pipeline商务英语

国际商务英语学科考试复习要点Lesson 1 International Business商务术语：FDI GDP BOT patent copyright value chain franchising (紫色书10-11页)考点：国际商务贸易的主要类型（major types of international business） A．Trade（贸易）： a. commodity trade (商品贸易,也叫有形贸易visible trade ) b. service trade (服务贸易, 也叫无形贸易invisible trade) B. Investment (投资): a. foreign direct investment (FDI 外国直接投资) b. portfolio investment (证券投资) C. Other types (其他类型): a. licensing and franchising (国际许可与特许经营) b. management contract and contract manufacturing (管理合同和承包生产)翻译练习:1. 随着经济全球化的发展,无形贸易即使在发展中国家的国际贸易中所占的比例也逐渐增大With the development of economic globalization, invisible trade accounts for an increasing proportion of the world trade even in the developing countries2. BOT是 “交钥匙”工程的一种流行的变通形式BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey projectLesson 2 Income Level and the World Market商务术语:GNP PPP ( purchasing power parity 购买力平价) Staple goods (大路货) creditor country ( 债权国) (紫色书25页)考点:国民生产总值和国内生产总值 (GNP 和GDP)GNP: refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economyGDP: refers to the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.Per capita income (人均收入): It is calculated by dividing its national income by its populationTriad and Quad (三方组合和四方组合): A. United States B. Western Europe C. Japan D. Canada翻译练习:1. 国民生产总值和国内生产总值体现了一个国家的全部收入,在衡量国民收入方面可以互换使用。GNP and GDP indicate a country’s total income. They can be used interchangeably to measure the level of its national income.2. 欧盟作为三方组合的一个分支，在使我们的市场多元化方面起着相当重要的作用EU, as one leg of Triad, plays an important role in the respect of diversifying our marketLesson 3 Regional Economic Integration商务术语: tariff rates(关税率) settlement (协议) cartel (卡特尔) free trade area NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement北美自由贸易协定) 紫色书41页考点:1. 地区一体化的主要目标 (Major objectives of regional integration)To better enjoy the benefit of free flow of goods, services, capital, labor and other resources, at the same time possibly put up barriers to economic activities with non-members2. 地区经济一体化的四个层次( Four levels of regional economic integration)A. Free trade area (自由贸易区)----经济一体化程度低,内部团结,但各成员对外采用各自的贸易政策B. Customs Union (关税同盟)---所有成员对外都实行相同的贸易政策C. Common market (共同市场)---共同的对外政策,生产要素也在各成员国间流动D. Economic union( 经济联盟)----经济一体化程度最高, 共同的对外政策,生产要素也 . 在各成员国间流动, 统一协调各国在经济金融领域的 国内政策,统一货币 3. 掌握EU (欧洲联盟) , APEC(亚太经济合作组织). OPEC (石油输出国组织) 翻译练习:1. 共同市场具有使商品, 服务,劳动力甚至资本,技术在各成员国之间自由流通的特点.The common market is characterized by the free flow of capital and technology besides goods, services and labor.2. 欧盟是一个机构齐全的实体,其历史可以追溯到1952年.The European Union is a full-fledged entity, whose history dates back to 1952.Lesson 4 Economic Globalization商务术语:Shareholders（股东）， board of directors（董事会）， parent company（母公司）， affiliate（子公司）， day-to-day running（日常管理）， multinational corporation（跨国公司）， home country（母公司所在国）， host country（东道国）紫色书63-64页考点：1． 经济全球化的基本特征和优劣势：A． Basic feature：a. free flow of commodity，capital， technology，service and information b. optimized allocation of resources（资源优化配置）B. Advantages and negative impacts:Advantages: a. new impetus and opportunities to world economic development b. mutual benefits from economic boomsNegative impacts: a. make countries more vulnerable to the adverse events across the global b. not balanced benefits3. 跨国公司 (multinational corporations)A. organization---parent and affiliates (组织----母公司与子公司)B. features: a. enormous size b. wide geographical spread (广阔的地域分布) c. needs ,goals and roles (需要, 目标和作用): profits, securityC. four types: a. multi-domestic corporation b. global corporation c. transnational corporation d. world company4. 翻译:a. 经济全球化使得各国经济更容易受到全球各地不利事件的伤害。Economic globalization is making the various economies more vulnerable to the adverse events across the globe.b. 安全对任何一个跨国企业而言都极为重要,因为没有安全,跨国企业组织的生存便无法保证。Security is extremely important to any MNE because without it, an MNE’s survival can never be assured.Lesson 5-6 International Trade (1) (2)商务术语: services(劳务), primary commodities(初级产品), absolute advantage(绝对利益), comparative advantage(比较利益), quota(配额), customs union(关税同盟), ad valorem duty(从价税), specific duties(从量税), drawback(退税), MFN(最惠国待遇), non-tariff barrier(非关税壁垒).紫色书: 90页 110页考点:1. 国际贸易的定义(definition):It refers to the exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another2. 国际贸易的两个缘由( Two reasons for international trade)a. the uneven distribution of natural resources among countriesb. international specialization(国际专业化)3. 国际专门化的两个理论(Two theories for international specialization)a. The theory of absolute advantage(绝对利益理论):a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land, and labour)b. The theory of comparative advantage(相对对利益理论):Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of producing both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.4. 关税壁垒和非关税壁垒( tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers)a. tariff barriers: export duty(进口税), import duty(出口税), ----specific duties 从量税 ad valorem duty. 从价税 Compound duty 混合税b. non-tariff barriers: quotas----the most common form of non-tariff barriers5. 翻译练习a. 比较优势理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石Comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international tradeb．