大眼睛鱼儿
六年级英语阅读能力的提高需要学生大量的阅读英文材料，我在此整理了六年级英语下册附带翻译的阅读材料，供大家参阅，希望大家在阅读过程中有所收获!
Reading is a pleasure of the mind, which means that it is a little like a sport: your eagerness and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader. Reading is fun, not because the writer is telling you something, but because it makes your mind work. Your own imagination works along with the author's or even goes beyond his. Your experience, compared with his, brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand his.
Every book stands by itself, like a one-family house, but books in a library are like houses in a city. Although they are separate, together they all add up to something; they are connected with each other and with other cities. The same ideas, or related ones, turn up in different places; the human problems that repeat themselves in life repeat themselves in literature, but with different solutions according to different writings at different times.
Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you concentrate on books somebody tells you "ought" to read, you probably won't have fun. But if you put down a book you don't like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time--and if you become as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder, or more gentle, you won't have suffered during the process.
【参考翻译】
读书是愉悦心智之事。在这一点上它与运动颇为相似:一个优秀的读者必须要有热情、有知识、有速度。读书之乐并非在于作者要告诉你什么，而在于它促使你思考。你跟随作者一起想像，有时你的想象甚至会超越作者的。把自己的体验与作者的相互比较，你会得出相同或者不同的结论。在理解作者想法的同时，也形成了自己的观点。
每一本书都自成体系，就像一家一户的住宅，而图书馆里的藏书好比城市里千家万户的居所。尽管它们都相互独立，但只有相互结合才有意义。家家户户彼此相连，城市与城市彼此相依。相同或相似的思想在不同地方涌现。人类生活中反复的问题也在文学中不断重现，但因时代与作品的差异，答案也各不相同。
如果你希望的话，读书也能充满乐趣。倘若你只读那些别人告诉你该读之书，那么你不太可能有乐趣可言。但如果你放下你不喜欢的书，试着阅读另外一本，直到你找到自己中意的，然后轻轻松松的读下去，差不多一定会乐在其中。而且，当你通过阅读变得更加优秀，更加善良，更加文雅时，阅读便不再是一种折磨。
Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.
In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist(不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.
When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.
The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(疯人). The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”
Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.
【参考翻译】
贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。但到了15岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它 活动的地压力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点：夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务。
总的说来，这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几 项工作，或者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”或“合群”。
当让他们回忆梦境时，“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式：不承认问 题的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。
“睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不过没有那么严重而已。
“睡眠多的人”情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，这些年轻人从小的，有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。他们好像注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。偶尔没 有所需的9个小时夜间卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容。许多“睡眠多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微 有点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。
