中华文化孔子英语

Confucius is a famous thinker and educator in Chinese history and the founder of Confucian school.

Kong Zi is a famous thinker and educator in Chinese history. It is the founder of the Confucian school.

Confucius (551 years before the Sept.28 479 BC April 11 ),styled Zhong Ni.Middle child,the Han people,the Spring and Autumn period of the State of Lu.Confucius was a great thinker of ancient China and educator,founder of Confucianism,one of the world's most famous cultural figures.Compilation of China's first chronological history books,"Spring and Autumn." According to the records,Confucius was born in Lu Yi Zou,Changping Town (now southeast of Qufu City,Shandong Province town of Nan Xin Lu Yuen Estate)。Confucius died ,at age 73, buried in Surabaya on the north of Qufu, which today Konglin location.Words and deeds of Confucius thought the main body of essays contained in the quotations from "The Analects" and the Qin and Han saved under the "Historical Records family of Confucius."

Confucius (born Kong Qiu, styled Zhong Ni) was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu in 551 B.C., a poor descendant of a deposed noble family. As a child, he held make-believe temple rituals; as a young adult, he quickly earned a reputation for fairness, politeness and love of learning, and he was reputed to be quite tall. He traveled extensively and studied at the imperial capital, Zhou, where he is said to have met and spoke with Lao Zi, the founder of Daoism. Upon his return to Lu, he gained renown as a teacher, but when he was 35, Duke Zhao of Lu led his country to war, was routed and fled to the neighboring country of Qi; in the disorder following the battle, Confucius followed. Duke Zhao frequently came to him for advice, but upon counsel of one of his ministers, he decided against granting land to Confucius and gradually stopped seeking his counsel. When other nobles began plotting against Confucius' position, Duke Zhao refused to intervene, and Confucius returned to Lu. But conditions there were no better than before, and Confucius retired from public life to concentrate on teaching and studying.At age 50, he was approached by the Baron of Qi to help defend against a rebellion, but he declined. He was later made a city magistrate by the new Duke of Lu, and under his administration the city flourished; he was promoted several times, eventually becoming Grand Secretary of Justice and, at age 56, Chief Minister of Lu. Neighboring countries began to worry that Lu would become too powerful, and they sent messengers with gifts and dancers to distract the duke during a sacrifice holiday. When the duke abandoned his duties to receive the messengers, Confucius resigned and left the country.Confucius spent the next five years wandering China with his disciples, finding that his presence at royal courts was rarely tolerated for long before nobles would begin plotting to drive him out or have him killed. He was arrested once and jailed for five days, and at 62 he was pursued, along with his disciples, into the countryside by a band of soldiers sent by jealous nobles, until he was able to send a messenger to the sympathetic king of a nearby country, who sent his own soldiers to rescue them. Once again, Confucius was to be given land but was denied it upon counsel of another high minister. After further wanderings, he eventually returned to Lu at age 67. Although he was welcomed there and chose to remain, he was not offered public office again, nor did he seek it. Instead he spent the rest of his years teaching and, finally, writing. He died at 72.孔子(名秋 字仲尼)生于鲁国邹村在我国公元前551年, 元老废黜了一个贫苦家庭高贵. 作为一个孩子,他认为地以为庙祭; 作为一个年轻的成年人,他很快赢得美誉公平、 礼貌、爱学习,他被誉为是相当高大. 他走遍了研究和广泛的帝国首都周 据说他曾与交谈老子,道家创始人. 返回卢,他赢得声威当老师,但是当他35岁 赵吕公爵率领乌加战争是落花流水逃往邻国齐; 在混乱的战斗后,孔子之后. 杜克赵常找他请教,但他的一名律师在部长会议 他决定对孔子逐渐停止批地给他的律师求. 当其他贵族开始密谋对付孔子地位杜克赵拒绝介入,孔子返鲁. 但没有任何条件比以前更好、离退休孔子退隐专心教学和学习. 50岁时,他遇见了男爵齐协防打击叛乱,但他拒绝. 他后来被新县长作了一个城市格洛斯特路 而在他主政全市蓬勃开展; 升任几次,终于成为大政司司长, 年仅56岁,首席部长鲁. 周边国家开始担心,将成为卢太强大 送信、送礼物、跳舞,他们分散在公爵牺牲假期. 当公爵遗弃职务领取送信,孔子辞职,离开该国. 未来5年内花费孔子与弟子中徘徊, 法院认定他出席皇家贵族很少容忍多久便开始密谋把他或他杀死. 他被捕入狱后五天,他是在62追求,随着他的弟子, 到郊外一阶士兵发出嫉妒贵族, 直到他能够体谅国王派遣使者到邻近的国家, 当年送自己的士兵拯救. 再次,孔子得到它的土地,但遭到拒绝后,高律师另一个大臣. 进一步漫游后,他终于回到鲁年仅67. 虽然他并没有选择留欢迎,他没有向公职再次 他也不求. 而他花了他多年的教学和休息,最后写作. 他死在72.