关税壁垒是限制贸易最常见的形式 Tariff barriers are the most common forms of trade restriction.Lesson 7 Incoterms 2000商务术语：EDI (电子数据交换)，customers clearance (结关)，dispatch (发运)，ICC（国际商会）Roll-on-roll-off(滚装滚卸), incoterms (国际贸易通则)，FOB(起运港船上交货价)， CFR (成本加运费价)，CIF (成本加运费加保险费价) 紫色书132-133页考点:1.《国际贸易术语解释通则》的必要性和目的 The necessity and purpose of having IncotermsThe purpose of INCOTERMS is to provide a set of international rules for the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade and avoid uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries.3. 三个最常用术语 (The three most commonly used terms)FOB: Free on Board 装运港船上交货CFR: Cost and Freight 成本加运费CIR: Cost, Insurance and Freight 成本,保险费,加运费翻译练习:a. 折扣是指卖方按照商品的原价给买方以一定比率的价格减让Discount means that sellers offer to buyers a certain percentage of reduction on the original price.b. 买卖双方在制定合同时,如果有理解一致的具体规则可供参照,他们就肯定能简单可靠地确定各自的责任If, when drawing up their contract, buyer and seller have some commonly understood rules to specifically refer to, they can be sure of defining their respective responsibilities simply and safely.Lesson 8 Business Contract商务术语:Inquiry(询盘,询价), quotation(报价单), validity period(有效期), offer(发盘), counter-offer(还盘), offeree(收盘人), sales confirmation(销售确认书), Consignment(寄售), fore majeure(不可抗力), business line(业务范围), contract proper(合同正文), article number(货号).紫书150-151页考点:1.合同的定义(definition)A contract is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties2.谈判过程及签定合同(the process of negotiation and the conclusion of the contract)inquiry--quotation---> offer and acceptance-counter-offer3.合同的种类(The types of contracts)a. sales contractb.purchase contractc.sales confirmation4. 合同的构成(the setting up of a contract)a. the title (合同名称)b. the contract proper(合同正文)c. The signature of the contracting parties(缔约双方签字)d. The stipulations on the back of the contract(合同背面的规定)翻译练习:a. 在实盘情况下,我们通常保留有效期三天 In case of firm offers, we usually keep our offers open for three daysLesson 9 Modes of Trade商务术语:Counter trade(对销贸易), hyperinflation(极度通货膨胀), Reichstock（德国国家银行），protectionism（贸易保护主义），Clearing system(票据交换制度), net positions(净头寸), compensation trade(补偿贸易), barter(易货贸易), counter purchase(互购贸易)Buyback(回购贸易), centrally planned economies(中央计划经济国家), processing trade(加工贸易), consignment(寄售贸易), leasing trade(租赁贸易)，aution(竞卖／拍卖), agency(代理) 174-175页考点：1.对销贸易的主要优点(major advantages of counter trade)a. helping to deal with foreign exchange shortagesb. promoting exportsc, reducing uncertainty regarding export receiptsd.bypassing international price agreemente. helping countries with debt problems to import goods3. 对销贸易的缺点(the drawbacks of counter trade)a. very risky business (conceal the real prices and costs of transactions)b. Companies may suffer losses because they could not get rid of products of poor qualityc. a form of proctectionism翻译练习a. “互相捆绑”是易货贸易,回购贸易和互惠贸易的共同特征“Bundling” is the feature common to barter, counter purchase and buyback.b. 作为一种捆绑贸易,对销贸易一般是在成熟市场经济国家和市场机制不完善的国家间发生的贸易As a type of bundled trade, counter trade generally takes place between mature market economies and economies with imperfect market institution..Lesson10 International Payment商务词汇: debtor(债务人), debit(收方/借方), financial standing(财务状况), credit worthiness(信誉), periodic payment(分期付款), cash in advance(预付现金),usance draft(远期汇票), documentary draft(跟单汇票), clean draft(光票), documentary collection(跟单托收), D/P(付款交单), D/A(承兑交单).194-195页考点:1. 国际贸易支付的复杂性(the complexity of payment in international trade):Mutual trust is hard to build. Both the exporter and the importer face various political risks, commercial risks etc.2. 在一定条件下的两种支付方法:a. cash in advance or partial cash in advance (预付现金和部分预付现金) b.open account(记账交易) 3. 汇票(the draft/ bill of exchange)a. definition: an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the futureb. sign draft and usance draft (即期汇票和远期汇票)c. clean draft (光票:汇票不附单据) and documentary draft (跟单汇票:随同汇票一起的有相关的单据,如提单,发票,保险单)4. 跟单拖收 (documentary collection)a. D/P: 付款交单: documents will not be released to the importer until payment is effectedb. D/A: 承兑交单: documents handed over to the importer upon his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the exporter翻译练习:a. 许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的,汇票是对银行或顾客的支付命令A lot of international transactions are paid for by means of the draft that is an order to a bank or a customer to payb. 即期汇票要求受票人见到汇票后立即付款A sight draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.Lesson11-12 Credit (1),(2)商务术语:Applicant (申请人), opening bank(开证行), corresponding bank(关系行), advising bank(通知行), confirming bank(保兑行). Reimburse(付款), unit price(单价), partial shipment(分批装运). Clean credit(光票信用证), revocable credit(可撤消信用证), irrevocable credit(不可撤消信用证). Maturity(到期日,偿还日), capital turnover(资金周转率), face value(面值), discount(贴现), deferred payment(延期付款), revolving credit(循环信用证). 紫色书220页 345页考点:1.信用证独特的具有代表性的特征 The bilateral security—双边保证2.信用证的相关当事人及其在信用证业务中的作用---联系淘宝的例子 A. the applicant (开证) B. the opening bank(开证行) C. the advising bank(通知行) D. the negotiating bank(议付行) E. the confirming bank(保兑行)4. 信用证的局限性(limitation)a. inability to provide absolute securityb. being more expensive than other forms of payment翻译练习1. 