小超人0606
一. 定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二. 引导定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三. 定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四. 关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）
The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）
2.which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）
The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）
3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如：
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）
Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？
正在与李明谈话的'老师是谁？（作宾语）
注意：
（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，whom，that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away.
她居住的城市非常远。
（4）关系词只能用that的情况：
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
b. 被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词指物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？
c. 先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.
这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying？
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
f. 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which，例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：
What’s that which is under the desk？
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
b. 关系代词前有介词时，which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他居住的房间。
c. 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指事物时，用which， 而不用that，例如：
Tom came back， which made us happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
五. 关系副词的用法
1. when指时间，其先行词表示时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语。例如：
This was the time when he arrived.
这是他到达的时间。
2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语。例如：
This is place where he works.
这是他工作的地点。
3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，why在定语从句中做原因状语。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
嘚啵嘚啵的sissi
定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。
英语定语从句例子一
1.The Chinese knots ,which I made by myself with red silk thread and other material, look really beautiful in the shape of diamond. （2013年广西卷）
2. I will organize some campus activities, like “English Evening”, a platform where students can show their English （2013年天津卷）
3.I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. (2012全国卷)
4. In the English corner, I meet many friends, who share the same interest with me. (2012·全国卷Ⅱ)
5. My physics teacher is my role model, whose influence on me had a lot to do with my decision.（2012安徽卷）
6. To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoy a harmonious life. （2012江苏）
7. As we know, books are the source of knowledge. (2012·湖北)
8. Dear friends , please actively take part in after-class activities , which will not only make your school life colorful , but also improve your learning.（2011四川卷）
9. I have taken with me the two books (that) you asked me to return to the City Library. (2009全国I)
10.The reason why we have to grow trees is that they supply us fresh air.
11. I always miss the days when we were on the summer camp last year.
12. It's time to recall those beautiful days we spend together. （2007年湖南卷）
英语定语从句例子二
1.He,who knows nothing but pretends to know
everything,is indeed a good-for-nothing.
不懂装懂,永世饭桶.
2.He that is ill to himself will be good to nobody.
人不自爱,焉能爱人?
3.He laughs best who laughs last.
谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好.
4.He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.
从不犯错误的人一事无成.
5.He that can read and meditate will not find
his evenings long or life tedious.
会读书思索的人不会感到长夜无聊或生活乏味.
6.He that gains time gains all things.
谁赢得时间,谁就赢得一切.
7.He is the best general who makes the fewest
mistakes.—Hamilton
错误犯得最少的将军就是最好的将军.——汉密尔顿
8.He who nothing questions,nothing learns.
什么也不问的人什么也学不到.
9.He that is master of himself will soon be
master of others.
能自制者方能制人.
10.He that travels far knows much.
行万里者,见多识广.
11.He that cannot ask cannot live.
万事不求人,哪里能生存?
12.A friend is someone who knows all about
you and still loves you.
英语定语从句例子三
朋友就是这样的人——他了解你的一切而仍然喜欢你.
【 并列式定语从句 】 (1) The owner of the housewhosewife is dead,whoseson works in New Yorkandwhowants to go and live with him, is willing to sell the house at a low price. 这幢房子主人的妻子已过世，儿子在纽约工作，他想搬去和儿子一起生活，所以愿意以低价出售此房。
(2) Mr. Smith,whohas a good command of French and Englishbutwhodoesn’t know Chinese, finds it difficult to study Chinese literature. 史密斯先生精通法语和英语，但对中文则一无所知，所以他发现研究中国文学很困难。
(3) This is the house inwhichthe famous man lived,whichyou visited 10 years agoandwhichbecomes a museum now. 这就是那位名人居住过的房子，10年前你参观过，现在成了博物馆。
【 复合式定语从句 】 (1) She had a bookwhichshe believed was bought by her father at a dear price. 她有一本父亲送她的书，她相信是父亲花了大价钱专门买来送她的。
(2) She has an adopted childwhoshe says was an orphan. 她有一个养子，据她所言，这个孩子以前是个孤儿。
(3) Can you mention anyonethatwe know who is so talented as he? 在我们认识的人中，你说还有谁像他一样有才华？
(4) She is the only girlthatI knowwhocan play the guitar. 她是我所认识的唯一会弹吉他的.女孩。
(5) Is there anything else (that) you'd like (that) you don't see on the shelves? 有没有别的你喜欢的东西，现在架子上还没有？
▲此外，你说的 high in fat，意为“在脂肪方面含量高”。例如：
Ice cream is high in fat and sugar. 冰激凌的脂肪和糖分含量很高。
A diet high in fat may lead to obesity.一个人的饮食含脂肪过多会导致肥胖。
Eating too much food which is high in fat and sugar will result in heart illness.吃过多高脂肪和高糖类的食物会导致心脏疾病。