孔子收到美国「世界汉学国际研讨会」的请柬， 邀他在开幕典礼后作专题演讲。孔子十分高兴， 准备先去印一盒名片。文具店老板见圣人来了， 异常恭敬，问清楚名片要中英文对照， 就对孔子说：「英文的一面，不知该怎麼称呼？」「不是有现成的Confucius吗？」孔子反问。「那是外国人对您老的尊称，把『孔夫子』拉丁化的说法。」老板笑笑说，「您老不好意思自称『孔夫子』吧？」「那倒是的。」孔子想到自己平常鼓吹谦虚之道， 不禁沉吟起来。「那，该怎麼印呢？」「杜甫昨天也来过，」老板说。「哦，他的名字怎麼印的？」孔子问。「杜先生本来要印Tu Fu，」老板说，「我一听表示不好，太像『豆腐』了。」杜先生说，「那就倒过来，叫 Fu Tu好了。」我说，「那更不行，简直像『糊涂』！」「那怎麼办？」孔子问。「后来我就对诗圣说：『您老不是字子美吗？子美，子美……有了！』杜甫说：『怎麼有了？』我说：『杜子美，就叫Jimmy Tu吧！』」孔子笑起来，叫一声「妙！」「其实韩愈也来过，」老板又说。「真的呀？」孔子更好奇了。「他就印Han Yu吧？」「本来他要这样的，」老板说。「我一听又说不行，太像 Hang you了。韩老说，那『倒过来呢？』我说，「You hang？那也不行。不是『吊死你』就是『你去上吊吧』，太不雅了！」「那后来呢？」孔子问。「后来呀，」老板得意洋洋，「还是我想到韩老的故乡，对他说：『您老不是韩昌黎吗？』他说『对呀』，我说就印Charlie Han好了！」「太好了，太好了！」孔子笑罢，又皱起眉头说，「他们都解决了，可是我到底怎麼印呢？」老板想了一下，叫道，「有了！」「怎麼样？」孔子问。「您老不是字仲尼吗？」老板笑道。「对呀，」孔子满脸期待。老板大声道「而且还曾周游列国，那就 印 Johnny Walker 好了！」

孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家,教育家,是儒家学派的创始人Confucius is a famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in Chinese history 儒家学派 [词典] Confucian School; [例句]韩非作为法家学派的代表，对于儒家学派多有责难和排斥。As a representative of Legalists, Han Fei censures and eliminates Confucianism a lot.