信用证的目的是通过银行信誉为国际支付提供便利The objective of an L/C is to facilitate international payment by means of the creditworthness of the bank.2. 信用证极大地方便并促进了国际贸易,然而它并不能给缔约双方提供绝对安全The letter of credit has greatly facilitated and promoted international trade. However, it can not provide absolute security for the contracting parties.Lesson13 Major Documents Required in World Trade商务术语:Documents(单据), take delivery of (提货), bill of lading(提单). Consignee(收获人), air bill(空运提单), cargo receipt(铁路运单), commercial invoice(商业发票), certificate of quality(品质证书). Insurance policy(保险单) 紫色书上269页考点:1,主要单据 (major types of documents)a. commercial invoice 商业发票b. packing list 装相单c. the bill of lading 提单d.insurance policy and insurance certificate 保险单和保险证书e.various certificate 其它各种证书翻译练习:1. 提单的签发日期绝不能晚于信用证所规定的时间The date when the bill of lading is issued can by no means be later than that stipulated in the credit2. 货物一装上船,请即电告收发人You are requested to notify the consignee by cable as soon as the goods are shipped.Lesson14 International Transportation商务术语:Finished products (制成品), deregulation(撤消管制规定), productivity(生产率), cost economies(成本节约), intermediate products(中间产品), natural product provinces(产品自然领域), Inventory(存货,库存), freight transportation(货物运输) 紫色书292页考点:1.五种主要运输方式 The five major modes of transportation Water ,rail, truck, pipeline, and air2.改变运输业的四大因素 The four factors that are substantially changing transportationa. transportation deregulationb. just-in-time inventory systemsc. competition based on high level of customer serviced. globalization of business翻译练习:a.在当前市场竞争十分激烈的情况下,出口商必须加快货运,以快取胜At a time when competition is fierce, exporters can beat their competitors by speeding up shipment.b.运输对工业社会的发展和运行起着至关重要的作用Transportation is fundamental to the development and operation of an industrial society.Lesson15-16 Insurance (1), (2)商务术语:Insured(保户), Insurer(承保人), margin(保险金), underwriter(保险商), pool(共同款项), cargo insurance(运输保险), marine insurance(海上保险), indemnity(赔偿), ruin(损失), insurable interests(可保险权), principle of utmost faith(最大诚信原则), forwarding charge(远期费用) 紫色书 307,322页考点:1.保险的定义(definition)’It can be defined as a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk 2.保险的三个主要原则(Three main principles of insurance)a. insurable interestb. utmost good faithc. indemnity两个辅助原则(two sub-principle of insurance)a. contributionb. suborgation翻译练习:a. 货物保险通常有火险, 海上保险和意外事故保险 Cargo insurance includes fire, marine and accident insurance.b. 没有可保利益的保险合同是无效的。而任何根据这类合同提出的所赔都不会受理An insurance contract without an insurable interest to support it is invalid and any claim made upon it will not be entertainedLesson 17 The International Monetary System and Exchange Rate商务术语：Change of rate（汇率），gold standard（金本位），reserve currency（储备货币）， clean float（自由浮动），dirty float（有干预浮动），discount（贴现），medial rate（中间价）考点：1汇率（exchange rate）A． fixed exchange rateB． flexible exchange rateC． major factors influencing exchange rate： a international balance of payment b.inflation c.interest rateD. Common measures for intervention in exchange rate a. buying or selling foreign currency b. raising or lowering discount rate c. foreign exchange control翻译练习: 尽管国际收支账面平衡,但在有错误与遗漏项目时,差额是非常庞大的,每一项都会有盈余或赤字,如果在3年或5年期间盈余抵消了亏损.则仍然认为国际收支是平衡的。While the balance of payment is always in accounting balance，the odds are astronomical that it would be so without the statistical discrepancy item. There would be a surplus or a deficit in almost every case, but the balance of payment would nevertheless be considered in equilibrium if over three-to-five year period the surpluses more or less canceled out the deficits.从18-20课,商务术语请参照紫色书上每课后面的商务词汇复习,记一些常见的Lesson 18 International Financial Organization重点: 1.The world bank group(世界银行集团)a.组成: IBRD, IDA, IFC, IMF.MIGAb.目标: to help raise standards of living in developing countries by channeling financial resources to them from developed countries2.IBRD(国际复兴开发银行)a. source of capital: member countriesb.financing of its lending operation: from the world capital marketsc.target countries: developing countries at more advanced leveld,basic rules governing its operation: for productive purpose/ repayment3. IDA(国家开发协会): targets: the poorer developing countries, basic rules governing its operation: no interests4. IFC(国际金融公司):Function: to assist the economic development of less-developed countries5. MIGA(多边投资担保机构):Mandate：to encourage equity investment and other direct investment flows to developing countries6．IMF（国际货币基金组织）a．the importance of the quotab．function：providing temporary financing for countries suffering cyclical，seasoned or random shocks that would weaken its currency.翻译练习:不同于世界银行,国际开发协会无法从竞争的资本市场上筹集资金,取而代之的是它靠发达国家和一些欠发达国家捐赠的资金。Unlike the world bank, the IDA cannot raise capital in competitive capital markets and depends instead on subscription donated by the developed countries and some undeveloped countries.Lesson19-22(刚上课不久, 简概)1.对外直接投资的主要因素 major factors for undertaking FDI 紫书3792.对外直接投资的形式 forms of FDI 紫书3823. 政券交易所的作用 the role of stock exchange 紫书401国内普通股市包括的三个市场 Three areas for the Domestic Equity Market紫书402-4034. WTO与 GATT 的区别 紫书4225, WTO与China( achievements and challenges) 紫书424-4266贸发会的目标 objectives of UNCTAD 紫书4537贸发会的组织 organization of UNCTAD紫书454祝发家考试成功!