The main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of a medical school is that the No.1 health problem in the U.S. today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don’t know how to think about health and illness. Our reactions are formed on the terror level.
We fear the worst, expect the worst, thus invite the worst. The result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs, a self-medicating society incapable of
distinguishing between casual, everyday symptoms and those that require professional attention.
Early in life, too, we become seized with the bizarre idea that we are constantly assaulted by invisible monsters called germs, and that we have to be on constant alert to protect ourselves against their fury. Equal emphasis, however, is not given to the presiding fact that our bodies are superbly equipped to deal with the little demons and the best way of forestalling an attack is to maintain a sensible life-style.
【参考翻译】
在医学院任教十二年来，我获得的主要印象是，当今美国头号健康问题——一个比艾滋病或癌症更为严重的问题——是美国人不知道如何去认识健康与疾病。我们的反应是惊恐万状。我们怕最坏的事，想着最坏的事，而恰恰就召来了最坏的事。结果 ，我们变成了一个孱弱不堪，总疑心自己有病的民族，一个分不清哪些是日常偶发症状，哪些是需要治疗的症状，而自己擅自用药的社会。
joyzhou512
开始给孩子做英语启蒙的家长肯定听过分级读物。分级读物和绘本有什么区别？怎么选择分级读物？分级读物怎么用？这篇来盘点一下分级读物的方方面面。 一、什么是分级读物 分级读物是具有教学目的，并且分级明确的儿童读物，主要目的是帮助孩子“识字”，逐步从亲子阅读过渡到自主阅读。 分级读物的分级标准明确，对词汇量，词汇内容，以及句式都有严格的把控。词汇上，从高频到低频，句式上，从两三个词的短句，到简单句型，复杂句型，内容上，涉及的主题也随着难度加深逐步拓宽。 那英语启蒙该用绘本还是分级读物呢？分级读物因为对所选用的词汇和句型有较大的限制，趣味性和艺术性不如绘本，分级读物是教材，绘本就是课外书。刚刚接触英语的孩子，应该使用有趣的绘本提高孩子的学习兴趣，孩子正式开始英语学习之后，分级读物更加适合，难度更易把握，家长可以根据孩子的阅读水平逐步增加难度，遵循i+1的可理解性输入原则，在已知内容i的基础上，增加一点未知，不影响理解，并能通过上下文语境猜测词义，帮助孩子逐渐增加词汇量 ，提升阅读能力。 二、分级读物四大分级体系 分级读物的分级体系共有四个 （1）The Lexile Framework for Reading 蓝思分级阅读系统 蓝思分级阅读体系是美国儿童健康和人类发展研究院，为了提高学生的英语阅读能力水平，组织美国众多专家、学者，授权MetaMetrics公司研发而成，至今已有30年历史，是全球广泛应用的英语分级阅读标准，采用数字+L的形式，来对阅读材料进行分级，同时衡量孩子的阅读能力，使家长能够找到和孩子阅读能力匹配的阅读材料。阅读比孩子的阅读能力低100L或者高50L的材料，对提升阅读能力最有帮助，这个范围成为sweet spot。通常人的阅读能力为0-1700L，低于0L的称为BR，200L以下视为不具备独立阅读能力，需要家长的伴读。美国高中毕业的学生阅读能力应该达到1300L，就是可以轻松阅读《哈姆雷特》。有时蓝思值前面会有一些字母，比如AD780L，常见的如 AD=Adult Directed：家长指导书籍。这类读物一般都是带有文字的绘本，适合家长陪同学龄前儿童一起阅读。 BR=Beginning Reading：初级读物。 NP=Non-Prose：非散文性文章。如诗歌、歌词或者菜谱。此类文章无法评定蓝思等级。 （2）Accelerated Reader(AR)分级系统 AR 阅读分级系统是一套非常精确的英文阅读分级系，由2个数组成，小数点前面代表的是年级，小数点后面代表的是月份。如AR 2.3的表示相当于美国小学二年级第三个月英文阅读水平。 （3）Guided Reading Level(GRL)指导性阅读分级体系 Guided Reading Level（GRL），也称为A-Z分级法、Fountas and Pinnell阅读分级体系，由两位教育专家Gay Su Pinnell和Irene C. Fountas创立。按照由易到难的程度，分为A到Z的26个等级。A最简单，Z最难。 （4）Developmental Reading Assessment(DRA)发展性阅读评估分级 DRA评级不是标准化测试, 在某种意义上更像是GRL分级的补充。 它是由全球最大教育公司Pearson（培生）开发的。它记录的是学生平时的阅读表现，比如学生的阅读习惯、朗读流利度、理解能力等，因此结果更细致全面。但效率不太高。DRA 采用1-80的数字表示不同的级别。 四大分级体系相互之间的转换关系和对应的年龄年级如下图：（图片来源是分级读物RAZ网站，所以最左侧的字母A-Z不是GRL分级体系，而是RAZ的各个级别。）三、分级读物推荐 市面上的分级读物种类繁多，经过大浪淘沙，留下的几套经典的分级读物如牛津阅读树、海尼曼、RAZ、I can read系列，兰登step into reading系列，大猫，培生，国家地理kids，wonders，Usborne my reading library系列（1）牛津阅读树 牛津大学出版社出的儿童阅读分级材料，分16级。1-9级成为oxford reading tree(ORT)是树干部分，10-16级为tree top，主要讲了Kipper、Biff、Chip三兄妹的故事。国内引进了《典范英语》和《外研社丽声系列》。（2）Reading A-Z分级读物（RAZ） 官方网站为 ，国内引进版本为《ABC Time美国小学同步阅读》，体系完整庞大，从AA-Z一共27个级别，2000+本书。主题丰富，有常识，天文，地理，历史，童话，人文，动植物等等，能开拓孩子的眼界，增加背景知识，培养全球化视野和思维方式，是一套从易到难的儿童百科全书。(3)海尼曼 分级读物主要分三个级别：GK, G1, G2。内容包括：自然科学，人文等；特点：图片大多使用照片，真人真物。 GK适合零基础（共70本）； G1适合幼儿园至一年级（共110本）； G2适合一年级至三年级（共118本）； （4）《I can read》 难度分为My very first, my first, 1-4级，总共6级。