孔子(前551年9月28日～前479年4月11日)名丘，字仲尼，英文：Confucius, Kung Tze 。俄语：Конфуций 。兄弟排行第二,所以也有人称之为“孔老二”。春秋后期鲁国人，汉族。公元前551年9月28日（夏历八月二十七日）生于鲁国陬邑昌平乡（今山东省曲阜市东南的鲁源村）；公元前479年4月11日（农历二月十一日）逝世，享年72岁，葬于曲阜城北泗水之上，即今日孔林所在地。 他的祖先是宋国贵族，大约在孔子前几世就没落了。孔子年轻时做过几任小官，但他一生大部分时间都是从事教育，相传所收弟子多达三千人，贤人72,教出不少有知识有才能的学生，“桃李满天下”就出自此处 。孔子为春秋末期伟大的思想家、政治家、教育家，儒家思想的创始人，任鲁国司寇；后携弟子周游列国；最终返鲁，专心执教。在中国五千年的历史上，对华夏民族的性格、气质产生最大影响的人，就算是孔子了。在世时已被誉为“天纵之圣”、“天之木铎”“千古圣人”，是当时社会上最博学者之一，并且被后世尊为至圣（圣人之中的圣人）、万世师表。因父母曾为生子而祷于尼丘山，故名丘，曾修《诗》、《书》，定《礼》 、《乐》，序《周易》，作《春秋》。孔子的思想及学说对后世产生了极其深远的影响。姜广辉认为，“面对春秋时期诸侯争战不休、人民困苦不堪的现实,孔子不是象宗教家那样,创造出一个外在的超越的全知全能的救世主,通过天启和神谕来规范人们的思想和行为,而是回首历史,到上古“圣王”那里去寻找智慧。孔子自谓 “述而不作”，实际是以“述”为“作”，通过对历史传统作当代诠释，来实现价值的叠加和转换。他正直、乐观向上、积极进取，一生都在追求真、善、美，一生都在追求理想的社会。他的成功与失败，无不与他的品格相关。他品格中的优点与缺点，几千年来影响着中国人，特别是影响着中国的知识份子。 政治生涯 孔子自20多岁起，就想走仕途，所以对天下大事非常关注，对治理国家的诸种问题，经常进行思考，也常发表一些见解，到30岁时，已有些名气。鲁昭公二十年，齐景公出访鲁国时召见了孔子, 与他讨论秦穆公称霸的问题, 孔子由此结识了齐景公。鲁昭公25年，鲁国发生内乱，鲁昭公被迫逃往齐国，孔子也离开鲁国，到了齐国，受到齐景公的赏识和厚待，甚至曾准备把尼溪一带的田地封给孔子，但被大夫晏婴阻止。鲁昭公27年，齐国的大夫想加害孔子，孔子听说后向齐景公求救，齐景公说：“吾老矣，弗能用也。”孔子只好仓皇逃回鲁国。当时的鲁国，政权实际掌握在大夫的家臣手中，被称为“陪臣执国政”，因此孔子虽有过两次从政机会，却都放弃了，直到鲁定公9年被任命为中都宰，此时孔子已 51岁了。孔子治理中都一年，卓有政绩，被升为小司空，不久又升为大司寇，摄相事，鲁国大治。鲁定公12年，孔子为削弱三桓（季孙氏、叔孙氏、孟孙氏三家世卿，因为是鲁桓公的三个孙子故称三桓，当时的鲁国政权实际掌握在他们手中，而三桓的一些家臣又在不同程度上控制着三桓），采取了堕三都的措施（即拆毁三桓所建城堡）。后来堕三都的行动半途而废，孔子与三桓的矛盾也随之暴露。鲁定公13年，齐国送80名美女到鲁国，季桓氏接受了女乐，君臣迷恋歌舞，多日不理朝政，孔子非常失望，不久鲁国举行郊祭，祭祀后按惯例送祭肉给大夫们时并没有送给孔子，这表明季氏不想再任用他了，孔子在不得已的情况下离开鲁国，到外国去寻找出路，开始了周游列国的旅程，这一年，孔子55岁。 孔子带弟子先到了卫国，卫灵公开始很尊重孔子，按照鲁国的俸禄标准发给孔子俸粟6 万，但并没给他什么官职，没让他参与政事。孔子在卫国住了约10个月，因有人在卫灵公面前进谗言，卫灵公对孔子起了疑心，派人公开监视孔子的行动，于是孔子带弟子离开卫国，打算去陈国。路过匡城时，因误会被人围困了5日，逃离匡城，到了蒲地，又碰上卫国贵族公叔氏发动叛乱，再次被围。逃脱后，孔子又返回了卫国，卫灵公听说孔子师徒从蒲地返回，非常高兴，亲自出城迎接。此后孔子几次离开卫国，又几次回到卫国，这一方面是由于卫灵公对孔子时好时坏，另一方面是孔子离开卫国后，没有去处，只好又返回。 鲁哀公2年（孔子59岁），孔子离开卫国经曹、宋、郑至陈国，在陈国住了三年，吴攻陈，兵荒马乱，孔子便带弟子离开，楚国人听说孔子到了陈、蔡交界处，派人去迎接孔子。陈国、蔡国的大夫们知道孔子对他们的所作所为有意见，怕孔子到了楚国被重用，对他们不利，于是派服劳役的人将孔子师徒围困在半道，前不靠村，后不靠店，所带粮食吃完，绝粮7日，最后还是子贡找到楚国人，楚派兵迎孔子，孔子师徒才免于一死。孔子64岁时又回到卫国，68岁时在其弟子冉求的努力下,被迎回鲁国，但仍是被敬而不用。鲁哀公16年，孔子73岁，患病，不愈而卒。 