Pore-Improve Muffler Manual一、Value and hallmark The noise maked by steam boiler and other Thermal Power Equipment ia more in excess of the rul of "Noise health standards of industrial enterprises" . So, our company has produced utility steam mufflers series to use to power generation, chemical industry, metallurgy and textile.This series is developed according to the principle of anti-, sprayed and resistance. The advantage is large amount of noise reduction, small size, light weight and ease installation. According to different purpose, our company has produced the flowing model mufflers.1. Exhaust filters ignition Mufflers (TB) To hold down noise, there are many model of muffler in the world. Many of those used the principle of multi-level expenditure buck. Becouse of structural complexity, weight, to overhaul the disintegration, the application is very limited. Our production has got over these faults.This series is designed by the most comprehensive muffler principles. High-pressure steam in the muffler flows into the buck body before the first controlled, formde a low-pressure steam and emittde. In the procedure, the airflow internal energy, converted into a frequency of the sound energy partly, while the noise was pared heavily, the noise also more over than the level because of exhaust higher than the design value. Therefore, a double-deck structure resistance acoustic enclosures has designed out of buck. The muffler comes to 6 muffler. If installed according to require, the muffler volume can up to 36-45 dB.2. Security doors steam muffler（TA）As we all know, for the security doors of boiler we should avoid too much noise and make sure the airflow emission freely in process of exhaust. Therefore, the common muffler with multi-level choke and hole injection should net be used. Such restrictions have always been a design difficulty of security gate muffler. It’s also the reason that poor muffler of the security door muffler. This series is also developed according to the principle of anti-, sprayed and resistance. Thereof, 6 muffler expansion insteads of small-diameter hole flow, the anti-, sprayed and resistance effect has strengthened in the structure to achieve the desired muffler effect.3. Low-pressure steam muffler (TD)There are many low-pressure (lower 0.13Mpa) boilers industrial-mining enterprises. In the thermal power station system, there are also many low-pressure thermal devices, for example, the counter-pressure steam turbine, deaerator, auxiliary ventilation, turbo pumps, boiler sequence sewerage, regular sewage and so on. The equipment requirements of the exhaust pipe require the light structure and more convenient install muffler. Silencer for different target, our company has designed the dedicated muffler to meet customer’s requirements.4. Soot-blowing pipe muffler (TC) After installation and maintenance, cleaning up the pipeline is must be done. 3 muffler structure has used in TC muffler, which is also developed according to the principle of anti-, sprayed and resistance and fixed the design of TB and TA in the structure.二、Select manual1、The muffler our company produced has three model: ①TB muffler: use to the high, medium pressure boiler ignition-exhaust muffler.②TA muffler: use to the high, medium pressure security doors steam emissions muffler.③TD muffler: use to steam exhaust muffler of the variety of following 0.16 MPa boiler, deaerator, counter-pressure steam turbine and the rest of the installation of auxiliary power plant.2、Model mode I--------II--------III(Ⅰ) It Composed by two or three English lettersThe first letter means structure features of mufflerT----Pore-improve muffler The second letter means muffler targetB---- Ignition boiler exhaust and other artificial exhaustA---- Security doorsD---- Low-voltage-Hole muffler When the equipment is used to some special purpose, there is the third English lowercase letter. b---- Counter-pressure steam turbiney----Deaerator(Ⅱ) It means the absolute pressure of steam boiler(Ⅲ) The molecular means boiler evaporation, denominator means that muffler exhaust volume3、Selection ExampleTB Series: “TB-13-20/10(over)”Used to the emissions of N3 turbine, 20T/H low-pressure superheated steam boiler. 13at boiler pressure, 20T/H evaporation and 10T/H exhaust volume.4、Selection Tips The equipments are designed according to the steam emissions targets and emissions requirements of users. Therefore, only the products meet to emissions targets, emissions of steam parameters and consistent, it can come to the desired results. So, the following information must be offered:① Turbine models, capacity boiler, steam pressure and temperature② The use of targets③ Emissions④ The the original diameter, thickness of exhaust pipe⑤ If you need to install design, the exhaust pipe installation plans should be provided.三、Installation Notice1、Muffler should be installed perpendicular to the plant top, with steel brackets to fix muffler blocks and plant.2、In order to increase wind resistance, silencer-bearing support has been used. So, in front of the muffler exhaust pipe, it should have a period of expansion bend to absorb heat expansion.3、The reduced water pipes or drainage hole has been designed at the bottom of muffler body.4、If exhaust pipe through the plant platform hole, a rain-cover should be made up by thin steel plate.5、For security doors, in principle, a security door which has single-seat and two-seater is distributed a muffler. For the two-seater, the exhaust pipe can be fixed into a main pipe when installed.6、For the deaerator, radio exhaust-gas-emission exhaust and other small muffler, the shape was designed as tubular to light installation. The outfall of muffler should towards to the direction of the roof. It should be noted that the muffler factory has been fixed stent. If it used a sliding installed stent, the fixed stent can not to be used.7、The connection between muffler and exhaust pipe can be welded or with flange.