不算严格意义上的分级读物，是不同级别难度和系列绘本的合辑。包括biscuit 饼干狗，little critter 小毛怪等系列，最早的Little Bear 系列是1957年出版的。大多是比较生动有趣的故事类绘本。 关于分级读物的选择，在精不在多，最关键的是家长能够选用1-2套分级读物，坚持陪孩子读完。我个人比较喜欢的是上面介绍的几套分级读物， 可以采用2套分级读物搭配为主，再加其他读物辅助的形式。 比如，常见的是海尼曼和牛津阅读树搭配，海尼曼内容覆盖很广，包括科学、人文、地理等科普读物，还包括经典童话故事；而牛津树主要是围绕着几个小朋友的日常生活和冒险经历而写成的故事。内容和语言上可以互补。 或者RAZ和海尼曼搭配，两者主题有所不同。 辅助的阅读材料可以选择I can read系列，趣味性和艺术性比较强，或者美国国家地理kids拓宽孩子的知识面。 如果这些还不够，再去研究其他的分级读物，通常能把这几套经典的分级读物跟下来已经很不容易，与其花时间研究不同分级读物之间的细微区别，不如脚踏实地的坚持读完1-2套。 四、如何使用分级读物 （1）什么时候开始 2-3岁开始正式英语启蒙时。 （2）怎么读分级读物 分为两个阶段 阶段一：刚开始英语启蒙时，主要是练习听说，可以给孩子听分级读物的音频，分级读物的阅读也主要是父母读书给孩子听，孩子看画面理解意思，而不是认字。 这个阶段的主要目标是积累3000听力词汇，提高孩子对语言的理解能力。 家长要制定详细的阅读计划，每周读6-12本分级读物。 阶段二：5岁以后，孩子听力词汇足够时，学习自然拼读，将听力词汇迅速转化为阅读词汇。这时，就可以开始练习自主阅读，之前听过的分级读物，就可以再次拿出来自己阅读。 （3）给孩子选择合适的分级读物 到了第二阶段，家长需要每个月或者每个季度测试孩子的阅读水平，并选择合适难度的分级读物给孩子读。孩子的阅读水平可以用蓝思值来衡量，可以通过让孩子阅读相关的测试材料，记录孩子的表现来确定。 知道了孩子的阅读水平的蓝思值后，如果手上有一本书，可以上蓝思的官网 fab.lexile.com 查询这本书的蓝思值，看是否在孩子的阅读范围内， 或者也可以在网站上输入孩子的蓝思值，会推荐合适的阅读材料。六、总结 这篇文章说到了 1.分级读物教学目的和分级明确的儿童读物，比绘本更加适合英语启蒙阶段的学习，绘本可以作为提升学习兴趣的补充。 2.分级读物有四大分级体系，其中最常用的是蓝思体系。 3.市面上常见的分级读物有十几套，比较经典的是牛津阅读树，海尼曼，RAZ，家长可以选择1-2套重点学习，再选一些其他趣味性、知识性的读物作为补充。 4.使用分级读物要遵循正确的方法，要根据孩子的阅读能力选择合适难度的分级读物。
萌萌panda我最爱
1.《鼹鼠和小鸟》2.<<汤姆索亚历险记>>挺简单，也挺有趣。3.howl'smovingcastle~~就是哈尔的移动城堡，也是英国人写的童话，论幽默或悬念，和harrypotter不相上下呢，而且环境描写还比harrypotter简单~~还有theheartisalonelyhunter，句子结构简单，流畅优美~~~4.<<芒果小屋>>还是中英文对照5.《daddy-long-legs》充满惊喜、温馨与爱的青春读本。6.美国的畅销小说<>译林杂志去年12月号有翻译作为首发长篇，小说很浅显，关键是情节很引人入胜，相比一些古典很容易看进去6.《丁丁历险记》7.《哈利波特1~6套装》cd转192kmp3未删节版英语有声读物[mp3],verycd上有下的.8.thenannydiaries:简单有趣,推荐给女孩子;exesanonymous:推荐给失恋的人应该差不多了吧
清风百荷
NBA -- Palace for Basketball PlayersThe National Basketball Association (NBA) is the major professional basketball league in the world, with teams from the United States and Canada. With the addition of the Toronto Raptors and the Vancouver Grizzlies, the NBA expanded to 29 teams competing in the Eastern and Western areas in four separate divisions. Each team conducts a training camp in October to determine its 12-player roster. Training camp allows each team to evaluate players, especially first year players, to see the team's strengths and weaknesses, and to prepare players for the upcoming season through a series of on-court drills. After a series of exhibition games, the NBA begins its 82-game regular season in the first week of November.In the second week of February, the NBA interrupts its season to celebrate the annual NBA All-Star game, with the game's best players as selected by fans throughout the US and Canada. After the NBA season concludes in the third week in April, a total of 16 teams qualify for the playoffs. The playoff spots are awarded on the basis of win-loss records, regardless of division. The playoffs start with the teams with better records playing the teams with worse records in a best-of-five series, in which the winner is the first team to win three games. In subsequent rounds best-of-seven series are played, with the first team to earn four victories winning the round. The playoffs continue in this way until a champion is crowned. The champions from the Eastern and Western areas then meet in a best-of-seven series to determine the NBA champion.
优质英语培训问答知识库