思想品格 发愤忘食，乐以忘忧 孔子63岁时，曾这样形容自己：“发愤忘食，乐以忘忧，不知老之将至。”当时孔子已带领弟子周游列国9个年头，历尽艰辛，不仅未得到诸侯的任用，还险些丧命，但孔子并不灰心，仍然乐观向上，坚持自己的理想，甚至是明知其不可为而为之。 安贫乐道 孔子说：“不义而富且贵，于我如浮云”，在孔子心目中，行义是人生的最高价值，在贫富与道义发生矛盾时，他宁可受穷也不会放弃道义。但他的安贫乐道并不能看作是不求富贵，只求维护道，这并不符合历史事实。孔子也曾说：“富与贵，人之所欲也；不以其道，得之不处也。贫与贱，人之所恶也；不以其道，得之不去也。”“富而可求也，虽执鞭之士，吾亦为之。如不可求， 从吾所好。” 学而不厌，诲人不倦 孔子以好学著称，对于各种知识都表现出浓厚的兴趣，因此他多才多艺，知识渊博，在当时是出了名的，几乎被当成无所不知的圣人，但孔子自己不这样认为，孔子曰：“圣则吾不能，我学不厌，而教不倦也。” 孔子学无常师，谁有知识，谁那里有他所不知道的东西，他就拜谁为师，因此说“三人行，必有我师焉”。 直道而行 孔子生性正直，又主张直道而行，他曾说：“吾之于人也，谁毁谁誉？如有所誉者，其有所试矣。斯民也，三代之所以直道而行也。”《史记》载孔子三十多岁时曾问礼于老子，临别时老子赠言曰：“聪明深察而近于死者，好议人者也。博辩广大危其身者，发人之恶者也。为人子者毋以有己，为人臣者毋以有己。”这是老子对孔子善意的提醒，也指出了孔子的一些毛病，就是看问题太深刻，讲话太尖锐，伤害了一些有地位的人，会给自己带来很大的危险。 与人为善 孔子创立了以仁为核心的道德学说，他自己也是一个很善良的人，富有同情心，乐于助人，待人真诚、宽厚。“己所不欲，毋施于人”、“君子成人之美，不成人之恶”、“躬自厚而薄责于人” 等第，都是他的做人准则。 学术贡献 孔子思想、学说的精华，比较集中地见诸于《论语》一书，共二十篇，一万一千余字。《论语》就是孔子的语录，也有一些是对孔子弟子言行的记录，是孔子及其再传弟子对孔子言行的追记。此书对中国历史产生了深远而巨大的影响。它的思想内容、思维方式、价值取向都早已融入了我们民族的血液，沉淀在我们的生命中，铸成了我们民族的个性。《论语》一书集中阐述了儒家思想的核心内涵----仁。“仁”是一切理论的中心，所有的关于“仁”、“乐”的规范，都不过是手段，是为实现“仁”这一道德的最后完美服务的。《论语》作为中华文化的代表，早在秦汉时期就传入了朝鲜和日本，日本〈大宝令〉还指定它为日本学生的必修课。1594年，传教士利玛窦将它译为拉丁文后，它又被转译为意、法、德、英、俄等多种文字，在西方各国广泛传播。 孔子其思想以“仁”核心，以为“仁”即“爱人”。提出“己所不欲，勿施于人”，“己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人”等论点，提倡“忠恕”之道，又以为推行“仁政”应以“礼”为规范：“克己复礼为仁”。对于殷周以来的鬼神宗教迷信，采取存疑态度，以为“未知生，焉知事鬼”，“不知命，无以为君子也”。又注重“学”与“思”的结合，提出“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆”和“温故而知新”等观点。首创私人讲学风气，主张因材施教，“有教无类”，“学而不厌，诲人不倦”，强调“君子学道则爱人，小人学道则易使也”。政治上提出“正名”主张，以为“君君、臣臣、父父、子子”，都应实副其“名”，并提出“不患寡而患不均，不患贫而患不安”观点。自西汉以后，孔子学说成为两千余年封建社会的文化正统，影响极深。 说到治理国家，孔子重视民生疾苦，呼唤仁政，希望统治者以仁义之心待民，他说“苛政猛于虎”，他还强调无论什么法令法规，统治者都要首先以身作则，“其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不行”。在人际交往中，孔子强调的是忠和恕。“忠”就是以忠实诚信的态度对人，以恪尽职守的态度待事；“恕”就是要推己及人，“己所不欲，勿施与人”，“君子成人之美，不成人之恶”。在为人处世上，孔子提倡自爱和爱人。孔子对天命持谨慎态度，他更相信人自己的力量。他认为“性相近也，习相远也”，一切要看个人后天的努力。当然，〈论语〉中也有一些思想是与历史潮流相背离的，如他政治上的复古倾向，他对等级、秩序的过分强调，他的内敛的人格价值取向等，这一切都不可否认的给中国社会的发展带来了负面影响，需要我们用现代意识对之加以修正。但瑕不掩瑜，在人类文明刚刚露出曙光的先秦时代，我们的祖先就具有如此深刻的生命智慧，是足以让我们这些后人为之骄傲的。 