常用商务电话英语:请问你找谁？ Who would you like to speak to? 请问你找谁？ May I help you? 他不在办公室 He is not in the office! 他今天休息，不上班 = He is off today, so he won't be in the office. 你可以打他的手机 = You can call him by his cellphone. 现在是午休时间，他不在办公室 = It is lunch break at the moment, he is not in the office. 他1点半上班，到时再打他电话。= He will be back at one-thirty, please call back later. 他出去了，一小时后回来。 = He is out, he will be back in an hour. 我不太会说英语，很抱歉。 = I don't speak much English, I'm sorry. 他还未到，5分钟后可以找到他。 = He is not here yet, but he will be back in five minutes. 他正过来，请稍等 = He is coming, please wait. 物流英语常用50句:1．Modern logistics is one of the most challenging and exciting jobs in the world. 现代物流是世界上最富挑战性和最激动人心的工作。 2．Logistics is part of a supply chain. 物流是供应链的整体组成部分。 3．Logistics is anything but a newborn baby. 物流不是新鲜事。 4．Logistics is a unique global “pipeline”. 物流是独特的全球通道。 5．Logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information. 物流所涉及的是物料和信息有效、快速的流动。 6．Logistics operation and management include packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory control, transport, forecasting, strategic planning, customer service, etc. 物流操作和管理包括包装、仓储、物料搬运、库存控制、运输、预测、战略计划和客户服务等方面。 7．Logistics consists of warehousing, transportation, loading and unloading, handling, carrying, packaging, processing, distribution and logistics information. 物流由仓储、运输、装卸、搬运、包装、加工、配送和物流信息所组成。 8．Logistics may be divided into supply logistics, production logistics, distribution logistics, returned logistics and waste material logistics. 物流可以分成供应物流、生产物流、销售物流、回收物流和废弃物物流。 9．Logistics is now the last frontier for increasing benefits in industrial production.. 物流是当今工业生产增加利润的最后领域。 10．Logistics is unique, and it never stops! 物流是独特的，它从不停止。 11．Logistics performance is happening around the globe, twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week and fifty-two weeks a year. 物流运作一天24小时、一周7天、一年52星期在全球发生。 12．Logistics is concerned with getting products and services where they are needed and when they are desired. 物流所涉及的是在需要的时候和在需要的地方去的产品和服务的活动。 13．Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements. 物流是计划实施和控制商品的快速、高效流动和储存，以及从源头到消费的服务和信息的全过程，以满足客户的需求。 14．Logistics is a hot topic in China。 中国掀起了物流热。 15．The overall goal of logistics is to achieve a targeted level of customer service at the lowest possible total cost. 物流的总目标是以最低的总成本实现客户服务的目标水平。 16．It is important that persons involved in day-to-day logistics work have a basic understanding of logistics. 重要的是，从事日常物流工作的人员应对物流有个基本的了解。 17．Logistics must be managed as a core competency. 物流必须作为一个核心能力来管理。 18．Logistics competency directly depends on a firm’s strategic positioning. 物流能力是有一家公司的战略定位直接决定的。 19．Logistics service is a balance of service priority and cost. 物流服务是服务优先与成本间的平衡。 20．A lot of books on logistics, either in Chinese or in English, were published in 2002. 2002年出版了大量的中、英文物流书籍。 21．There is great room for logistics development in China. 在中国，物流发展有巨大的空间。 22．I wish to make logistics my lifetime career. 我愿把物流作为我的终生事业。 23．ABC classification is quite useful in inventory control. ABC分类管理在库存控制方面十分有用。 24．The JIT production system was developed by the Toyota Motor Company about 50 years ago. 准时制生产是大约50年前由丰田汽车公司开发出来。 25．Just-in-time (JIT) techniques are sometimes referred to as just-in-time production,just-in-time purchasing and just-in-time delivery. 准时制技术有时称为准时制生产、准时制采购和准时制交付。 26．The key to JIT operations is that the demand for components and materials depends on the finalized production schedule. 准时制作业的关键是对配件和物料的需求根据最终生产进度来决定。 27．There are five basic modes of transportation. They are water transport, rail transport, truck transport, air transport and pipeline transport. 基本运输方式有五种，他们是水陆运输、铁路运输、汽车运输、航空运输和管道运输。 28．Transportation is a vital component in the design and management of logistics systems. 运输是物流系统设计和管理中至关重要的组成部分。 29．If you keep an overstock of the inventory, expenses will incur not only in warehousing, but also in many other aspects, such as the capital cost and interest accruing to it, taxes, insurance and obsolescence cost. 如果过量库存，不仅会造成仓库费用而且在很多方面会产生费用，如资产成本和它所产生的利息，以及税收、保险和商品变成陈旧物的成本。 30．Packing can be divided into industrial packaging and consumer packaging. 包装可以分成工业包装和消费包装两种。 31．Packaging about protect the goods against damages during handling, storing and transportation. 包装应能保护货物在搬运、储存和运输过程中免受损坏。 32．Due to improper packing, the goods are terribly damaged. 由于包装不善，货物严重受损。 33．Things like plastic, steel and glass can be recycled to reduce production cost so that natural resources are saved. 塑料、钢铁和玻璃这样的物品能回收利用以降低生产成本、节约自然资源。 34．Both buyers and suppliers can benefit a lot from the reduction in the number of suppliers. 买卖双方都能从减少供应商的数量上获取许多利益。 35．Just-in-time strategy ensures that while minimizing inventory levels, materials are made available for production. 准时制战略确保在降低库存水平的同时能得到生产所需的物料。 36．The goal of just-in-time purchasing is zero inventory. 准时制采购的目标是零库存。 37．Information is crucial to the performance of a supply chain. 信息对供应链的运作是至关重要的。 38．Setting inventory levels requires downstream information from customers on demand, upstream information from suppliers on availability and information on current inventory levels.制定库存水平需要下游客户需求信息、上游供应链可供信息和当前的库存水平信息。 39．The idea of supply chain management was first put forward in the 1980s. 供应链管理的理念最初在20世纪80年代提出。 40．Supply chain management means the design, planning and control of the information flow, material flow and cash flow with a view to strengthening competitiveness. 供应链管理就是对信息流、物料流和资金流进行设计、计划和控制以增强竞争力。 （或：供应链管理是指为增强竞争力而对信息流、物料流和资金流进行的设计、策划和控制） 41．Maritime shipping is an important link in international logistics service. 海洋运输是国际物流服务的重要环节。 42．There are two types of shipping markets: the liner market and the tramp market. 航运市场分为两类：班轮运输和不定期船运输。 43．A Container Load Plan is of five copies, each of which is to be given respectively to the terminal, the carrier, the shipping agent, the shipper and the party that stuffs the container. 集装箱装箱单一式五份，分别交给集装箱码头、承运人、船务代理、托运人和装箱人。 44．After the cargo is stuffed into a container, it is handed to the container yard (CY) to be loaded on board according to the stowage plan. 货物装箱后，就拖运到集装箱堆场并根据积载图装上船。 45．A container terminal connects sea and land, transferring containers to and from ships. It is capable of handling containers more quickly, economically, accurately and in greater volumes than conventional ports. 集装箱码头连接陆运和海运，经船上装运集装箱。在装卸搬运上，集装箱码头比普通杂货码头更快、更经济、更准确、吞吐量更大。 46．Information is a key to the success of logistics. 信息是物流成功的关键。 47．Warehousing is not a new business, but it has gained new functions in modern logistics. 仓储不是新的行业，但他在现代物流中有了新的功能。 48．Inventory control can effectively reduce logistics cost.库存控制能有效地降低物流成本。 49．Packing and sorting are two activities in logistics. 包装和分拣是物流中的两项活动。 50．A supply chain is defined as a network composed of factories, suppliers, retailers and so on that supply each other with raw materials, components, products and service. 供应链的定义是一个互相提供原材料、配件、产成品和服务的由工厂、供应商、零售商等组成的网络

