库，它从缅因州一直延伸到乔治亚州。III WritingPart ADear club members,As the next reading session is scheduled to be launched in two days, it’s a great honor for me to take the opportunity to present you a book worth reading—The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith.Through reflection over economics at the beginning of Industrial Revolution, the writer has elaborated on the fundamental principles of capitalism at work with insightful conceptions and eloquent speeches. Besides, the book has stood the test of time by repeated quotations and critical reviews from following researchers, exerting profound influences on anyone engaged in the field of capitalist market.I believe reading such a classical book from an authoritative writer will produce a life-enriching and thought-provoking effect for all club members.Yours sincerely,Li MingPart BAs is depicted above, a number of young people are having a gathering of friends, but instead of talking with each other, each of them is addicted to his or her mobile phone. The lower part of the picture, we can see some Chinese characters which read “the meeting in mobile-phone era”.Undoubtedly, the author of the picture aims at reminding us of the double edge of the cell phone. It is well known that thanks to the development of human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. A case in point is the mobile phones. We must admit that the smart phone indeed dramatically changes our life. However, if used improperly, the mobile phones also can bring unhealthy side-effects, and imperil face to face communication between people. It is not too much to say that being over-addicted to mobile phones will cost our health, wisdom, creativity, friendship and even our ability to live.Weighing the pros and cons of both sides, perhaps the best policy is to regulate it in such a way as to maximize its advantages. At the same time, we must avoid its harmful part. Furthermore, young people should be advised that spending too much time in using smart phones is bad for them.

考研英语作文内容具体如下：

（一）英语一大小作文真题题目。

英语一小作文题目是邀请英国大学的一位教授组队来中国参加国际创新大赛。大作文图画内容是在一 个讲座的海报前，有两个学生在讨论，其中一个女生想去听，但是另一个同学认为和专业没啥关系，不用去听。

关于主题，同学们可以写“广阔的视野（broad vision） ”或者也可以写“我们应该拓宽视野”（We are supposed to broaden our horizons） 。

（二）英语二大小作文真题题目。

英语二小作题目是向本校留学生介绍校园美食节并邀请他们参加。大作文今年考题为柱状图，内容 是从2018年到2020年总快递件数和农村快递件数的变化。

2018年：总快递件数51,农村快递件数12 ； 2019年：总快递件数63,农村快递件数15； 2020年：总快递件数84,农村快递件数30。单位10亿。 快递的英文可以用express。