教育贡献 文化巨人——孔子，自“而立”之年即以《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》为教，更以他至伟人格中的一言一行，一动一静而示范为教。是他开了我国历史上私人讲学的先河，将以前学在官府，文化知识是贵族们的专利的现象，移植到民间。他首先提出“有教无类”的方针，不分贫贱富贵，均可以在他那里受教。在弟子中，贫如颜回，富如子贡，贵如孟懿子，然绝大多数是平民子弟，有来自卫、齐、陈、吴……等国的，真可谓桃李满天下。其教学目的，是传他的人道学说。即克己复礼为仁，变化学生气质，成就人格，提高生命境界，终至成物。也即造就治国、平天下的栋梁之材。并采用“因材施教”和启发式的方法，培养学生的“学而时习之”，“温故而知新”，“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆”，“知之为知之，不知为不知”，“三人行必有我师”，“不耻下问”……等风范。更以他诲人不倦的精神，对学生入如慈母般地关怀备至，如严父般地导以正道，如朋友般地切磋相长，莫不因其才而成就之。如子羔之愚，曾参之鲁，子张之偏激，子路之粗鄙……均成大器。尤以曾子能得道之全体而任传道之责，成为宗圣。更有佼佼者分德行：颜回、闵子骞、冉伯牛、仲弓。语言：宰我、子贡。政事：冉求、子路。文学：子游、子夏四科共十人。孔子共有弟子三千。身通六艺者七十有二。故能将浩瀚的传统文化推广和流传下来。

Confuius's given name is Qiu, also styled Zhongni. He was born in QuFu, China, 551 B.C., and died in 479 B.C.. Confucius founded confuciansism--the famous philosophical school in the history of China. The kernel of his thought is Ren(benevolence), its form of expression is Li(the Rites). Confucius travlled from one state to another preaching his doctrines until he was old. He spent his last years in compiling and editing. His works include Book of Spring and Autumn, Book of Odes, Book of History, Book of Rites, Book of Music and Book of change. These six books regarded as the classical works of Confucianism have been handed down to the present time. He founded the first private school in Chinese history. He was the teacher of 3,000 disciples among whom 72 were Sages. His major sayings were written down in Lun Yu (The Analects), one of the Four Books.

Confucius:Chinese philosopher whose Analects contain a collection of his sayings and dialogues compiled by disciples after his death. 孔子：中国哲学家，其著作论语 包含了他生前的学说和他死后由其门徒编纂而成的言论

One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human's behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it's about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K'ung Ch'iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.