备考BEC必背商务英语词汇

BEC，指的是剑桥商务英语资格考试;剑桥系列考试中专为学习者提供的国际商务英语资格证书考试，考察真实工作环境中英语交流能力。下面是我整理的商务英语词汇，希望能帮到大家!

petty cash n. 零用现金

phase out n. 分阶段停止使用

pick v. 提取生产用零部件或给顾客发货 picking list n. 用于择取生产或运输订货的表格 pie chart n. 饼形图 pilot n. 小规模试验 pipeline n. 管道，渠道

plant capacity n. 生产规模，生产能力 plot v. 标绘，策划

plough back n. 将获利进行再投资 point of sale (POS) n. 销售点 policy n. 政策，规定, 保险单

portfolio n. (投资)组合 portfolio management n. 组合证券管理 post n. 邮件，邮局;职位 position n. 职位

potential n. 潜在力，潜势 power n. 能力

purchasing power 购买力

PR=Public Relations 公共关系

preference shares n. 优先股 price n. 价格

market price 市场价，市价 retail price 零售价

probation n. 试用期 product n. 产品

production cycle n. 生产周期 production schedule n. 生产计划 product life cycle n. 产品生命周期

product mix n.产品组合(种类和数量的组合) productive adj. 生产的，多产的 profile n. 简介形象特征 profit n. 利润 operating profit n. 营业利润 profit and loss account n. 损益账户 project v. 预测 promote v . 推销 promotion n. 提升，升级 proposal n. 建议，计划 prospect n. 预期，展望

prospectus n. 计划书，说明书 prosperity n. 繁荣，兴隆 prototype n. 原型，样品 publicity n. 引起公众注意 public adj. 公众的，公开的 go public 上市

public sector 公有企业 publicity n. 公开场合，名声，宣传 publics n.公众，(有共同兴趣的)人或社会人士punctual adj. 准时的 punctuality n. 准时

purchase v. & n. 购买

purchaser n. 买主，采购人 QC(=Quality Circle) n. 质检人员 qualify v. 有资格，胜任

qualified adj. 有资格的，胜任的，合格的 qualification n. 资格，资格证明 quality n. 质量

quality assurance n. 质量保证 quality control 质量控制，质量管理

quarterly adj./adv. 季度的，按季度 questionnaire n. 调查表，问卷 quote n. 报价，股票牌价 quotation n. 报价，股票牌价

R&D Research and Development 研究与开发 radically adv. 根本地，彻底地

raise n.(美)增薪v.增加，提高;提出，引起 range n. 系列产品 rank n./v. 排名 rapport n. 密切的关系，轻松愉快的气氛 rate n. 比率，费用 fixed rate 固定费用，固定汇率 going rate 现行利率，现行汇率 rating 评定结果 ratio n. 比率 rationalize v. 使更有效，使更合理 raw adj. 原料状态的，未加工的

raw material n. 原材料 receive v. 得到 receipt n. 收据 receiver n. 接管人，清算人 accounts receivable 应收帐

receivership n. 破产管理 recession n. 萧条 reckon v. 估算，认为

recognize v. 承认 reconcile v. 使……相吻合，核对，调和 recoup v. 扣除，赔偿 recover v. 重新获得，恢复

recovery n. 重获，恢复 recruit v. 招聘，征募 n. 新招收的人员 recruitment n. 新成员的吸收 red n. 红色 in the red 赤字，负债

reduce v. 减少 reduction n. 减少 redundant adj. 过多的，被解雇的 redundancy n. 裁员，解雇 reference n. 参考，参考资料

reference number (Ref. No.) 产品的参考号码 refund n./v. 归还，偿还 region n. 地区

reimburse v. 偿还，报销

reject n./v. 拒绝 reliability n. 可靠性

relief n. 减轻，解除，救济 relocate v. 调动，重新安置 remuneration n. 酬报，酬金 rent v. 租 n. 租金

rep (代表)的缩写 report to v. 低于(某人)，隶属，从属 reposition v. (为商品)重新定位 represent v. 代表，代理 representative n. 代理人，代表 reputation n. 名声，声望

reputable adj. 名声/名誉好的 reserves n. 储量金，准备金 resign v. 放弃，辞去 resignation n. 辞职 resistance n. 阻力，抵触情绪 respond v. 回答，答复 response n. 回答，答复 restore v. 恢复

result/results n. 结果，效果 retail n./v. 零售 retailer n. 零售商 retained earnings n. 留存收益 retire v. 退休 retirement n. 退休

return n. 投资报酬

return on investment (ROI) n. 投资收入， 投资报酬 revenue n. 岁入，税收 review v./n. 检查 reward n./v. 报答，报酬，奖赏 rework v. (因劣质而)重作 risk capital n. 风险资本 rival n. 竞争者，对手 adj.竞争的 rocket v. 急速上升，直线上升，飞升 ROI Return on Investment 投资利润 roughly adv. 粗略地 round adj. 整数表示的，大约 round trip 往返的`行程

royalty n. 特许权，专利权税 run v. 管理，经营 running adj. 运转的 sack v. 解雇 sales force 销售人员 sample n. 样品v. 试验;抽样检验 saturation n. (市场的)饱和(状态) saturate v. 饱和 save v. 节省，储蓄 savings n. 存款

scale n. 刻度，层次 scapegoat n. 替罪羊

scare adj. 缺乏的，不足的 scrap n. 废料或废品 seasonal adj. 季节性的

section n. 部门 sector n. 部门 securities n. 债券及有价证券 segment n. 部分v. 将市场划分成不同的部分 segmentation n. 将市场划分成不同的部门 semi-skilled adj. 半熟练的 settle v. 解决，决定 settlement n. 解决，清偿，支付 service n. 服务，帮佣 services n. 专业服务 settle v. 安排，支付 set up v. 创立 share n. 股份

shareholder n. 股东

shelf-life n. 货架期(商品可以陈列在货架上的时间

shift n. 轮班

showroom n. 陈列室

simulation n. 模拟 shop n. 商店

closed shop 限制行业(只允许本工会会员)open shop 开放行业(非会员可从事的工作)shop steward 工会管事 shop floor 生产场所

shortlist n.供最后选择的候选人名单v. 把……列入最后的候选人名单 sick leave 病假

sick note 病假条 sick pay 病假工资

skilled employee n. 熟练工人

skimming n. 高额定价，撇奶油式定价

slogan n. 销售口号 slump n. 暴跌

a slump in sales 销售暴跌 soft-sell n.劝诱销售(术)，软销售(手段) software n. 软件

sole adj. 仅有的，单独的

sole distributor 独家分销商 solvent adj. 有偿付能力的 sourcing n. 得到供货 spare part n. 零部件 specification n. 产品说明 split v. 分离

spokesman n. 发言人

sponsor n. 赞助者(为了商品的广告宣传) spread n. (股票买价和卖价的)差额 stable adj. 稳定的 staff n. 职员

stag n. 投机认股者v. 炒买炒卖 stagnant adj. 停滞的，萧条的 statute n. 成文法 statutory adj. 法定的 steadily adv. 稳定地，平稳地 stock n. 库存，股票 stock exchange n. 证券交易所

stockbroker n. 股票经纪人 stock controller 库房管理者 storage n. 贮藏，库存量

strategy n. 战略 streamline v. 精简机构，提高效率 stress n. 压力，紧迫 strike n. 罢工 structure n. 结构，设备

subcontract v. 分包(工程项目)，转包 subordinate n. 下级adj.下级的 subscribe v. 认购 subsidiary n. 子公司

subsidize v. 补贴，资助 subsidy n. 补助金

substantially adv. 大量地，大幅度地 summarize v. 概括，总结 superior n. 上级，长官 supervisor n. 监督人，管理人 supervisory adj. 监督的，管理的 supply n./v. 供给，提供 survey n 调查

(转载）Computer Vocabulary In Common Use 硬件类(Hardware) 软件类(Software) 网络类(Network) CPU(Center Processor Unit)中央处理单元 mainboard主板 RAM(random access memory)随机存储器(内存) ROM(Read Only Memory)只读存储器 Floppy Disk软盘 Hard Disk硬盘 CD-ROM光盘驱动器(光驱) monitor监视器 keyboard键盘 mouse鼠标 chip芯片 CD-R光盘刻录机 HUB集线器 Modem= MOdulator-DEModulator,调制解调器 P-P(Plug and Play)即插即用 UPS(Uninterruptable Power Supply)不间断电源 BIOS(Basic-input-Output System)基本输入输出系统 CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)互补金属氧化物半导体 setup安装 uninstall卸载 wizzard向导 OS(Operation Systrem)操作系统 OA(Office AutoMation)办公自动化 exit退出 edit编辑 copy复制 cut剪切 paste粘贴 delete删除 select选择 find查找 select all全选 replace替换 undo撤消 redo重做 program程序 license许可(证) back前一步 next下一步 finish结束 folder文件夹 Destination Folder目的文件夹 user用户 click点击 double click双击 right click右击 settings设置 update更新 release发布 data数据 data base数据库 DBMS(Data Base Manege System)数据库管理系统 view视图 insert插入 object对象 configuration配置 command命令 document文档 POST(power-on-self-test)电源自检程序 cursor光标 attribute属性 icon图标 service pack服务补丁 option pack功能补丁 Demo演示 short cut快捷方式 exception异常 debug调试 previous前一个 column行 row列 restart重新启动 text文本 font字体 size大小 scale比例 interface界面 function函数 access访问 manual指南 active激活 computer language计算机语言 menu菜单 GUI(graphical user interfaces )图形用户界面 template模版 page setup页面设置 password口令 code密码 print preview打印预览 zoom in放大 zoom out缩小 pan漫游 cruise漫游 full screen全屏 tool bar工具条 status bar状态条 ruler标尺 table表 paragraph段落 symbol符号 style风格 execute执行 graphics图形 image图像 Unix用于服务器的一种操作系统 Mac OS苹果公司开发的操作系统 OO(Object-Oriented)面向对象 virus病毒 file文件 open打开 colse关闭 new新建 save保存 exit退出 clear清除 default默认 LAN局域网 WAN广域网 Client/Server客户机/服务器 ATM( Asynchronous Transfer Mode)异步传输模式 Windows NT微软公司的网络操作系统 Internet互联网 WWW(World Wide Web)万维网 protocol协议 HTTP超文本传输协议 FTP文件传输协议 Browser浏览器 homepage主页 Webpage网页 website网站 URL在Internet的WWW服务程序上 用于指定信息位置的表示方法 Online在线 Email电子邮件 ICQ网上寻呼 Firewall防火墙 Gateway网关 HTML超文本标识语言 hypertext超文本 hyperlink超级链接 IP(Address)互联网协议(地址) SearchEngine搜索引擎 TCP/IP用于网络的一组通讯协议 Telnet远程登录 IE(Internet Explorer)探索者(微软公司的网络浏览器) Navigator引航者(网景公司的浏览器) multimedia多媒体 ISO国际标准化组织 ANSI美国国家标准协会 able 能 activefile 活动文件 addwatch 添加监视点 allfiles 所有文件 allrightsreserved 所有的权力保留 altdirlst 切换目录格式 andfixamuchwiderrangeofdiskproblems 并能够解决更大范围内的磁盘问题 andotherinFORMation 以及其它的信息 archivefileattribute 归档文件属性 assignto 指定到 autoanswer 自动应答 autodetect 自动检测 autoindent 自动缩进 autosave 自动存储 availableonvolume 该盘剩余空间 badcommand 命令错 badcommandorfilename 命令或文件名错 batchparameters 批处理参数 binaryfile 二进制文件 binaryfiles 二进制文件 borlandinternational borland国际公司 bottommargin 页下空白 bydate 按日期 byextension 按扩展名 byname 按名称 bytesfree 字节空闲 callstack 调用栈 casesensitive 区分大小写 causespromptingtoconfirmyouwanttooverwritean 要求出现确认提示,在你想覆盖一个 centralpointsoftwareinc central point 软件股份公司 changedirectory 更换目录 changedrive 改变驱动器 changename 更改名称 characterset 字符集 checkingfor 正在检查 checksadiskanddisplaysastatusreport 检查磁盘并显示一个状态报告 chgdrivepath 改变盘/路径 china 中国 chooseoneofthefollowing 从下列中选一项 clearall 全部清除 clearallbreakpoints 清除所有断点 clearsanattribute 清除属性 clearscommandhistory 清除命令历史 clearscreen 清除屏幕 closeall 关闭所有文件 codegeneration 代码生成 colorpalette 彩色调色板 commandline 命令行 commandprompt 命令提示符 compressedfile 压缩文件 configuresaharddiskforusewithmsdos 配置硬盘,以为 MS-DOS 所用 conventionalmemory 常规内存 copiesdirectoriesandsubdirectorie***ceptemptyones 拷贝目录和子目录,空的除外 copiesfilththearchiveattributeset 拷贝设置了归档属性的文件 copiesoneormorefilestoanotherlocation 把文件拷贝或搬移至另一地方 copiesthecontentsofonefloppydisktoanother 把一个软盘的内容拷贝到另一个软盘上 copydiskette 复制磁盘 copymovecompfindrenamedeletevervieweditattribwordpprintlist C拷贝M移动 O比 F搜索R改名 D删除 V版本 E浏览A属性 W写字 P打印 L列表 copyrightc 版权(c createdospartitionorlogicaldosdrive 创建DOS分区或逻辑DOS驱动器 createextendeddospartition 创建扩展DOS分区 createlogicaldosdrivesintheextendeddospartition 在扩展DOS分区中创建逻辑DOS驱动器 createprimarydospartition 创建DOS主分区 createsadirectory 创建一个目录 createschangesordeletesthevolumelabelofadisk 创建,改变或删除磁盘的卷标 currentfile 当前文件 currentfixeddiskdrive 当前硬盘驱动器 currentsettings 当前设置 currenttime 当前时间 cursorposition 光标位置 defrag 整理碎片 dele 删去 deletepartitionorlogicaldosdrive 删除分区或逻辑DOS驱动器 deletesadirectoryandallthesubdirectoriesandfilesinit 删除一个目录和所有的子目录及其中的所有文件 deltree 删除树 devicedriver 设备驱动程序 dialogbox 对话栏 directionkeys 方向键 directly 直接地 directorylistargument 目录显示变量 directoryof 目录清单 directorystructure 目录结构 diskaccess 磁盘存取 diskcopy 磁盘拷贝 diskservicescopycomparefindrenameverifyvieweditmaplocateinitialize 磁盘服务功能: C拷贝 O比较 F搜索R改卷名V校验 浏览E编缉M图 L找文件 N格式化 diskspace 磁盘空间 displayfile 显示文件 displayoptions 显示选项 displaypartitioninFORMation 显示分区信息 displaysfilesinspecifieddirectoryandallsubdirectories 显示指定目录和所有目录下的文件 displaysfilthspecifiedattributes 显示指定属性的文件 displaysorchangesfileattributes 显示或改变文件属性 displaysorsetsthedate 显示或设备日期 displayssetupscreensinmonochromeinsteadofcolor 以单色而非彩色显示安装屏信息 displaystheamountofusedandfreememoryinyoursystem 显示系统中已用和未用的内存数量 displaysthefullpathandnameofeveryfileonthedisk 显示磁盘上所有文件的完整路径和名称 displaysthenameoforchangesthecurrentdirectory 显示或改变当前目录 doctor 医生 doesn 不 doesntchangetheattribute 不要改变属性 dosshell DOS 外壳 doubleclick 双击 doyouwanttodisplaythelogicaldriveinFORMationyn 你想显示逻辑驱动器信息吗(y/n)? driveletter 驱动器名 editmenu 编辑选单 emsmemory ems内存 endoffile 文件尾 endofline 行尾 enterchoice 输入选择 entiredisk 转换磁盘 environmentvariable 环境变量 esc esc everyfileandsubdirectory 所有的文件和子目录 existingdestinationfile 已存在的目录文件时 expandedmemory 扩充内存 expandtabs 扩充标签 explicitly 明确地 extendedmemory 扩展内存 fastest 最快的 fatfilesystem fat 文件系统 fdiskoptions fdisk选项 fileattributes 文件属性 fileFORMat 文件格式 filefunctions 文件功能 fileselection 文件选择 fileselectionargument 文件选择变元 filesin 文件在 filesinsubdir 子目录中文件 fileslisted 列出文件 filespec 文件说明 filespecification 文件标识 filesselected 选中文件 findfile 文件查寻 fixeddisk 硬盘 fixeddisksetupprogram 硬盘安装程序 fixeserrorsonthedisk 解决磁盘错误 floppydisk 软盘 FORMatdiskette 格式化磁盘 FORMatsadiskforusewithmsdos 格式化用于MS-DOS的磁盘 FORMfeed 进纸 freememory 闲置内存 fullscreen 全屏幕 functionprocedure 函数过程 graphical 图解的 graphicslibrary 图形库 groupdirectoriesfirst 先显示目录组 hangup 挂断 harddisk 硬盘 hardwaredetection 硬件检测 ha**een 已经 helpfile 帮助文件 helpindex 帮助索引 helpinFORMation 帮助信息 helppath 帮助路径 helpscreen 帮助屏 helptext 帮助说明 helptopics 帮助主题 helpwindow 帮助窗口 hiddenfile 隐含文件 hiddenfileattribute 隐含文件属性 hiddenfiles 隐含文件 howto 操作方式 ignorecase 忽略大小写 inbothconventionalanduppermemory 在常规和上位内存 incorrectdos 不正确的DOS incorrectdosversion DOS 版本不正确 indicatesabinaryfile 表示是一个二进制文件 indicatesanasciitextfile 表示是一个ascii文本文件 insertmode 插入方式 insteadofusingchkdsktryusingscandisk 请用scandisk,不要用chkdsk inuse 在使用 invaliddirectory 无效的目录 is 是 kbytes 千字节 keyboardtype 键盘类型 labeldisk 标注磁盘 laptop 膝上 largestexecutableprogram 最大可执行程序 largestmemoryblockavailable 最大内存块可用 lefthanded 左手习惯 leftmargin 左边界 linenumber 行号 linenumbers 行号 linespacing 行间距 listbyfilesinsortedorder 按指定顺序显示文件 listfile 列表文件 listof 清单 locatefile 文件定位 lookat 查看 lookup 查找 macroname 宏名字 makedirectory 创建目录 memoryinfo 内存信息 memorymodel 内存模式 menubar 菜单条 menucommand 菜单命令 menus 菜单 messagewindow 信息窗口 microsoft 微软 microsoftantivirus 微软反病毒软件 microsoftcorporation 微软公司 mini 小的 modemsetup 调制解调器安装 modulename 模块名 monitormode 监控状态 monochromemonitor 单色监视器 moveto 移至 multi 多 newdata 新建数据 newer 更新的 newfile 新文件 newname 新名称 newwindow 新建窗口 norton norton nostack 栈未定义 noteusedeltreecautiously 注意:小心使用deltree onlinehelp 联机求助 optionally 可选择地 or 或 pageframe 页面 pagelength 页长 pausesaftereachscreenfulofinFORMation 在显示每屏信息后暂停一下 pctools pc工具 postscript 附言 prefixmeaningnot 前缀意即"不 prefixtoreverseorder 反向显示的前缀 presetche**yprefixingantchwithhyphenforexamplew 用前缀和放在短横线-后的开关(例如/-w)预置开关 pressakeytoresume 按一键继续 pressanykeyforfilefunctions 敲任意键执行文件功能 pressentertokeepthesamedate 敲回车以保持相同的日期 pressentertokeepthesametime 敲回车以保持相同的时间 pressesctocontinue 敲esc继续 pressesctoexit 敲键退出 pressesctoexitfdisk 敲esc退出fdisk pressesctoreturntofdiskoptions 敲esc返回fdisk选项